Selenium bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Lake Wallace, New South Wales, Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Jasonsmith ◽  
W. Maher ◽  
A.C. Roach ◽  
F. Krikowa
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New South ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Epiphytic Algae ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Cooling Reservoir ◽  
Fish Spawning

Selenium concentrations were measured in water, sediments and organisms inhabiting a freshwater coal power station cooling reservoir. Se concentrations found were: water, 1.9 ± 2 μg L–1; sediment, 7 ± 1 μg g–1; phytoplankton, 3.4 μg g–1; zooplankton, 5.3 μg g–1; epiphytic algae, 1.3 ± 0.2 μg g–1; benthic algae, 8 ± 2 μg g–1; macrophyte leaves, 2.7–2.8 μg g–1; macrophyte roots, 0.5–6.5 μg g–1; detritus, 10 μg g–1; Oligochaeta, 11 μg g–1; Corbiculidae, 1.1 μg g–1; Insects, 3.7–8.3 μg g–1; Gastropoda, 3.2 μg g–1; Crustacea, 3.1–6 μg g–1; whole fish, 2.2–13 μg g–1; and fish liver, 134–314 μg g–1. Bioconcentration factors were similar to those found in aquatic ecosystems with comparable Se concentrations in the water column. A food web was constructed with four main food chains (phytoplankton, epiphytic algae, benthic algae and sediment/detrital), with fish fed from multiple pathways. Biomagnification only occurs along food chains for flathead gudgeons and rainbow trout. Se concentrations in food sources were above the 3 μg g–1 dietary Se level considered to induce teratogenesis in fish spawning. Flathead gudgeons were found to be suffering teratogenesis and rainbow trout showed no evidence of teratogenesis.

Diet and growth of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in two streams on the New England Tableland, New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
RWJ Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
South Wales

The diets and growth rates of rainbow trout in the Wollomombi and Guy Fawkes Rivers in northern New South Wales were examined. The growth rate of trout in the Wollomombi River was much higher than that of fish in the Guy Fawkes River. Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated that stream type was more important than fish size in determining the composition of the diet of the trout. Benthic invertebrates formed the largest component of the diet in both streams: 66.0 and 63.0% of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) in the Wollomombi River and the Guy Fawkes River, respectively. Trout in the Wollomombi River consumed more nektonic prey (33.3% of AFDW) than fish in the Guy Fawkes River (3.7% of AFDW). In contrast, surface food (aquatic imagines and terrestrial insects) made up a much higher proportion of the diet of trout in the Guy Fawkes River (33.9% of AFDW) than in the Wollomombi River (0.6% of AFDW). Crayfish were a major component of the diet (in terms of AFDW) in both streams, their proportions increasing with fish size. The significance of crayfish in relation to fish growth is discussed.

Repeat Homing of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales, Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. J. Tilzey
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
New South ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
External Form

Spawning runs of lentic-dwelling brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) in Swamp Creek, an inlet of Lake Eucumbene, were studied for 4 consecutive yr, and 3517 browns and 415 rainbows were tagged during 1968–70. A further 240 browns and 229 rainbows were marked in other inlets. Recaptures of marked browns in 1969 and 1970 showed a high incidence of repeat homing, up to 25.7 and 10.6% returning after 12 and 24 mo, respectively. Few rainbow trout homed. Tag loss and the mortality and maturation of marked browns were estimated and percentage homing and straying in 1969, 1970 and 1971 was calculated. High percentage homing [Formula: see text] in 1969–70 and the variance in external form in the lentic population suggested some genetic isolation within the brown trout population. Homing ability was not influenced by fish age. Percentage homing fell markedly in 1971 after the removal of nearly all resident brown trout from Swamp Creek and suggested racially distinct stream trout populations to be an important navigational cue to homing brown trout. Key words: repeat homing, Salmo trutta, homing frequency, navigation, racial cue, Australia

Growth and age validation of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)' in Lake Eucumbene, NSW

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
New South ◽  
Age Validation ◽  
Scale Reading ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Second Year

Growth rates of finclipped rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) released into Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales, at an age of 0+ years were examined for each year between 1986 and 1988. Traps and nets yielded significant numbers of marked fish for validation of age estimation and length backcalculation from scale reading. Poor recognition of the marks by anglers was confirmed, indicating that survival of the fish was higher than was implied by angling returns. The diffuse nature of the second annulus in scales provided initial difficulty in ageing, particularly because of a similarly diffuse false check formed during the second year. Care was required in separating the annuli after asymptotic growth was reached (3 years), Growth rates in Lake Eucumbene were comparable with those found in studies in Tasmania and Victoria. Back-calculated lengths were in agreement with those from fish of known ages. The presence of finclipped fish aged 2 + and 3 + years in a spawning population confirmed that stocked fish contributed to the spawning stocks. The study reconfirms the importance of validation of ageing techniques in fisheries investigations.

Ecology of Botany Bay. II. Aspects of the Feeding Ecology of the Fanbellied Leatherjacket, Monacanthus chinensis (Pisces : Monacanthidae), in Pisidonia australis Seagrass Beds in Quibray Bay, Botany Bay, New South Wales

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Conacher ◽  
WJR Lanzing ◽  
AWD Larkum
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Epiphytic Algae ◽  
Food Items ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
14C Labelling ◽  
Tide Height

The fanbellied leatherjacket, M. chinensis, was found to ingest fresh seagrass as a major part of its diet. Other important food items were gammarid amphipods, carid shrimps and several species of epiphytic algae. All food items were of seagrass bed origin. Microscopic examination of gut contents suggested that seagrass and algae did not appear to be digested by the fish, but 14C-labelling of the plants showed that significant amounts of the labile carbon compounds were removed and assimilated during digestion. The fanbellied leatherjacket was found to feed in the seagrass beds during the day, probably relying on eyesight for detecting food. Variations in tide height did not seem to affect their feeding pattern. The amounts of seagrass, algae, amphipods and shrimps removed by M. chinensis in Quibray Bay were calculated and compared with the availability of each of these foods. Grazing by M. chinensis had little effect on seagrass and algae production rates and standing crops, but probably had a significant influence on carid shrimp and amphipod populations.

Life history, food and habitat of southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis, in the Macquarie River, Tasmania

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
New South ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fish Spawning

The reproductive biology, age, growth, food and habitat of Nannoperca australis are described from samples collected from fringing macrophyte beds of the Macquarie River, Tasmania. Comparisons are made with the same species at Narrandera in New South Wales and other nannopercids, mainly in south-western Australia. Nannoperca australis spawned at the end of its first year, predominantly between October and December, inclusive. The peak mean gonadosomatic index of males occurred in August at 8.0 and that of females two months later at 11.5. The largest oocytes, of running-ripe females collected in October and December, were 1.15 mm in diameter. Fecundities ranged from 78 for a 1-year-old 37-mm fish to 679 for a 2-year-old 63-mm fish. Spawning is presumed to occur in the macrophyte habitat, since adults did not emigrate from these areas at this time. Otoliths and length-frequency histograms indicated that populations were dominated by 0+ fish. Amphipods and ostracods predominated in the guts of N. australis and prey items were mostly either benthic invertebrates or plant epifauna. Plankton was consumed by small fish in greater quantities than by larger fish, whereas the opposite was true for benthic and epifaunal prey. Fish were virtually always associated with aquatic macrophytes and almost always with shallow, still water.

scholarly journals Monitoring the changes to the nutrient composition of fast foods following the introduction of menu labelling in New South Wales, Australia: an observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndal Wellard-Cole ◽  
David Goldsbury ◽  
Michelle Havill ◽  
Clare Hughes ◽  
Wendy L Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the energy (kilojoule) content of Australian fast-food menu items over seven years, before and after introduction of menu board labelling, to determine the impact of the introduction of the legislation.DesignAnalysis of the median energy contents per serving and per 100g of fast-food menu items. Change in energy content of menu items across the years surveyed and differences in energy content of standard and limited-time only menu items were analysed.SettingFive of Australia’s largest fast food chains: Hungry Jack’s, KFC, McDonald’s, Oporto and Red Rooster.SubjectsAll standard and limited-time only menu items available at each fast-food chain, collected annually for seven years, 2009–2015.ResultsAlthough some fast-food chains/menu item categories had significant increases in the energy contents of their menus at some time points during the 7-year period, overall there were no significant or systematic decreases in energy following the introduction of menu labelling (P=0·19 by +17 kJ/100 g, P=0·83 by +8 kJ/serving). Limited-time only items were significantly higher in median energy content per 100 g than standard menu items (+74 kJ/100 g, P=0·002).ConclusionsWhile reformulation across the entire Australian fast-food supply has the potential to positively influence population nutrient intake, the introduction of menu labelling legislation in New South Wales, Australia did not lead to reduced energy contents across the five fast-food chains. To encourage widespread reformulation by the fast-food industry and enhance the impact of labelling legislation, the government should work with industry to set targets for reformulation of nutrient content.

Role of the crayfish Cherax destructor clark as food for trout in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Faragher
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
South Wales

The freshwater crayfish C. destructor was a major dietary item for brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and rainbow trout, S. gairdneri Richardson, in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales. The incidence of crayfish in the diet increased, particularly in brown trout, over the period 1972-1977. The proportion of the trout's diet comprising C. destructor increased with length of brown trout but not with length of rainbow trout. The size of crayfish ingested was postively correlated with fish length for both species of trout, although rainbow trout tended to ingest smaller crayfish than brown trout of equivalent size. Analysis of the crayfish's diet revealed predominantly plant material. Spawning by the crayfish was apparently confined to the period December-April. The abundance of C. destructor in Lake Eucumbene was apparently low until about 1970 but increased between 1972-1977. A decline in the average size of brown and rainbow trout in the angler catch occurred from 1959-1960 until 1977-1978. Hypotheses are suggested for the increase of the crayfish population since impoundment of the lake (1957). Factors considered include predation by trout and the biology of the crayfish, particularly related to its occurrence in this lake, which has fluctuating water levels and a short season suitable for growth and spawning.

Feeding Ecology of Three Sympatric Species of Leatherjackets (Pisces : Monacanthidae) from a Posidonia Seagrass Habitat in New South Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Bell ◽  
JJ Burchmore ◽  
DA Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Seagrass Habitat ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Epiphytic Algae ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Animal Material

Three species of leatherjackets, Monacanthus chinensis, Meuschenia freycineti and Meuschenia trachylepis, averaged 34% of the total biomass and 27% of the total numbers of fishes in a Posidonia australis seagrass habitat near Sydney. Monacanthus chinensis was dominant, comprising 22% of the total biomass and 18% of the total numbers in this fish community. All three species were omnivorous, consuming considerable amounts of seagrass and algae as well as animal material. However, only the encrusting fauna and epiphytic algae of the seagrass appeared to be actually digested. Other foods of all three species included hydroids, molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes. Meuschenia freycineti consumed the largest quantities (65%) of seagrass, Monacanthus chinensis consumed the largest amount (40%) and greatest variety of animal foods, and Meuschenia trachylepis took the smallest quantity (12%) and number of animal foods and the greatest amount (55 %) of algae. All three species were found to be highly dependent on the encrusting fauna, epi- phytic algae and other epifauna and infauna of this seagrass habitat, and the importance of preserving Posidonia beds is therefore stressed.

Comparative exploitation exploitation by recreational anglers of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Faragher ◽  
GNG Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

Exploitation rates of syrnpatric brown trout and rainbow trout in Lake Eucumbene, New South Wales, were estimated from a tagging study. Tag returns were analysed by applying a non-linear regression method. Tag loss was estimated from a concurrent double tagging study using a maximum likelihood method. No significant difference at the 5% level was found between the rates of tag loss of the two species. The annual exploitation rate for rainbow trout was 26.7% (95% confidence interval 24.2- 29.2%) and was significantly less for brown trout, 8.8% (95% confidence interval 4.2-13.5%).

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