Tripogon loliiformis elicits a rapid physiological and structural response to dehydration for desiccation tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Karbaschi ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
Acram Taji ◽  
Sagadevan G. Mundree
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Irradiation Stress

Resurrection plants can withstand extreme dehydration to an air-dry state and then recover upon receiving water. Tripogon loliiformis (F.Muell.) C.E.Hubb. is a largely uncharacterised native Australian desiccation-tolerant grass that resurrects from the desiccated state within 72 h. Using a combination of structural and physiological techniques the structural and physiological features that enable T. loliiformis to tolerate desiccation were investigated. These features include: (i) a myriad of structural changes such as leaf folding, cell wall folding and vacuole fragmentation that mitigate desiccation stress, (ii) potential role of sclerenchymatous tissue within leaf folding and radiation protection, (iii) retention of ~70% chlorophyll in the desiccated state, (iv) early response of photosynthesis to dehydration by 50% reduction and ceasing completely at 80 and 70% relative water content, respectively, (v) a sharp increase in electrolyte leakage during dehydration, and (vi) confirmation of membrane integrity throughout desiccation and rehydration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that T. loliiformis implements a range of structural and physiological mechanisms that minimise mechanical, oxidative and irradiation stress. These results provide powerful insights into tolerance mechanisms for potential utilisation in the enhancement of stress-tolerance in crop plants.

P.2.a.016 Electrode implantation produces an early response to deep brain stimulation in depression: potential role of regional neuroinflammation

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S317-S318
Author(s):  
L. Perez-Caballero ◽  
R. Perez-Egea ◽  
D. Puigdemont ◽  
C. Romero-Grimaldi ◽  
J. Molet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Community Actors in The Response Against COVID-19: Lessons From Three African Countries, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Mumba Zulu ◽  
Chama Mulubwa ◽  
Nathanael Sirili ◽  
Adam Silumbwe ◽  
Malizgani Paul Chavula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Early Response ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Community Health Systems ◽  
Made In

Abstract Objective With the spread of COVID-19 to most low-and middle- income countries, global concerns arise on how to respond to the pandemic. We seek to highlight the early response to COVID-19 of Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and draw lessons on how community actors could be engaged in the global efforts to prevent its spread and resurgence. This is envisioned to guide COVID-19 prevention efforts as well as implementation of interventions, especially in areas with relaxed, no or partial lockdown measures. ResultsCommunity actors can be useful in the promotion of behavioural change including consistent use of face masks, handwashing, social distancing, as well as act as whistle-blowers who identify new residents, report suspected COVID-19 cases and those breaking self-quarantine directives. Furthermore, community actors can encourage adherence to government directives on COVID-19 prevention through integrating COVID-19 information into their routine services. Countries across the globe have the opportunity to tap into the potential role of community actors, especially as we move towards more inclusive health systems. Increased involvement of community health systems is vital in sustaining the gains that have been made in areas where COVID-19 cases have reduced.

scholarly journals Impaired Signaling of NF-κB and NRF2 in CX3CR1-Deficient Microglia: Implications in Tauopathies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Ángel J. García-Yagüe ◽  
Sebastian Kügler ◽  
Isabel Lastres-Becker
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Low Grade

ABSTRACTTAU protein aggregation is the main characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Low-grade chronic inflammation is also another hallmark that indicates crosstalk between damaged neurons and glial cells. We have demonstrated that neurons overexpressing TAUP301L release CX3CL1, which activates anti-inflammatory NRF2 signalling in microglial cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the potential role of CX3CR1 in the context of tauopathies and its implication in neuroinflammation are poorly described. In this work we show that CX3CL1 activates the pro-inflammatory pathway as an early response mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB through the activation of mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK-1). At a functional level, CX3CR1-deficient microglia show decreased expression of NRF2, impaired cell migration and deficiency of phagocytosis. The relevance of these findings is evident in a tauopathy model, where the treatment with an inducer of NRF2, sulforaphane, is able to modulate astrogliosis but not microgliosis. These findings suggest that CX3CR1/NRF2 axis is essential in microglial activation associated with tauopathies and that polymorphisms have to be taken into account to development of therapeutic strategies

Potential role of the early response gene c-myc in beta-cell adaptation to changes in glucose concentration

Diabetes ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S137-S137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jonas ◽  
R. Laybutt ◽  
G. M. Steil ◽  
N. Trivedi ◽  
G. C. Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Response Gene ◽  
Cell Adaptation ◽  
Early Response Gene ◽  
Beta Cell Adaptation

Glutamine protects rabbit spermatozoa against oxidative stress via glutathione synthesis during cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhendong Zhu ◽  
Xiaoteng Fan ◽  
Yinghua Lv ◽  
Yan Lin ◽  
De Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione Synthesis ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase ◽  
Rabbit Spermatozoa ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Mammalian spermatozoa are extremely susceptible to high doses of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of glutamine in protecting rabbit spermatozoa against ROS stress during cryopreservation and post-thaw incubation. Freshly ejaculated semen was diluted with Tris–citrate–glucose extender supplemented with glutamine. The addition of 20 mM glutamine significantly improved sperm motility, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity. Meanwhile, 20 mM glutamine addition decreased lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in frozen–thawed spermatozoa. Interestingly, supplementation with 20 mM glutamine led to increases in glutathione content and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione peroxidase activity, with concomitant decreases in ROS levels during cryopreservation and post-thaw incubation. In conclusion, the addition of glutamine to extender solutions protects rabbit spermatozoa from ROS attack by enhancing glutathione synthesis.

scholarly journals Lipid Pathology of the Corpus Callosum in Schizophrenia and the Potential Role of Abnormal Gene Regulatory Networks with Reduced Microglial Marker Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 448-462
Author(s):  
Chie Shimamoto-Mitsuyama ◽  
Akihiro Nakaya ◽  
Kayoko Esaki ◽  
Shabeesh Balan ◽  
Yoshimi Iwayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Abstract Structural changes in the corpus callosum have been reported in schizophrenia; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. As the corpus callosum is high in lipid content, we analyzed the lipid contents of the corpora callosa from 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 age- and sex-matched controls using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and identified lipid combinations associated with schizophrenia. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses using extended samples (schizophrenia, n = 95; control, n = 91) showed low expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and their potential upstream transcription factors in schizophrenia. Subsequent pathway analysis identified a gene regulatory network where nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2) is placed most upstream. We also observed low gene expression levels of microglial markers, inflammatory cytokines, and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), which is known to regulate the density of microglia, in the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. The interactions between CSF1R and several genes in the presently identified gene network originating from NFATC2 have been reported. Collectively, this study provides evidence regarding lipid abnormalities in the corpora callosa of patients with schizophrenia and proposes the potential role of impaired “NFATC2-relevant gene network-microglial axis” as its underlying mechanism.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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