scholarly journals Looking through glassfish: marine genetic structure in an estuarine species

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtenay E. Mills ◽  
Wade L. Hadwen ◽  
Jane M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
New South ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Atp8 Gene

Through the use of mitochondrial DNA (ATP8 gene), the prediction of intermediate genetic structuring was investigated in two species of estuarine glassfish (Ambassis marianus and Ambassis jacksoniensis) (Perciformes : Ambassidae) to determine the possibility of a generalised ‘estuarine’ genetic structure. Individuals were collected from estuaries in eastern Australia between Tin Can Bay (Queensland) in the north and Kempsey (New South Wales) in the south. Analysis of the haplotype frequencies found in this region suggested panmictic populations with star-like phylogenies with extremely high levels of genetic diversity, but with no correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance. Non-significant FST and ΦST suggested extensive dispersal among estuaries. However, Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS values suggest ‘mutation–genetic drift equilibrium’ has not been reached, and that population expansions occurring 262 000 (A. marianus) and 300 000 (A. jacksoniensis) years ago may obscure any phylogeographic structuring or isolation by distance. The finding of panmixia was contrary to the prediction of genetic structuring intermediate between that of marine fish (shallowly structured) and freshwater fish (highly structured), suggesting high dispersal capabilities in these species.

Crayfish bio-gastroliths from eastern Australia and the middle Cretaceous distribution of Parastacidae

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1030
Author(s):  
Phil R. Bell ◽  
Russell D. C. Bicknell ◽  
Elizabeth T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New South ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
The North ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

AbstractFossil crayfish are typically rare, worldwide. In Australia, the strictly Southern Hemisphere clade Parastacidae, while ubiquitous in modern freshwater systems, is known only from sparse fossil occurrences from the Aptian–Albian of Victoria. We expand this record to the Cenomanian of northern New South Wales, where opalized bio-gastroliths (temporary calcium storage bodies found in the foregut of pre-moult crayfish) form a significant proportion of the fauna of the Griman Creek Formation. Crayfish bio-gastroliths are exceedingly rare in the fossil record but here form a remarkable supplementary record for crayfish, whose body and trace fossils are otherwise unknown from the Griman Creek Formation. The new specimens indicate that parastacid crayfish were widespread in eastern Australia by middle Cretaceous time, occupying a variety of freshwater ecosystems from the Australian–Antarctic rift valley in the south, to the near-coastal floodplains surrounding the epeiric Eromanga Sea further to the north.

scholarly journals First photographic records of the giant manta ray Manta birostris off eastern Australia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie I. E. Couturier ◽  
Fabrice R. A. Jaine ◽  
Tom Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
New South ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
Australian Coastline ◽  
Manta Ray

We present the first photographic evidence of the presence of the giant manta ray Manta birostris in east Australian waters. Two individuals were photographed off Montague Island in New South Wales and off the north east coast of Tasmania, during summer 2012 and 2014, respectively. These sightings confirm previous unverified reports on the species occurrence and extending the range of M. birostris to 40ºS. We discuss these findings in the context of the species’ migratory ecology, the regional oceanography along the south eastern Australian coastline and local productivity events.

An Overview of The Status and Management of Rock-wallabies (Petrogale) In New South Wales.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
L. Dovey ◽  
V. Wong ◽  
P. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Recovery Program

Two species of rock-wallabies occur in New South Wales; the Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale xanthopus in the far west and the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata in the east. Both species have contracted in distribution and abundance across their former range and are threatened in NSW. The P. xanthopus population in NSW now comprises only two sub-populations. Removal of large numbers of goats, thought to be the primary threat, has not halted the wallaby's decline. Fox and cat predation is now considered the major threat. Fox control is currently being conducted. P. penicillata has undergone a dramatic and continuing decline from being common throughout south-eastern Australia to currently being extremely rare in the southern and western parts of its range and found only in isolated colonies throughout the north of its range. Predation (particularly fox, but including dog and cat), once again, is considered the major threat. A recovery program has been commenced involving the media and wider community in locating extant colonies, as well as developing and implementing Population Management Plans. This program has documented further local extinctions and extremely low numbers of individuals in colonies in the southern and western parts of the range. While no surviving colonies are known between the Shoalhaven area and the Victorian border, there remain more and larger colonies in the north of the state.

Ecotypic variation in Avena fatua L., A. sterilis L. (A. ludoviciana), and A. barbata Pott. in New South Wales and southern Queensland

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDB Whalley ◽  
JM Burfitt
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Two Samples

Some 53 samples of wild oat seeds were collected in the wheat belt of eastern Australia in an area extending from Collingulie in southern New South Wales to Dalby in Queensland and grown under uniform environmental conditions. Three species of wild oats were collected, Avena sterilis L. subsp. ludoviciana (Dur.) G. & M. mainly concentrated in the north, A. fatua L. subsp. fatua (L.) Thell. mainly concentrated in the south, and A. barbata Pott. confined to the Southern Tablelands and nearby slopes and plains. A high degree of physiological and morphological variability was evident, A. sterilis exhibiting the greatest variability and A. barbata the least. The variation was mainly local with only a suggestion of ecoclinal variation, and is probably the result of multiple introductions. The two samples of A. barbata tested exhibited a vernalization requirement for flowering and one sample of A. sterilis from the same area also gave a strong response to vernalization, but A. fatua did not.

Marine red algae of the Coffs Harbour region, northern New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJK Millar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
New South ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern

The marine benthic red algae of the Coffs Harbour region are described and illustrated in detail. The survey constitutes the first ever detailed descriptive and illustrative mainland regional monograph of any area along the entire eastern Australian seaboard. Collections made intertidally and to depths of 20 m have included 119 species in 74 genera, 26 families, and 8 orders of Rhodophyta, of which 54 (45%) were previously unrecorded from eastern Australia, 22 (18%) are new records for the whole of Australia (16 being new Southern Hemisphere records), 1 (Dictyothumnion) constitutes a new genus, and 16 (13%) are new species in the genera Gracilaria, Curdiea, Botryocladia, Dictyothamnion, Antithamnion, Ceramium, Callithumnion, Anotrichium, Nitophyllum, Phycodrys, Apoglossum, Dasya, Fernandosiphonia, and Herposiphonia. Also included are major Australian revisions of the genera Martensia and Nitophyllum, and six new combinations are proposed (Chondria infestans, Curdiea angustata, Dasya pilosa, Haraldiophyllum sinuosum, Myriogramme pulchellum, and Stenograrnme phyllophoroides). The Coffs Harbour flora, although related to the north-eastern and, to a lesser degree, southern Australian floras, has a number of species previously known only from much more remote localities, such as Japan (6 species), California (4 species), New Zealand (3 species), India (2 species), South America (2 species), the Galapagos Islands (1 species), China (1 species), South Africa (1 species), and the Mediterranean (1 species). Twelve of the 22 species newly recorded for Australia show a definite western Pacific distribution, a region with which the overall Coffs Harbour flora has strong affinities.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Natural Populations of Wild Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) in Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dry ◽  
JJ Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
New South ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fixation Indices ◽  
O 19 ◽  
Isozyme Diversity

The genetic structure of 11 wild populations of H. annuus occurring in New South Wales and Queensland was determined by isozyme analysis. Considerable isozyme diversity was found among loci within and between populations, with three to five alleles being identified at each of 10 loci. Mean levels of heterozygosity ranged from o� 19 to O� 38 and gene diversity values from 0�29 to O� 52. In all populations Wright's fixation indices were positive (0�09-0� 51) suggesting a degree of inbreeding. Differences in the level of genetic differentiation between populations were not correlated with geographic distance. Indeed, notable genetic diversity was detected between six sites occurring within a 2-km radius of Gunnedah, N.S.W., where the genetic distance relationships were D = 0�13 � 0'08, the same as those between popUlations throughout the region.

scholarly journals First photographic records of the giant manta ray Manta birostris off eastern Australia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydie I. E. Couturier ◽  
Fabrice R. A. Jaine ◽  
Tom Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
New South ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
Australian Coastline ◽  
Manta Ray

We present the first photographic evidence of the presence of the giant manta ray Manta birostris in east Australian waters. Two individuals were photographed off Montague Island in New South Wales and off the north east coast of Tasmania, during summer 2012 and 2014, respectively. These sightings confirm previous unverified reports on the species occurrence and extending the range of M. birostris to 40ºS. We discuss these findings in the context of the species’ migratory ecology, the regional oceanography along the south eastern Australian coastline and local productivity events.

scholarly journals Patterns of genetic structuring at the northern limits of the Australian smelt (Retropinna semoni) cryptic species complex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rakeb-Ul Islam ◽  
Daniel J Schmidt ◽  
David A Crook ◽  
Jane M Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
River Population ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Eastern Australia

Freshwater fishes often exhibit high genetic population structure due to the prevalence of dispersal barriers (e.g., waterfalls) whereas population structure in diadromous fishes tends to be weaker and driven by natal homing behaviour and/or isolation by distance. The Australian smelt (Retropinninae: Retropinna semoni) is a facultatively diadromous fish with a broad distribution spanning inland and coastal drainages of south-eastern Australia. Previous studies have demonstrated variability in population genetic structure and movement behaviour (potamodromy, facultative diadromy, estuarine residence) across the southern part of its geographic range. Some of this variability may be explained by the existence of multiple cryptic species. Here, we examined genetic structure of populations at the northern extent of the species’ distribution, using ten microsatellite loci and sequences of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. We tested the hypothesis that connectivity among rivers should be low due to a lack of dispersal via the marine environment, but high within rivers due to potamodromous behaviour. We investigated populations corresponding with two putative cryptic species, the South East Queensland (SEQ), and Central East Queensland (CEQ) lineages. In agreement with our hypothesis, highly significant overall FST values suggested that both groups exhibit very low dispersal among rivers (SEQ FST = 0.13; CEQ FST = 0.30). The two putative cryptic species, formed monophyletic clades in the mtDNA gene tree and among river phylogeographic structure was also evident within clades. Microsatellite data indicated that connectivity among sites within rivers was also limited, suggesting potamodromous behaviour does not homogenise populations at the within-river scale. Overall, northern groups in the smelt cryptic species exhibit higher among-river population structure and smaller geographic ranges than southern groups. These properties make northern Australian smelt populations potentially susceptible to future conservation threats, and we define eight genetically distinct management units to guide future conservation management.

Spatial analysis of microgeographic genetic structure in Richardson's ground squirrels

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1187-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira J. van Staaden ◽  
Gail R. Michener ◽  
Ronald K. Chesser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

Local genetic structure has a sound theoretical basis, yet empirical demonstration in animal species has proved elusive, even in apparently ideal candidate species. Techniques based on the distribution of individual genotypes may offer a more complete picture of population structure than traditional measures focusing on isolation by distance and dispersal behavior. We used spatial autocorrelation and contiguous clustering to identify structure in a population of Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) for which deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations indicated population subdivision. Nonrandom aggregates of genotypes were detected at five of six enzyme loci examined and selection at one locus. Genetic structuring was highly sex-dependent, being prominent only among females. Isolation by distance cannot account for the patterns of gene diversity observed, but Mantel matrix procedures of inter-individual distance based on demographic–behavioral characteristics and geographic distance were significantly associated. Social and breeding systems of S. richardsonii lead to significant local substructure. While philopatry alone may not account for fine-scale genetic structure in small mammals with sex-biased dispersal, nonrandom aggregates will be detected if appropriate social models and rigorous sampling criteria are adopted. Identification of such localized structure remains fundamental to understanding evolutionary models of population genetic structure and sociality.

Status of introduced parasites of Queensland fruit fly (Strumeta tryoni), 1960–1962

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Snowball ◽  
RG Lukins
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
The North ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

The paper describes fruit sampling carried out in eastern Australia during January 1960–March 1962 to assess the status of parasites of the oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis) liberated in Australia during 1956–1959 against the Queensland fruit fly (Strumeta tryoni). Opius oophilus was the only introduced parasite extant on the mainland in 1962, parasitizing up to 78% of the host fly stages in Averrhoa carambola in north Queensland and 0–35% in other fruit types. O. oophilus was well established in north Queensland at five localities near Cairns and two near Innisfail, and less well established at three localities near the Queensland–New South Wales border. It had died out during 1960 from two localities further south in New South Wales in which it had been well established since late 1958. O. oophilus was present on Lord Howe Island from October 1959 to March 1961 but died out subsequently. O. longicaudatus was extant in low numbers on the island in 1962. Under Australian conditions Opius oophilus mated satisfactorily. The parasite was able to utilize as hosts fruit flies of the following species: Strumeta barringtoniae, S. cacuminata, S. humeralis, S. tryoni, and possibly Afrodacus jarvisi and S. kraussi, but preferences could not be measured with available techniques. Although it was reared from a total of 14 types of fruits, O. oophilus displayed marked discrimination between fruits, but the preferences varied with season and locality. The most consistent preference was for Averrhoa carambola in north Queensland. O. oophilus showed no preference for operating in the more highly infested fruits of any of the six fruit types tested. The maximum dispersal recorded of a population of O. oophilus from a liberation site was 5 miles, 46 months after establishment. A review of climatic factors indicated that winter temperatures of 60°F or less were unfavourable to the persistence of O. oophilus. The presence of O. oophilus was not associated with a reduction in the degree of infestation of fruits. It is suggested that this is contributed to in the north, where climatic conditions for the parasites are favourable, ,by the presence of abundant fruits which are infested by Dacinae but not favoured by the parasite.

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