scholarly journals Phylogeny and divergence estimates for the gasteruptiid wasps (Hymenoptera : Evanioidea) reveals a correlation with hosts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Parslow ◽  
John T. Jennings ◽  
Michael P. Schwarz ◽  
Mark I. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Molecular Fragments ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Divergence Estimates ◽  
Solitary Bees And Wasps

The Gasteruptiidae are an easily recognised family of wasps whose larvae are considered predator-inquilines in the nests of solitary bees and wasps. There has been minimal molecular research on the family and as a result little understanding of the evolutionary relationships within the group. We present the first molecular phylogeny focused on Gasteruptiidae, generated using three molecular fragments (mitochondrial C01 and nuclear markers EF1-α and 28s) and estimate the divergence times of Evanioidea based on three secondary calibration points. The analyses included 142 specimens of Gasteruptiidae and 5 outgroup taxa from Aulacidae and Evaniidae. The monophyly of the Gasteruptiidae and its subfamilies Gasteruptiinae (Gasteruption) and Hyptiogastrinae (Hyptiogaster and Pseudofoenus) are confirmed. Our results indicate that Evanioidea diverged during the late Jurassic at 151.3 (171.99–136.15)Ma with Evaniidae during the early Cretaceous at 137.33 (140.86–133.67)Ma, and Gasteruptiidae during the Palaeocene at 60.23 (83.78–40.02)Ma. The crown age of Hyptiogastrinae was estimated to be during the mid-Eocene 40.72 (60.9–22.57)Ma and for Gasteruption during the early Eocene at 47.46 (64.7–31.75)Ma, which corresponded to their host divergence ages. We anticipate that more extensive taxon sampling combined with the use of phylogenomic data will help resolve low support within the Gasteruption clade.

New Early Triassic coelacanth in the family Laugiidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake, British Columbia, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Wendruff ◽  
Mark V.H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Dorsal Lobe ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Asymmetry

A new Early Triassic coelacanth, Belemnocerca prolata, gen. et sp. nov., is described as a new member of the family Laugiidae. Although only one incomplete specimen is known, much can be deduced about its evolutionary relationships. In particular, the new coelacanth is most similar to one member of its family, Laugia groenlandica, in the asymmetry (dorsal lobe longer than ventral) and the gradually tapering shape of its caudal fin, though it differs in caudal fin ray count and anal fin position as well as in the size and shape of the supplementary lobe. Belemnocerca prolata is the westernmost occurrence of the family Laugiidae and only member of this family known to inhabit Panthalassa, west of the supercontinent Pangaea. The family Laugiidae has a temporal range from the Early Triassic to the Late Jurassic, and its members have been described from both Greenland and Germany.

Does better taxon sampling help? A new phylogenetic hypothesis for Sepsidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) based on 50 new taxa and the same old mitochondrial and nuclear markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Ang Shi Hui Annie ◽  
Srivathsan Amrita ◽  
Su Kathy Feng Yi ◽  
Meier Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial And Nuclear Markers

Protohemiphlebiidae fam. nov., a stem hemiphlebioid damselfly from Cretaceous amber in Kachin

2021 ◽  
pp. SP521-2020-249
Author(s):  
Daran Zheng ◽  
Edmund A. Jarzembowski ◽  
De Zhuo ◽  
André Nel
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Wing Base ◽  
New Family ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
The Family

AbstractHemiphlebiidae are the most basal lestomorphan family following the latest phylogenetic analysis of the Zygoptera: this unique damselfly family today contains one relict species found in the wetlands of Australia. It was, however, very diverse and widespread during the Mesozoic. Nevertheless, very few species were known obscuring the origination and early evolution of the family. Here we propose a new stem hemiphlebioid taxon (Protohemiphlebiidae Zheng, Jarzembowski & Nel, fam. nov.) based on a new genus and two species: Protohemiphlebia zhangi Zheng, Jarzembowski & Nel, sp. nov. and Protohemiphlebia meiyingae Zheng, Jarzembowski & Nel, sp. nov. The new family shares the characters of both Hemiphlebiidae and Coenagrionoidea, but it is more closely related to Hemiphlebiidae in having the pterostigma with a ‘star-shaped’ microsculpture, and AA originating from the wing base slightly distal of Ax0. Protohemiphlebia Zheng, Jarzembowski & Nel, gen. nov. is further considered to belong to the stem group of Hemiphlebioidea, instead of belonging to the Hemiphlebiidae, in possessing pretibial combs and a weakly kinked RP1 below the Pt-brace. The new damselflies will help to calibrate the origin of Hemiphlebiidae, which could be earlier than their current oldest records in the Kimmeridgean (Late Jurassic).

First fossil record of a nymph (Ephemeroptera, Teloganellidae) from the Indian subcontinent

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4838 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
PRIYA AGNIHOTRI ◽  
KAJAL CHANDRA ◽  
ANUMEHA SHUKLA ◽  
HUKAM SINGH ◽  
RAKESH C. MEHROTRA
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Lignite Mine ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mayfly Nymph ◽  
Modern Genus ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A fossil of a mayfly nymph that shows similarities with the modern genus Teloganella Ulmer, 1939 of the family Teloganellidae is recorded for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. It is systematically described from the Gurha lignite mine of Bikaner, Rajasthan which belongs to the Palana Formation (late Paleocene-early Eocene). As assignment of the fossil to a modern species of Teloganella is difficult due to indistinguishable location of gills in the impression, a new species, Teloganella gurhaensis Agnihotri et al., sp. nov. is instituted to include this fossil naiad resembling the extant Teloganella. 

Oldest new genus of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Green River Formation

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4337 (4) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Green River Formation ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Green River ◽  
The Family

Epignopholeon sophiae gen. et sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) is described from the early Eocene of the Green River Formation (Colorado, U.S.A.). It represents the oldest confident record of the family. The new genus is remarkable in that tergite 7 of the female is much shorter than its long sternite 7. The preserved wing venation shows that the genus belongs to the subfamily Myrmeleontinae, and most probably to the tribe Gnopholeontini. The discovery of this species is consistent with estimations of relatively dry and warm conditions during deposition of the upper Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation. 

XENOXYLON WOOD FROM LATE JURASSIC–EARLY CRETACEOUS OF GEBEL KAMIL, EGYPT

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G.M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
The Family

Three fossil woods, collected from Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous of Gebel Kâmil in southwestern Egypt, were studied anatomically, and identified as Xenoxylon saadawii sp. nov. of the family Protopinaceae.

scholarly journals Probabilistic divergence time estimation without branch lengths: dating the origins of dinosaurs, avian flight and crown birds

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 20160609 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Lloyd ◽  
D. W. Bapst ◽  
M. Friedman ◽  
K. E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Avian Flight ◽  
Time Scaling ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
The Rich

Branch lengths—measured in character changes—are an essential requirement of clock-based divergence estimation, regardless of whether the fossil calibrations used represent nodes or tips. However, a separate set of divergence time approaches are typically used to date palaeontological trees, which may lack such branch lengths. Among these methods, sophisticated probabilistic approaches have recently emerged, in contrast with simpler algorithms relying on minimum node ages. Here, using a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for Mesozoic dinosaurs, we apply two such approaches to estimate divergence times for: (i) Dinosauria, (ii) Avialae (the earliest birds) and (iii) Neornithes (crown birds). We find: (i) the plausibility of a Permian origin for dinosaurs to be dependent on whether Nyasasaurus is the oldest dinosaur, (ii) a Middle to Late Jurassic origin of avian flight regardless of whether Archaeopteryx or Aurornis is considered the first bird and (iii) a Late Cretaceous origin for Neornithes that is broadly congruent with other node- and tip-dating estimates. Demonstrating the feasibility of probabilistic time-scaling further opens up divergence estimation to the rich histories of extinct biodiversity in the fossil record, even in the absence of detailed character data.

Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the family Araucariaceae based on the DNA sequences of eight genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (15) ◽  
pp. 2648-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Liu ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
ZongXian Wei ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
QingBiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
The Family

Revision of the bizarre Mesozoic scorpionflies in the Pseudopolycentropodidae (Mecopteroidea)

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grimaldi ◽  
Alexandr Rasnitsyn ◽  
Zhang Junfeng ◽  
Nicholas Fraser
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Antennal Flagellum ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe Mesozoic family Pseudopolycentropodidae presently consists of seven described species from the mid-Triassic to the Late Jurassic of Europe and Asia. Pseudopolycentropus prolatipennis Whalley, from the Early Jurassic of England, is revised based on re-examination of the type. Four new species are described herein that add significant distributional and stratigraphic extensions to the family. Pseudopolycentropodes virginicus Grimaldi and Fraser, gen. n., sp. n. from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of Virginia USA is the first species of the family from the Western Hemisphere. Pseudopolycentropus daohugouensis Zhang, sp. n. from the Late Jurassic of China is very similar to P. latipennis Martynov, 1927 from the Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan. Four specimens belonging to two very similar species in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Burma (Myanmar), Parapolycentropus burmiticus Grimaldi and Rasnitsyn, gen. n., sp. n. and P. paraburmiticus Grimaldi and Rasnistyn, sp. n., are the only specimens of the family from the Cretaceous. The amber species are exceptional, with the hind wing reduced to a minute lobe, the antennal flagellum modified into an arista, labial palps are lost, and – like the Late Jurassic species — the laciniae and what are probably mandibles are modified into a long, stylet-like proboscis. What the species with long proboscides fed upon is ambiguous, but it was doubtfully blood. Complete preservation in amber of morphological details, particularly the female terminalia, confirms previous views that this unusual group is phylogenetically basal to Recent Mecoptera.

An old problem in a new perspective: the enigmatic evolutionary relationships of some Australian freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Sluys
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Australian Freshwater

This study addresses the uncertain phyletic status of four Australian freshwater planarians: Dugesia glandulosa (Kenk, 1930), Planaria graffi Weiss, 1909, P. hoernesi Weiss, 1909, P. boehmigi Weiss, 1909. Planaria hoernesi and P. boehmigi are redescribed on the basis of newly prepared type material. Following up on previous studies, a new phylogenetic hypothesis concerning relationships within the family Dugesiidae is developed. In view of this hypothesis, and taking into account the incomplete information on the species' morphology, it is concluded that P. graffi is best assigned to the genus Cura Strand, 1942. Reinterpretation of features in species of the current genus Romankenkius Ball, 1974 resulted in a redefinition of this genus. It is shown that in its new concept, the genus Romankenkius accommodates the species R. bilineatus Ball &Tran, 1979, R. boehmigi (Weiss, 1909), R. hoernesi (Weiss, 1909), R. glandulosus (Kenk, 1930), R. kenki Ball, 1974, R. libidinosus Sluys &Rohde, 1991, R. michaelseni (Böhmig, 1902), R. pedderensis Ball, 1974, and R. patagonicus (Borelli, 1901). The current genus Cura is restricted to the species C. pinguis (Weiss, 1909), C. foremanii (Girard, 1852), and C. graffi (Weiss, 1909).

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