Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology resolve two new species of olive-tree soil related dagger nematodes of the genus Xiphinema (Dorylaimida : Longidoridae) from Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Archidona-Yuste ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Olive Trees

The genus Xiphinema constitutes a large group of ~275 species of polyphagous, plant-ectoparasitic nematodes that are distributed almost worldwide. Some species affect agricultural crops by feeding directly on root cells as well as by transmitting nepoviruses. Despite their agricultural importance, species discrimination in Xiphinema is difficult, leading to potential misidentification. Integrative taxonomy, based on the combination of molecular analyses and morphology, constitutes a new insight into Xiphinema species identification. In this study we describe two new species of Xiphinema from the Iberian Peninsula (X. macrodora, sp. nov. and X. oleae, sp. nov.) associated with cultivated and wild olive trees. Both species have specific rRNA sequences. Morphologically, Xiphinema macrodora, sp. nov. is characterised by a very long body (7.2–8.7 mm), a very long odontostyle and odontophore (190–206 and 105–120 µm, respectively), and a well developed pseudo-Z-organ, comprising 8 to 12 sclerotised bodies. Xiphinema oleae, sp. nov. is characterised by an odontostyle and an odontophore 136–149 and 65–80 µm long, respectively, and a well developed Z-organ with refractive inclusions (3–5), variable in shape. Additionally, X. macrodora, sp. nov. has the longest body size, and the longest odontostyle and odontophore of any Xiphinema, whereas X. oleae, sp. nov. is the first species with a well developed Z-organ from the Iberian Peninsula. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4CE8711-22EF-40E4-9D39-6FE962F25225

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

2020 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 77-107
Author(s):  
Erick Cristofore Guimarães ◽  
Pâmella Silva De Brito ◽  
Pedro Henrique Negreiros Bragança ◽  
Jadson Pinheiro Santos ◽  
Axel Makay Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Two new species, Hyphessobrycon frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. and H. geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov., are herein described, based on seven different and independent species delimitation methods, and on molecular and morphological characters, making the hypothesis of these new species supported from an integrative taxonomy perspective. They belong to the “Rosy tetra” clade, which is mainly characterized by the presence of a dark brown or black blotch on the dorsal fin and the absence of a midlateral stripe on the body. These two new species are distinguished from the other members of this clade mainly by the arrangement, shape and color pattern of humeral and dorsal-fin spots, as well as by other characters related to scale counts and body pigmentation. The placement of the new species within the “Rosy tetra” clade was based on the combination of morphological character states mentioned above and corroborated by a molecular phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1. In addition, a new clade (here termed Hyphessobrycon copelandi clade) within the “Rosy tetra” clade is proposed based on molecular data, comprising H. copelandi, H. frickei sp. nov., H. geryi sp. nov. and a still undescribed species. Our results corroborate the occurrence of hidden species within the “Rosy tetra” clade, as suggested by previous studies.

scholarly journals Reassessment and systematic position of the sinistral snails of genus Hemiplecta from Thailand (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with description of two new species

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Chirasak Sutcharit ◽  
Ekgachai Jeratthitikul ◽  
Piyoros Tongkerd ◽  
Somsak Panha
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Indochina land snails of the family Ariophantidae are in need of thorough systematic revision. Here we comprehensively revise the systematics of the large-shelled, sinistral (counterclockwise) coiling snails from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial (coi and 16S) and nuclear (28S) gene sequences demonstrates that these sinistral snails are not members of Dyakiidae as previously thought, but instead are more closely related to the genus Hemiplecta in the family Ariophantidae. Comparative morphology also reveals similarity of reproductive organ features (globular gametolytic organ, well-developed dart apparatus, and lack of amatorial organ complex). Based on this evidence, we propose to transfer these sinistral snails to the genus Hemiplecta. Molecular phylogenetic analyses further strongly support the monophyly of this sinistral lineage with respect to other members of Hemiplecta. This monophyletic clade consists of five members including three species that were previously classified as “Dyakia”, H. lahatensis, H. retrorsa and H. salangana, and two new species described herein, H. ligorica n. sp. and H. thailandica n. sp. This study also suggests that the anatomy of the gametolytic organ in the genus Hemiplecta corresponds well with the phylogenetic relationships and appears to be a taxonomically informative character, while the penial verge has little utility for generic recognition.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Archidona-Yuste ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ectoparasitic Nematodes

The genus Longidorus constitutes a large group of approximately 170 species of plant-ectoparasitic nematodes that are polyphagous and distributed almost worldwide. Some of the species of this genus are vectors of plant viruses. Species discrimination in Longidorus is difficult because the morphology is very conservative, and morphometric characters often overlap, leading to potential misidentification. Integrative taxonomy, based on the combination of molecular analyses with morphology, is a useful and necessary approach in Longidorus species identification. In Spain from 2014 to 2017, we conducted nematode surveys among cultivated and wild plants, from which we identified 13 populations of Longidorus, two of which appeared to represent new species and are described herein as L. iliturgiensis sp. nov. and L. pacensis sp. nov., and 11 populations belonging to eight known species: L. africanus, L. baeticus, L. carpetanensis, L. fasciatus, L. nevesi, L. cf. olegi, L. pini, and L. vallensis. Three species are new geographical records for Spain (L. nevesi, L. cf. olegi, and L. africanus). We report molecular data for L. nevesi, L. cf. olegi, L. carpetanensis and L. pini for the first time. Additionally, we describe the males of L. pini and the juveniles of L. cf. olegi.

Two new species of Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae) from southern Brazil described in the light of integrative taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4482 (3) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIANCA LAÍS ZIMMERMANN ◽  
IVANKLIN SOARES CAMPOS-FILHO ◽  
GIOVANNA MONTICELLI CARDOSO ◽  
SANDRO SANTOS ◽  
JOSÉ OTÁVIO AGUIAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Terrestrial Isopods ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Taxonomic Impediment ◽  
Two New Species

The use of molecular data in association with classical taxonomy has helped to alleviate the taxonomic impediment through the discovery, delimitation and description of new species. Terrestrial isopods are the largest suborder of Isopoda; however, there are very few active taxonomists in this group and a representative part of the terrestrial isopods world diversity remains unexplored. The genus Atlantoscia comprises five species in which diagnostic characters are few and show subtle differences among the species. The objective of this study was to delimit and describe two new species of the genus Atlantoscia from southern Brazil by using traditional taxonomy coupled with genetic information. Specimens were analyzed morphologically and by the aid of two molecular markers, mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S rRNA. The validity of the new species Atlantoscia antennamaculata sp. nov. and Atlantoscia australis sp. nov. was corroborated, unambiguously, by morphological approach, phylogenetic analysis and species delimitation methods. Our study reinforces the fact that, despite the undeniable importance of comparative morphology in species discovery, new methods and data, particularly molecular ones, are becoming prominent and an integrative part of the taxonomy practice. 

Two New Species of Aira (Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Javier López-Alvarado ◽  
Pere Fraga ◽  
Regina Berjano ◽  
M. Ángeles Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Species ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Two New Species

Abstract—Two new diploid species, Aira minoricensis and Aira hercynica, are described and illustrated, along with chromosome counts, risk assessment, distribution and habitat, phenology, and comparisons with morphologically similar species. A comparative table and a key for the species of Aira for the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands are provided to assist in the identification of these overlooked species, and their relationships to other taxa are discussed.

scholarly journals Dicranum ignatovii sp. nova (Dicranaceae, Bryophyta) from the Far East

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Far East ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Kurile Islands ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The new species Dicranum ignatovii Tubanova & Fedosov is described from Sakhalin, South Kurile Islands and the Khabarovsk Territory based on the approach of integrative taxonomy. The species is characterized by the unique combination of (1) short leaves with broadly acute apex, (2) slightly recurved distal leaf lamina, (3) short-rectangular to transverse rectangular distal leaf cells, (4) proximal leaf cells abruptly shortened distally and thus occupying only the basalmost leaf portion, (5) costa ending before apex, and (6) presence of flagelliform branchlets in upper leaf axils. Based on nrITS 1, 2 & 5.8 rRNA gene sequences, molecular phylogenetic analysis was carried out. As a result, three studied specimens were found in a well supported clade, nested in a weakly supported clade where D. acutifolium, D. caesium, D. bardunovii, D. angustum, D. bonjeanii, D. scoparium and D. brevifolium were also found.

Taxonomic changes and description of two new species for the Phyllodactylus lanei complex (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) in Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4407 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONATIUH RAMÍREZ-REYES ◽  
OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

An integrative taxonomy approach was implemented based on analysis of genetic, phylogenetic, morphological and ecological data to identify the cryptic diversity within the Phyllodactylus lanei complex. At least six species can be identified, of which four are currently considered subspecies: Phyllodactylus lanei, Phyllodactylus rupinus, Phyllodactylus isabelae, Phyllodactylus lupitae and two corresponding to undescribed taxa, which are identified and described in this contribution. These differ from other Mexican geckos in several characters: genetic distance (DNAmt), position in molecular phylogeny (concatened data DNAmt+DNAnu), species tree, morphological characters such as snout-vent length, longitudinal scales, tubercles from head to tail, interorbital scales, scales across venter, third labial–snout scales and rows of tubercles across dorsum; there are also differences in their bioclimatic profiles (temperature and precipitation) and geographical distribution. The most recent studies on taxonomy and evolution of Mexican geckos (Phyllodactylus) show that the diversity of this group of reptiles is currently underestimated, suggesting that more research and conservation efforts are should be addressed at these lizards. 

Description of two new species of Rhamphus related to R. oxyacanthae (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Rhamphini) from Italy based on a morphological study supported by molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4995 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
LUCIANO DIOTTI ◽  
ROBERTO CALDARA ◽  
IVO TOŠEVSKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of the weevil genus Rhamphus from Italy are herein described: R. bavierai n. sp. (Sicily) and R. hampsicora n. sp. (Sardinia). Both are morphologically and from a molecular perspective close to R. oxyacanthae (Marsham, 1802) and R. monzinii Pesarini & Diotti, 2012. Aside from a diagnostic description and a synoptic key, distribution data and notes on the host plants of the four species are reported. Whereas R. monzinii can be distinguished by several morphological characters, the other three species are morphologically very similar to each other and separable only by the combination of a few subtle characters. On the contrary, a preliminary molecular study revealed substantial divergences of mtCOI from 6.2 to 14.9% between the species, confirming the importance of an integrative taxonomy.  

Integrative description of five Pseudechiniscus species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae: the suillus-facettalis complex)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4763 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILENA ROSZKOWSKA ◽  
DARIA GROBYS ◽  
TOMASZ BARTYLAK ◽  
MAGDALENA GAWLAK ◽  
HANNA KMITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Species Specific

Pseudechiniscus is a morphologically homogeneous heterotardigrade genus with a relatively low number of morphological features useful for the species discrimination. The species of the Pseudechiniscus suillus-facettalis complex are some of the most challenging tardigrades to identify. Here, we examine several populations from Antarctica, Italy, Madagascar and Norway that would have most likely been attributed to Pse. suillus prior to the recent redescription of the species. Populations were analysed using integrative taxonomy—a combination of classical morphology and morphometry, as well as genetic data. Besides minute differences in dorsal sculpture and morphometry, we found clear, species-specific differences in ventral sculpture which are very useful in discrimination of Pseudechiniscus species. Based on morphology (mainly ventral sculpture) and significant genetic distances in COI and ITS-2 sequences, we describe five new species: Pse. angelusalas sp. nov. from Madagascar, Pse. dastychi sp. nov. from Antarctica, Pse. ehrenbergi sp. nov. from Italy as well as Pse. indistinctus sp. nov. and Pse. lacyformis sp. nov. from Norway. Finally, we provide an updated phylogenetic tree of the genus Pseudechiniscus based on COI sequences. 

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