Effect of cultivation, sowing methods and herbicides on wild radish populations in wheat crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Code ◽  
TW Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
The Third ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Radish Seed

The effect of different cultivation and sowing methods on wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) density in 4 successive wheat crops was measured in an experiment in north-eastern Victoria. The number of seasons taken for populations to decline below an estimated threshold for economic spraying of wild radish (5-10 plants/m2) was examined. Two herbicide applications in each crop in all but one treatment prevented or significantly reduced wild radish seed production during the experiment. Wheat sown after mouldboard ploughing (MBP) in the first season contained wild radish at 42 plants/m2, before spraying. Densities were significantly higher (P<0.05) when wheat was direct drilled (96 plants/m2), or sown after cultivation to 80 mm (116 plants/m2) or to 50 mm (202 plants/m2). MBP in the first season followed by cultivation to 80 mm or direct drilling in subsequent seasons resulted in wild radish populations below the threshold for economic spraying in the second crop. Cultivation to 80 mm before sowing in the first 2 years, followed by direct drilling in subsequent years resulted in a wild radish population of 6.9 plants/m2 in the third crop. This density was within the range estimated as the threshold for economic spraying. Wild radish densities on treatments cultivated to 50 or 80 mm before sowing, or direct drilled each year, had declined to within or below the threshold for economic spraying by the fourth crop.

Impact of crop-topping and swathing on the viable seed production of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Radish Seed

Crop-topping, the practice of applying non-selective herbicides at crop maturity, has proved to be an effective management technique in preventing the input of seed into the seedbank for some annual weed species of southern Australian crop production systems. However, the efficacy of this practice on the dominant broad-leaf weed of these systems, wild radish, is not well understood. These studies investigated the effect of crop-topping and swathing on the viable seed production of wild radish. Crop-topping with either glyphosate or sprayseed (paraquat 135 g/L + diquat 115 g/L) can provide large reductions of 80–90% in viable seed production of wild radish plants present in crops at the end of the growing season. However, the efficacy of this practice was found to be highly variable and therefore, cannot be relied upon to consistently produce these large reductions in seed numbers. Similarly, swathing also produced large reductions in viable seed production but results from this practice were even less consistent than crop-topping treatments. For all treatments, early application timings of growth stage 6.5 or earlier, were optimum for targeting wild radish seed production. However, these treatment timings also resulted in large crop yield losses of ~30%. To preserve at least 90% of crop yield, crop-topping and swathing treatments need to be delayed until wild radish growth stage 8.5, with expected reductions in seed numbers of up to 70%. However, in high-density infestations the need to preserve grain yield will be less important than preventing substantial inputs of wild radish seed into the seedbank.

Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) interference in wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed V. Eslami ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill ◽  
Bill Bellotti ◽  
Glenn McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Radish Seed

Wild radish is a major weed of field crops in southern Australia. The effects of various densities of wild radish and wheat on the growth and reproductive output of each other were investigated in field studies in 2003 and 2004. The experiments were established as a factorial combination of wheat (0, 100, 200, and 400 plants m−2) and wild radish (0, 15, 30, and 60 plants m−2) densities. The effect of wild radish density on wheat yield loss and wild radish seed production were described with a rectangular hyperbola model. The presence of wild radish in wheat reduced aboveground dry matter, leaf-area index (LAI), and grain yield of wheat, and the magnitude of this reduction was dependent on weed density. Increasing the density of wheat substantially reduced the adverse effects of wild radish on wheat. As crop density increased, wild radish dry matter, LAI, and seed production per unit area decreased. The maximum seed production of wild radish was achieved at its highest density (60 plants m−2), and was 43,300 and 61,200 seeds m−2for the first and second year, respectively. The results indicated that higher densities of wheat were able to suppress seed production of this weed species. From a practical viewpoint, this study shows that increased wheat density in the range of 200 to 400 wheat plants m−2can reduce wild radish seed production and also give some reduction in crop yield loss, and could be an important component of an integrated weed management program.

Seed production and longevity, seasonal emergence and phenology of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Reeves ◽  
GR Code ◽  
CM Piggin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Plant Emergence

Experiments conducted from 1977 to 1979, at Rutherglen, north-eastern Victoria, investigated seed production, seed longevity, seasonal emergence and phenological development in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), a weed of field crops. Seed production of wild radish reached 17 275 seeds/m2; seeds retained viability and germinated over a period of three years. The loss of viability was faster at the soil surface or at 1 cm depth than at 5 or 10 cm. Of 1000 wild radish seeds buried at 1 cm depth, 737 emerged after three years, compared with 367, 167 and 5 at 0.5 and 10 cm, respectively. Phenological development of wild radish was affected by time of planting, and the duration of the period from plant emergence to plant senescence ranged from 5 to 10 months. Temperature appeared to influence development up to flowering, but photoperiod affected the length of flowering. Plants emerging at any time during the year were able to flower and seed successfully. The implications of these findings for control programs are discussed.

scholarly journals No auxinic herbicide–resistance cost in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica E. Goggin ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Chad Sayer ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Western Australian

AbstractWild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) is a problematic and economically damaging dicotyledonous weed infesting crops in many regions of the world. Resistance to the auxinic herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba is widespread in Western Australian R. raphanistrum populations, with the resistance mechanism appearing to involve alterations in the physiological response to synthetic auxins and in plant defense. This study aimed to determine whether these alterations cause inhibition in plant growth or reproduction that could potentially be exploited to manage 2,4-D–resistant populations in cropping areas. Therefore, the morphology and seed production of resistant and susceptible populations were compared in an outdoor pot study, with plants grown in the presence and absence of competition by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The susceptible and resistant R. raphanistrum populations were equally suppressed by wheat competition, with plant growth and seed production being decreased by approximately 50%. Although resistant populations produced less vegetative biomass than susceptible populations, there was no negative association between resistance and seed production. Therefore, it is unlikely that any nonherbicidal management practices will be more efficacious on 2,4-D–resistant than 2,4-D–susceptible R. raphanistrum populations.

Identity and Activity of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Metabolites in Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (51) ◽  
pp. 13378-13385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica E. Goggin ◽  
Gareth L. Nealon ◽  
Gregory R. Cawthray ◽  
Adrian Scaffidi ◽  
Mark J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

scholarly journals Human cases of West Nile Virus Infection in north-eastern Italy, 15 June to 15 November 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barzon ◽  
M Pacenti ◽  
R Cusinato ◽  
M Cattai ◽  
E Franchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
North Eastern

In 2010, for the third consecutive year, human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, including three confirmed cases of neuroinvasive disease and three confirmed cases of West Nile fever, were identified in north-eastern Italy. While in 2008 and 2009 all human cases of WNV disease were recorded in the south of the Veneto region, cases of WNV disease in 2010 additionally occurred in two relatively small northern areas of Veneto, located outside those with WNV circulation in the previous years. WNV IgG antibody prevalence in blood donors resident in Veneto was estimated as ranging from 3.2 per 1,000 in areas not affected by cases of WNV disease to 33.3 per 1,000 in a highly affected area of the Rovigo province. No further autochthonous human cases of WNV disease were notified in Italy in 2010. The recurrence of human cases of WNV infection for the third consecutive year strongly suggests WNV has become endemic in north-eastern Italy.

scholarly journals Distribution and ecology of the lichen Fellhanera gyrophorica in the Pojezierze Olsztyńskie Lakeland and its status in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
The Third ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

The study presents recent data on the distribution of <em>Fellhanera gyrophorica </em>(Pilocarpaceae, Ascomycota) in Poland, a rare lichen with a crustose, usually sterile thallus. Both previous and new localities of the species are presented with data on its eco­logy and general distribution. Furthermore, this paper provides detailed results on floristic investigations of the species in the forest areas of the Pojezierze Olsztyńskie Lakeland (Northern Poland). Fertile specimens of <em>F. gyrophorica </em>have been observed in Poland for the second time and in the world – for the third time. Also, a new substrate for this species has been found: <em>Acer platanoides</em>. In addition, <em>Carpinus betulus </em>and <em>Populus tremula </em>were also found to be the species' substrates in Poland. Based on this study and previous reports, <em>F. gyrophorica </em>seems to be a relatively common species in north-eastern Poland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document