Solubility of the nadorite group minerals: implications for mobility of Sb and Bi in oxidised settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Adam J. Roper ◽  
Peter Leverett ◽  
Timothy D. Murphy ◽  
Peter A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Relative Stabilities ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

Environmental contextThe dispersion of antimony in the environment has been misunderstood over the last few decades. Investigating the solubility of naturally forming mineral phases such as nadorite resulted in determination of its limited role in Sb dispersion, providing evidence that nadorite can only limit antimony dispersion in mildly oxidising conditions. Nadorite can only play a significant role in Sb immobilisation in a particular redox window, which forms only a minor part of the framework of Sb dispersion. AbstractAs part of a study of the control that secondary minerals exert on the dispersion of antimony and bismuth in the supergene environment, syntheses and stability studies of nadorite (PbSbO2Cl) and perite (PbBiO2Cl) have been undertaken. Solubilities in aqueous HNO3 were determined at 298.2K and the data obtained used to calculate values of ΔGfθ(298.2K). The ΔGfθ(s, 298.2K) values for PbSbO2Cl (–622.0±2.8kJmol–1) and PbBiO2Cl (–590.0±1.3kJmol–1) have been used in subsequent calculations to determine relative stabilities and relationships with other common secondary Sb and Bi minerals. While the role of nadorite in immobilising Sb is dependent upon the prevailing redox potential such that SbIII is stable, perite may be a significant phase in limiting the dispersion of Bi in certain supergene settings.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Excavating Women: Towards an Engendered History of Archaeology (1998)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Díaz-Andreu ◽  
Marie Louise Stig Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
Disciplinary History ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Critical Historiography ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Gender archaeology has by now become a relatively well-established research topic within archaeology. Recent years have seen the publication of a number of edited volumes, a rapidly expanding number of papers, and even a few journals and newsletters dedicated to this subject. It is, therefore, very surprising that in this literature the historiographic analysis of women archaeologists has played only a minor part. Likewise they are hardly acknowledged in the ‘folk’ histories of the discipline (Lucy and Hill 1994: 2). The need to understand the disciplinary integration of women, to appreciate the varying socio-political contexts of their work, to reveal the unique tension between their roles as women and their academic lives, has become obvious and is strongly felt in many areas of the discipline. The insights yielded by such analysis will have significance at many levels and will be of paramount importance for the intellectual history of archaeology. In particular, such insights will necessitate a much-needed revision of disciplinary history by revealing its mechanisms of selecting and forgetting, and will play an important role in the analysis of archaeology’s knowledge claims. Histories of archaeology have broadly accepted, and spread, a perception of archaeology as being male-centred, both intellectually and in practice. These accounts, written by male archaeologists such as Glyn Daniel (1975), Alain Schnapp (1993), and Bruce Trigger (1989), are inevitably androcentric in their conceptualization and reconstruction of the disciplinary past. Their versions have, however, recently begun to be contested, as concern with critical historiography has grown, and a few explicit historiographical accounts of women archaeologists have appeared. So far, with regard to the role of women, the most extensive contributions are the edited volumes by Claassen (1994) and du Cros and Smith (1993). While providing an important beginning, these publications show that there is still a long way to go. In particular they demonstrate a gap in research coverage, as no investigation of the contribution of women outside the USA and Australia exists.

scholarly journals The Etymology of Kallawaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Hannß
Keyword(s):  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor

In this present paper, the etymological composition of Kallawaya, a mixed and secret language of Bolivia, will be discussed. I will argue that the lexicon of Kallawaya is more heterogeneous than has been assumed so far. In particular, the role of the allegedly main lexifier language Pukina will be critically re-assessed and I will suggest that only a minor part of the Kallawaya lexicon can be related to Pukina. The issues of secrecy and intentional borrowing will also be addressed.

scholarly journals Truthmaking and the Mysteries of Emergence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Morris
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Weak Notion

This chapter discusses and evaluates the role of truthmaking in articulating an unproblematic concept of emergence—specifically, the proposal that emergent properties should be characterized as those that, while “ontologically dependent”, are yet needed as truthmakers. It argues that while emergence so understood appears to avoid several well-known concerns about emergence and emergent properties, including those that stem from the alleged “brute determination” of emergent properties, this result is secured through the weak notion of dependence that it employs. The appeal to truthmaking, in contrast, proves largely superfluous. While truthmaking may thus not be able to play a significant role in emergentist metaphysics, it is argued that it is consistent with this verdict that truthmaking can play a more significant role in characterizing an attractive middle ground between reductive and nonreductive approaches to physicalism.

scholarly journals Requirement of Fra proteins for communication channels between cells in the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteriumAnabaenasp. PCC 7120

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (32) ◽  
pp. E4458-E4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Omairi-Nasser ◽  
Vicente Mariscal ◽  
Jotham R. Austin ◽  
Robert Haselkorn
Keyword(s):  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Metabolite Exchange ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Pcc 7120

The filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteriumAnabaenasp. PCC 7120 differentiates specialized cells, heterocysts, that fix atmospheric nitrogen and transfer the fixed nitrogen to adjacent vegetative cells. Reciprocally, vegetative cells transfer fixed carbon to heterocysts. Several routes have been described for metabolite exchange within the filament, one of which involves communicating channels that penetrate the septum between adjacent cells. Severalfragene mutants were isolated 25 y ago on the basis of their phenotypes: inability to fix nitrogen and fragmentation of filaments upon transfer from N+ to N− media. Cryopreservation combined with electron tomography were used to investigate the role of threefragene products in channel formation. FraC and FraG are clearly involved in channel formation, whereas FraD has a minor part. Additionally, FraG was located close to the cytoplasmic membrane and in the heterocyst neck, using immunogold labeling with antibody raised to the N-terminal domain of the FraG protein.

scholarly journals Sperm–oocyte signaling: the role of IZUMO1R and CD9 in PTK2B activation and actin remodeling at the sperm binding site†

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhen Wang ◽  
Xiaoman Hong ◽  
William H Kinsey
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
A Minor

AbstractSperm–oocyte binding initiates an outside-in signaling event in the mouse oocyte that triggers recruitment and activation of the cytosolic protein kinase PTK2B in the cortex underlying the bound sperm. While not involved in gamete fusion, PTK2B activity promotes actin remodeling events important during sperm incorporation. However, the mechanism by which sperm–oocyte binding activates PTK2B is unknown, and the present study examined the possibility that sperm interaction with specific oocyte surface proteins plays an important role in PTK2B activation. Imaging studies revealed that as IZUMO1R and CD9 became concentrated at the sperm binding site, activated (phosphorylated) PTK2B accumulated in the cortex underlying the sperm head and in microvilli partially encircling the sperm head. In order to determine whether IZUMO1R and/or CD9 played a significant role in PTK2B recruitment and activation at the sperm binding site, the ability of oocytes null for Izumo1r or Cd9, to initiate an increase in PTK2B content and activation was tested. The results revealed that IZUMO1R played a minor role in PTK2B activation and had no effect on actin remodeling; however, CD9 played a very significant role in PTK2B activation and subsequent actin remodeling at the sperm binding site. These findings suggest the possibility that interaction of sperm surface proteins with CD9 or CD9-associated oocyte proteins triggers PTK2B activation at the sperm binding site.

Stabilities of byströmite, MgSb2O6, ordoñezite, ZnSb2O6 and rosiaite, PbSb2O6, and their possible roles in limiting antimony mobility in the supergene zone

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Roper ◽  
Peter Leverett ◽  
Timothy D. Murphy ◽  
Peter A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Stability Studies ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Relative Stabilities ◽  
Supergene Zone

AbstractIn order to clarify the roles that secondary minerals may have in determining the extent of dispersion of Sb in the supergene environment, syntheses and stability studies of the Sb(V) oxides byströmite, MgSb2O6, ordoñezite, ZnSb2O6 and rosiaite, PbSb2O6, have been undertaken. Solubilities in aqueous HNO3 were determined at 298.2 K and the data obtained used to calculate values of Δ at the same temperature. The derived Δ(s, 298.2 K) values for MgSb2O6 (–1554.1 ±3.6 kJ mol–1), ZnSb2O6 (–1257.0 ±2.6 kJ mol–1) and PbSb2O6 (–1154.2 ±2.6 kJ mol–1) have been used in subsequent calculations to determine their relative stabilities and relationships with other secondary Sb minerals.

Introduction

1958 ◽  
Vol 148 (932) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
A Minor

This discussion was arranged in the belief that diverse lines of research with microorganisms had contributed materially to the solution of the role of the cytoplasm in differentiation, and that the time was ripe to review the relationships and degree of accord between at least some of these newer lines of work. The treatment is from three points of view. First, there is the morphological framework as revealed by electron microscopy. Even though the genetic functions of the structures so revealed are as yet unknown, the fine-structure of the cytoplasm must ultimately be related to the expression of genetic functions. Secondly, there is the genetic determination of cytoplasmic variations, their nature and their stability and plasticity and the interdependence of nucleus and cytoplasm. Thirdly, there is a consideration of the biochemical self-sufficiency of the cytoplasm and its stability in terms of enzymes. It has often been stated that from the point of view of heritable variation, the cytoplasm plays a minor role. However, it plays the major role in expressing the characters determined by the genes, and its history and the effect of the environment upon it are not without influence upon the characters expressed, just as the genes influence one another. Thus the action of a gene, by which it is recognized, may be expressed in some cells or tissues, but apparently not in others. By orderly control of which genes appear to act at a given time, cells may be differentiated sequentially in a tissue for specialized functions.

Policy-based reasoning in duty of care cases

Legal Studies ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Andrew Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Level Analysis

This paper seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the role of policy-based reasoning in the determination of duty of care questions. In order to do this, the first part explores the distinction between considerations of interpersonal justice and considerations of community welfare in the determination of duty questions. While imperfect, the distinction illuminates the nature of the factors taken into account by courts in determining duty of care questions and has practical as well as theoretical implications. The second part of the paper analyses the respective roles of interpersonal justice considerations and community welfare considerations in a sample of first instance and intermediate appellate cases from England and Canada. That study suggests that community welfare considerations play a far less significant role in determining duty cases at the first instance and intermediate appellate level than at the ultimate appellate level. Analysis of the cases also reveals significant differences between the English and Canadian courts in their approaches to the interpersonal justice and community welfare aspects of duty of care questions.

Äquivalenzprinzip und Finanzpolitik: Ein Besteuerungsprinzip (erneut) auf dem Prüfstand

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Hansjürgens
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Potential Fields ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Benefit Principle ◽  
A Minor

AbstractThe article analyses the potential role of the benefit principle in public finance. Against the background that the benefit principle plays a minor part both in the theory and in the politics of public finance, first the advantages of this principle are traced out. By bringing together both sides of the budget the benefit principle leads to a stronger cost-benefit orientation in the citizen’s preferences and serves as an instrument to curb Leviathan. Given these advantages the arguments against the application of the benefit principle are critically (re)analysed and potential fields of a stronger application are developed. The analysis ends with the design of elements of a “constitutional pact” in order to strengthen the role of the benefit principle in public policy.

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