Modeling Repressive Policing: Computational Analysis of Protocols from the Israeli State Commission of Inquiry into the October 2000 Events

This article addresses the gap between normative expectations of the right to protest in liberal democracies and the continued practice of repressive protest policing. The empirical literature has identified three types of factors explaining repressive policing: macro- or societal-level factors, meso-level factors relating to the police organization, and micro-level factors pertaining to specific events. Yet these factors provide only a fragmented understanding of the phenomenon. In this article, we put forward a novel three-tiered methodology of scaled reading, which is able to examine all these explanations together. We use scaled reading to analyze the protocols of the Or Commission of Inquiry, which investigated lethal clashes between the Israeli police and Israel’s Arab minority in October 2000. Through large-scale algorithmic topic modeling, we found that all types of empirical explanations of repressive policing co-exist within the October events. The mid-scale analysis revealed that no type of explanation exclusively belongs to a specific group of actors. The small-scale reading of the most representative documents for each topic demonstrated that this coexistence of mechanisms is also present within single testimonies. Together, our findings challenge existing empirical categories and illuminate repressive policing as a nonlinear, nonbinary, noncausal, and nonunitary phenomenon. These insights help make sense of the phenomenon’s persistence in deeply divided societies.

Speculating on the liberal arts: Exploring possible futures for humanities education

The article draws on concepts from speculative design to explore an alternative educational group existing outside the boundaries of an accredited university. Inspired by the imaginative approach of speculative design, I propose a small-scale reading and discussion group as a pathway to explore possible futures open to aspects of humanities education. The concept aims to reposition elements of the humanities from within the degree-granting Canadian university space to engage the wider public through a network meant to ideally foster an interconnected community of learners. This rhizomatic network would provide avenues for those without the means, access, or desire to pursue post-secondary education in the humanities to engage in questions that are relevant to their lived experience. I use an inquiry-based model of learning to explore probable, plausible, and preferable futures for liberal arts education as a way to challenge some current modes of thinking and provoke further discussion and research.

Multiple Correlation of Reading Perception and Reading Interest to Reading Habit during the Pandemic Covid-19 in the Junior High School

There are still many students who have low reading comprehension. This is because students are less interested in reading. In addition, students also do not have the habit of reading, which affects students’ abilities. This study aims to analyze the dual relationship between reading perception, reading interest, and students’ reading habits during the Covid-19 pandemic. EFL learning is carried out through an online platform, namely Google Classroom. The population of this study was the seventh-grade students who found 70 students. The design used is a quantitative research design. Data was collected using the Reading Perception Scale, Reading Interest Scale, and Reading Habits Scale. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Multiple Correlations from a combination of predictor variables and criteria. The results showed that the students’ reading perception was moderate; moderate reading interest; sensible reading habits; and four the double correlation of reading perception and reading interest on reading habits proved to have a significant and high positive correlation (R = 0.851 with = 0.01). This research implies that students need to improve their reading experience, reading motivation, time spent reading, and frequent reading activities. This also has implications for EFL teachers to provide learning materials and appropriate learning approaches/methods/techniques in reading skills.

Effect of the Perception of Knee Pain on Muscle Strength and Endurance among Elite Female Handball Players

Objectives This study aimed to examine the effect of knee pain perception on muscle strength and endurance among elite female handball players. Methods This study included 60 handball players who participated in training and competition from January to December 2019. Muscle strength, endurance, and hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee were estimated using Computer Sports Medicine, INC (Cybex, HUMAC, USA). The independent samples t-test was used for inter-group comparison. The Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analyses were used to assess associations among the variables and identify factors affecting pain perception, respectively. Results No significant differences in knee muscle strength, endurance of both the flexor and extensor muscles, and muscle strength (hamstring/quadriceps ratio) were noted between the high and low groups. However, the ratio of muscle endurance of the flexor and extensor of the knee in the high group was significantly lower than that in the low group. Furthermore, pain was found to correlate only with muscle endurance (hamstring/quadriceps ratio). The pain scale reading increased by 1. Moreover, muscle endurance ratio of the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee decreased by 3.07. Conclusion Muscle endurance (hamstring/quadriceps ratio) of the flexor and extensor muscles, classified based on an average pain scale, differed between the high and low groups. These results can aid in development of rehabilitation and exercise programs for players involved in handball and similar sports in the future.

Conductors’ tempo choices shed light over Beethoven’s metronome

During most part of Western classical music history, tempo, the speed of music, was not specified, for it was considered obvious from musical context. Only in 1815, Maelzel patented the metronome. Beethoven immediately embraced it, so much as to add tempo marks to his already published eight symphonies. However, these marks are still under dispute, as many musicians consider them too quick to be played and even unmusical, whereas others claim them as Bethoven’s supposedly written will. In this work, we develop a methodology to extract and analyze the performed tempi from 36 complete symphonic recordings by different conductors. Our results show that conductor tempo choices reveal a systematic deviation from Beethoven’s marks, which highlights the salience of “correct tempo” as a perceptive phenomenon shaped by cultural context. The hasty nature of these marks could be explained by the metronome’s ambiguous scale reading point, which Beethoven probably misinterpreted.

CORRELATION AMONG READING INTEREST, READING SELF-EFFICACY, AND READING COMPETENCY IN THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

The current research objectives were to describe and to relate the students’ reading interest, reading self-efficacy to their reading competency in the Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 8 Singaraja. The subject were the students in the eight-grade students. This research was designed a quantitative research. The data were gathered using reading interest scale, reading self-efficacy scale, and objective reading competency test. The obtained data were analyzed in two phases, namely: descriptively, that is the description consisted of central tendency and inferentially, that is the data were analyzed using pair-wise correlation and multiple correlation technique. The findings show that: 1) the students’ reading interest, reading self-efficacy, and reading competency on high-order-items are at the moderate levels;2) the relations pair-wisely between the students’ reading interest and reading self-efficacy, students reading interest and reading competency, the students’ reading self-efficacy and reading competency on high-order-items are positively and significantly correlated; and 3) the simultaneous or multiple relationships of the reading interest and reading self-efficacy to the students’ reading competency is proven to be significant.

Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Genomics in Yeast to Understand Life and Boost Biotechnology

The field of genetic engineering was born in 1973 with the “construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro”. Since then, a vast number of technologies have been developed allowing large-scale reading and writing of DNA, as well as tools for complex modifications and alterations of the genetic code. Natural genomes can be seen as software version 1.0; synthetic genomics aims to rewrite this software with “build to understand” and “build to apply” philosophies. One of the predominant model organisms is the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its importance ranges from ancient biotechnologies such as baking and brewing, to high-end valuable compound synthesis on industrial scales. This tiny sugar fungus contributed greatly to enabling humankind to reach its current development status. This review discusses recent developments in the field of genetic engineering for budding yeast S. cerevisiae, and its application in biotechnology. The article highlights advances from Sc1.0 to the developments in synthetic genomics paving the way towards Sc2.0. With the synthetic genome of Sc2.0 nearing completion, the article also aims to propose perspectives for potential Sc3.0 and subsequent versions as well as its implications for basic and applied research.

An Analysis on the Relationship between the Number of Particles and the Volume by Using the Gas Kinetic Theory Model

This study aims at finding out the relationship between the number of particles and the volume by using the gas kinetic theory model. In this study, the data collection was conducted three times employing different particle numbers, namely 10 particles, 20 particles and 30 particles group. During the data collection process, the scale reading of the load height was done when the load collision has been going on for 20 seconds. Based on the observations, it can be obtained that the more the number of particles, the greater the volume. The graph analysis also reveals that the slope of the three graphs varies. Graph 4.1 and graph 4.2 share the same slope that is 0.1, while the slope of graph 4.3 is 0.095. The slope of the graph illustrates that once the number of particle increases, the position of the piston will also go up. In other words, it can be said that the changes in the position of the piston (v) is directly proportional to the number of particles (n).Keywords: Kinetic Theory Of Gases, Volume, Piston Position, ParticlePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan jumlah partikel dengan volume menggunakan model teori kinetic gas. Pada penelitian ini, pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan jumlah partikel yang berbeda-beda yaitu 10 partikel, 20 partikel dan 30 partikel. Pada proses pengambilan data yang dilakukan, pembacaan skala ketinggian beban dilakukan ketika penumbukan beban telah berlangsung selama 20 detik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diperoleh bahwa semakin banyak jumlah partikel maka volumenya akan semakin besar pula. Dari hasil analisis grafik diperoleh kemiringan pada grafik 4.1 yaitu 0,1, grafik 4.2 diperoleh kemiringan 0,1 dan grafik 4.3 diperoleh kemiringan 0,095. Kemiringan grafik menggambarkan bahwa setiap pertambahan partikel bertambah pula kedudukan piston atau dapat dikatakan hubungan antara perubahan kedudukan piston (v) berbanding lurus dengan jumlah partikel (n).Kata kunci: Teori Kinetik Gas, Volume, Kedudukan Piston, Partikel

Distance From File Tip to Apical Constriction/Apical Foramen in Relation to Numeric Scale Reading on Display of Two Electronic Root Canal Length Determining Devices

Modern Electronic root canal length determining devices (ERCLD) or Electronic apex locators (EALs), claim to determine accurately the tooth length based on the principle of measuring the impedance between the canal fluid and tip of the file with various frequencies. Many manufacturers claim the electronic apex locators (EALs) to exactly display the reading corresponding to the canal parameters. This invitro evaluation compared if the marks „„0.5‟‟ and „„0.0/APEX‟‟ on the of display of two EALs Sybron endo Apex ID (SID) and Mini apex locator (MINI) were accurately representing the apical constriction or the apical foramen respectively. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted, single rooted human teeth were used with alginate model. The electronic length was determined using 2 EALs, at the numeric scale/target „„0.5‟‟ and „„0.0/APEX‟‟ mark using Kfile (electrode). After cementing the file coronally with type II glass ionomer cement, the apical 3–4 mm was trimmed until the file tip was visible under an operating microscope (X16). Images were captured under Dental operating microscope and the error between electronic length (EL) and actual length (AL) at target interval 0.5 (apical constriction) and 0.0 (major foramen) were analyzed by used Image J software. RESULTS: t-test revealed statistically significant differences between EL determination and AL for both EALs, at “0.0”/Apex, p=0.001, and at 0.5 (apical constriction) p=0.007. CONCLUSION: The numeric meter display of newer generation EALs like Apex ID, represent better correlation with the histologic landmarks and could become a useful guide for inexperienced clinicians, however they do not always indicate the position of the file in the canal.