Abundance, site fidelity and range patterns of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in two Australian subtropical estuaries

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Fury ◽  
Peter L. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Tursiops Aduncus ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Abundance Estimates

Bottlenose dolphins are widely studied in marine habitats, but information on estuarine populations is very limited. The present study provides the first published data on bottlenose dolphins in Australian estuaries. Abundance estimates, site fidelity and individual ranging patterns were examined over a 3-year period for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) inhabiting the Clarence River (CR) and Richmond River (RR) estuaries in northern New South Wales, Australia. Mark–recapture analyses estimated 71 (62–81 95% CI) dolphins utilised the CR whereas 34 (19–49 95% CI) used the RR. Differences in site fidelity were observed between the estuaries, with 60% and 37% of identified dolphins determined as residents, 26% and 21% as occasional visitors and 14% and 42% as transients for the CR and RR respectively. Resource partitioning was apparent in both estuaries with the mean distance resident dolphins were found upstream from the river mouth being greater than occasional visitors and transients. The Clarence River sustains a larger, predominantly resident dolphin community compared with the Richmond River, which supports a relatively small dolphin community with lower site fidelity. Management of future increased anthropogenic disturbances is needed to ensure the long-term survival of these dolphin populations.

scholarly journals Parenteral Nutrition and Oxidant Load in Neonates

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Kandeepan Karthigesu ◽  
Robert F. Bertolo ◽  
Robert J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Short Term Survival

Neonates with preterm, gastrointestinal dysfunction and very low birth weights are often intolerant to oral feeding. In such infants, the provision of nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) becomes necessary for short-term survival, as well as long-term health. However, the elemental nutrients in PN can be a major source of oxidants due to interactions between nutrients, imbalances of anti- and pro-oxidants, and environmental conditions. Moreover, neonates fed PN are at greater risk of oxidative stress, not only from dietary sources, but also because of immature antioxidant defences. Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. This narrative review of published data provides insight to oxidant molecules generated in PN, nutrient sources of oxidants, and measures to minimize oxidant levels.

Assessing variation in assemblages of large marine fauna off ocean beaches using drones

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan P. Kelaher ◽  
Andrew P. Colefax ◽  
Alejandro Tagliafico ◽  
Melanie J. Bishop ◽  
Anna Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Marine Wildlife

The turbulent waters off ocean beaches provide habitat for large marine fauna, including dolphins, sharks, rays, turtles and game fish. Although, historically, these assemblages have proven difficult to quantify, we used a new drone-based approach to assess spatial and temporal variation in assemblages of large marine fauna off four exposed beaches in New South Wales, Australia. In total, 4388 individual large marine animals were identified from 216 drone flights. The most common taxa, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) and Australian cownose rays (Rhinoptera neglecta), occurred in 25.5 and 19.9% of flights respectively. White (Carcharodon carcharias), bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and other whaler (Carcharhinus spp.) sharks were observed in <1% of flights. There was significant variation in the structure of assemblages of large fauna among beaches, with those adjacent to riverine estuaries having greater richness and abundance of wildlife. Overall, drone surveys were successful in documenting the spatio-temporal dynamics of an impressive suite of large marine fauna. We contend that emerging drone technology can make a valuable contribution to the ecological information required to ensure the long-term sustainability of sandy-beach ecosystems and associated marine wildlife.

Inshore and offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) communities distinguished by association patterns near Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A Rossbach ◽  
Denise L Herzing
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Simple Ratio ◽  
Water Depths

Little is known about the behavior of offshore dolphin populations. Our purpose was to distinguish and describe stable social groups of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) between inshore and offshore West End, Grand Bahama Island (26°42'N, 79°00'W). Photoidentification was conducted from May to September, 1994 to 1996. A simple ratio index described association patterns between dolphins. Multidimensional scaling of association indices (n = 1711 dolphin pairs) distinguished two dolphin communities consisting of 28 dolphins (19 of known sex) found inshore and 15 dolphins (12 of known sex) found greater than or equal to 27 km offshore. Eight of the 15 offshore dolphins were opportunistically photographed in the same region between 1986 and 1990. The two communities were found at different water depths (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01), over distinct bottom types (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.01), and used different bottom-foraging strategies. Long-term site fidelity of up to 10 years and repeated dolphin associations of up to 8 years occurred greater than or equal to 27 km from shore. Dolphins sighted greater than or equal to 15 times averaged 48 associates (SD = 11, n = 28). A dolphin's closest associate was of the same gender 74% of the time. This study is the first to report long-term site fidelity and association patterns of bottlenose dolphins found far from shore.

scholarly journals Cetacean mortality due to interactions with fisheries and marine litter ingestion in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea from 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Martina Đuras ◽  
◽  
Ana Galov ◽  
Kim Korpes ◽  
Magdalena Kolenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Fisheries Interactions

Various anthropogenic threats negatively influence the survival of cetaceans in all world seas. Thanks to a long-running marine mammal surveillance program, we are able to report the results of a detailed analysis of the influence of cetacean-fisheries interactions and marine litter ingestion on cetacean mortality in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea over the last three decades. The total number of dead cetaceans was 459, and included 334 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), 40 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), ten Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus), six Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) and four fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Three hundred of them were examined postmortally. Cetacean-fisheries interaction occurred frequently in the Adriatic Sea, being detected in 96 (20.9%) of the recorded cases. Bycatch was the most abundant cetacean-fisheries interaction, with 66 (14.4%) cases recorded. Good nutritional condition and evidence of recent feeding were the most common findings recorded in bycatch cases, followed by persistent froth in the airways, edematous lungs, bruises and an amputated fluke or tail. Cetacean-fisheries interactions other than bycatch affected 30 animals and included larynx strangulations, long-term tail entanglement and fishing gear in the stomach. Ingestion of marine litter that was not related to fisheries was recorded in four animals. This study reveals the considerable negative anthropogenic influence on cetaceans in the Adriatic Sea, especially the bottlenose dolphin that is considered to be the most numerous cetacean species therein, and demonstrates the need for the urgent development of a cetacean bycatch reduction program. Finally, it also shows the importance of sustaining national surveillance programs to gain scientifically based knowledge important for cetacean protection and prospects for their long-term survival.

scholarly journals WildCountry

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Reserve System

REGARDLESS of the merits and values of individual national parks and nature reserves, Australia's conservation reserves do not ensure the survival of the continent's biota. There are many reasons for this. Reserves, even the largest, are too small and vulnerable to broad area disturbance. Consider that, in January 2003, fires burnt more than two-thirds of Kosciuszko National Park, which at 690 000 ha is the largest park in New South Wales and one of the largest in Australia. This shows how even the largest conservation reserves are at risk of catastrophic disturbance. The much smaller Nadgee Nature Reserve (21 000 ha) in southeastern New South Wales has burnt almost in its entirety twice in the 35 years I have worked there. The Nadgee fires and those in Kosciuszko were started by lightning and were the result of prolonged drought, events common across the continent. When small size is coupled with isolation, the long-term survival of populations and the exchange of propagules within the reserve system becomes problematical. Small size and isolation do not leave much scope for plants and animals to adapt to long-term climate change, either through dispersal or by evolution. Even reserving 10 or 15% of land for nature conservation, as recommended by some international conservation agencies, will be inadequate; a target of 30% would have better ecological credentials, but even this could prove inadequate unless the nature conservation reserve system was designed to allow for long-term evolutionary change, which it is not (see Archer 2002; Recher 2002a,b).

The effect of familiarity and mound condition in translocations of the western pebble-mound mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Anstee ◽  
Kyle Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Burrow System ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Conservation Of Endangered Species

Translocations play an important role in the conservation of endangered species, and successful translocations are dependent on research into their response to such manipulations. The development of Hamersley Iron’s Yandi Iron Ore Project in the Pilbara region of Western Australia provided a unique opportunity to study the response of the western pebble-mound mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, to translocation. The translocation tested the effect of levels of individual familiarity within translocation groups on translocation success. A key part of the translocation involved the use of competent burrow systems in empty mounds. Success was measured by comparing the long-term survival, reproductive activity and site fidelity between treatments. Of 101 mice translocated, 65% were recaptured at least once post-release. Both the translocated and resident non-translocated groups had experienced a significant loss of individuals after 35 days; however, estimates of rates of survival after 176 days had increased to levels equivalent to those immediately following release. Eight mice were recaptured at, or close to, their points of release 6 months post-release. Reproductive activity was recorded in 13 of the 29 (44%) translocated females recaptured post-release, which was equivalent to that observed in non-translocated mice. Familiarity within translocation groups did not appear to affect translocation success as all treatments had similar rates of survival. This study demonstrated that successful translocations of P. chapmani are possible given a competent burrow system.

IMMU-26. SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PVSRIPO IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA: LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP AND INITIAL MULTICENTER RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi97-vi97
Author(s):  
Annick Desjardins ◽  
Matthias Gromeier ◽  
Henry Friedman ◽  
Daniel Landi ◽  
Allan Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
External Control ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Abstract BACKGROUND Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is rapidly fatal (median overall survival [mOS] of ~9 months; OS at 12 months [OS12] &lt; 35%) with approved therapies (lomustine±bevacizumab). PVSRIPO is an intratumoral immunotherapy targeting CD155 on antigen-presenting and malignant cells of solid tumors. Preclinically, PVSRIPO delivers a systemic, tumor antigen-specific, polyfunctional T-cell mediated anti-tumor response. Interim, single-center, phase (Ph) 1 results showed greater long-term survival with PVSRIPO vs. criteria-matched external control rGBM patients (Desjardins 2018). Updates to Ph1 safety (at the Ph2 dose) and efficacy and interim multicenter (Ph2) results are presented. METHODS Adults with histologically-confirmed rGBM, Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70, and an active, supratentorial, contrast-enhancing lesion (1-5.5cm) received PVSRIPO (5x107 TCID50) intratumorally via convection-enhanced delivery on Day 1, with a planned follow-up of 24 months. Safety (treatment-emergent adverse events [TEAEs]), efficacy (reported as OS12, OS24, mOS), and blood/tissue were assessed. RESULTS 149 patients (&gt;90% with 1-2 prior progressions, including failure of SOC and patients with prior bevacizumab failure) received the Ph2 dose of PVSRIPO (n=30 received other doses in Ph1 with safety summarized previously). Follow-up durations for surviving patients were 51-74 months (Ph1) and 10-44 months (Ph2). No dose-limiting toxicities occurred; up to 97% of patients experienced mostly grade 1-2 related TEAEs; ≤ 23% patients experienced grade ≥ 3 related events. Neurologic symptoms related to peritumoral edema were most common ( &gt; 90% patients) and were effectively managed with low-dose bevacizumab/corticosteroids. Survival estimates were: OS12: 54%, 50%; OS24: 18%, 17%; mOS: 12.3 (95% CI 10,15.3), 12 (10.6,13.7) months, for the Ph1 and Ph2 trials, respectively. Baseline correlates of longer survival included smaller lesions and methylated MGMT-promoter status. CONCLUSIONS The multicenter/Ph2 study replicated the single-center/Ph1 results. Relative to published data with approved therapies, PVSRIPO was associated with greater long-term survival and mOS in patients with rGBM and was generally well-tolerated.

scholarly journals The patient needing prolonged mechanical ventilation: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolino Ambrosino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Term Survival

Background: Progress in management has improved hospital mortality of patients admitted to the intensive care units, but also the prevalence of those patients needing weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation, and of ventilator assisted individuals. The result is a number of difficult clinical and organizational problems for patients, caregivers and health services, as well as high human and financial resources consumption, despite poor long-term outcomes. An effort should be made to improve the management of these patients. This narrative review summarizes the main concepts in this field. Main body: There is great variability in terminology and definitions of prolonged mechanical ventilation. There have been several recent developments in the field of prolonged weaning: ventilatory strategies, use of protocols, early mobilisation and physiotherapy, specialised weaning units. There are few published data on discharge home rates, need of home mechanical ventilation, or long-term survival of these patients. Whether artificial nutritional support improves the outcome for these chronic critically ill patients, is unclear and controversial how these data are reported on the optimal time of initiation of parenteral vs enteral nutrition. There is no consensus on time of tracheostomy or decannulation. Despite several individualized, non-comparative and non-validated decannulation protocols exist, universally accepted protocols are lacking as well as randomised controlled trials on this critical issue. End of life decisions should result from appropriate communication among professionals, patients and surrogates and national legislations should give clear indications. Conclusion: Present medical training of clinicians and locations like traditional intensive care units do not appear enough to face the dramatic problems posed by these patients. The solutions cannot be reserved to professionals but must involve also families and all other stakeholders. Large multicentric, multinational studies on several aspects of management are needed.

scholarly journals Long-term site fidelity and residency patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Tramandaí Estuary, southern Brazil

10.5597/00224 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Baron Di Giacomo ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ott
Keyword(s):  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Average Observation ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The occurrence of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Tramandaí Estuary, southern Brazil, is described based on a photo-identification study conducted between January 2009 and February 2010. A total of 128 survey days were conducted with an average observation effort of 2.6 hours per day (SD = 0.6). Approximately 2050 photographs were taken from a shore land location at the mouth of the estuary. A total of nine dolphins were identified, including three calves. The dolphins were observed during all seasons, with a greater frequency during fall (79.3% of the days) and winter (60.7% of the days). The summer presented the lowest occurrence (2.4% of the days) of dolphins. During the entire study period, the maximum number of individuals sighted in any given day ranged from one to seven (average = 2.8 dolphins; SD = 1.35; n = 51). The residence indices, based on the resighting frequency of dolphins during the study period, ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 (average = 0.13; SD = 0.08; n = 9). However, most of the animals (67%) were resighted in over five months during a year and could be classified as residents. Longterm site fidelity was detected by resightings of four dolphins for over 18 years. These data combined reinforce the importance of the Tramandaí Estuary for the common bottlenose dolphins in the region and highlight the need for local conservation efforts to guarantee the long-term persistence of these coastal populations.

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