The mark–recapture method applied to population estimates of a freshwater crab on an alluvial plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora de Azevedo Carvalho ◽  
Pablo Agustín Collins ◽  
Cristian Javier De Bonis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Chi Square Test

Mark–recapture methods are a useful population estimation tool, although with many assumptions that cannot always be satisfied for all types of organisms and environments. In the present study, three mark–recapture methods (Petersen, Schnabel and Schumacher–Eschmeyer) were applied in a preliminary trial to estimate the population size of the crab Trichodactylus borellianus and to gain information that would support the use of the methods in the field. The accuracy of these estimates was verified by analysing the percentage of bias, the width of the confidence intervals, and by a chi-square test. The assumptions of equal catchability and closed population were verified, along with assumptions related to the efficiency of marking. The adjusted methodology was applied in a short-term study of a pond on the Paraná floodplain. The results showed that the assumptions were satisfied for both the experimental and field studies. The Schnabel was the most accurate method evaluated in both studies. Although the Schumacher–Eschmeyer method also provided accurate results in the field study, it needed large samples to give reliable estimates. The applicability of these methods depends on the stage of the hydrological cycle. The choice of a short-term research design will ensure that the assumption of a closed population is valid for research of this type on an alluvial plain.

scholarly journals Computerized Cardiotocography Analysis: Comparison among Several Parental Ethnic Origins

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Di Tommaso ◽  
Giulia Martello ◽  
Tomi Kanninen ◽  
Federica Perelli ◽  
Laura Iannuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Fetal Movements ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective We speculate that genetic racial disparity exists in fetal life and can be detected by modern computerized cardiotocography (cCTG). Methods This is a retrospective study comparing the results of the cCTG of pregnant patients at 37–42 weeks according to the parental ethnicity (black versus white). A cCTG was performed to analyze the variables of fetal heart rate (FHR). The cCTG variables analyzed were: percentage of signal loss; number of contractions; basal FHR; number of accelerations; number of decelerations; length of high variation episodes; short-term variability (STV); total trace duration time; and number of fetal active movements. Non-stress test (NST) parameters in the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test for continuous data, and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results We found a significantly lower number of active fetal movements (p = 0.007) and longer periods of low variation (p = 0.047) in the cCTG of black patients when compared with white patients. Conclusions In conclusion, identifying the factors responsible for the variance in the objective analysis of CTG results is important to improve the outcomes of patients. Our study lends further evidence as to the importance of ethnicity in clinical cCTG interpretation.

scholarly journals A Study of Investors’ Preference towards Mutual Funds in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Rajan Bilas Bajracharya ◽  
Rushil Bhakta Mathema
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Money Market ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A Mutual Fund is an investment vehicle that pools funds from various investors and invests the funds in stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets or some combination of these investments. The primary goal behind investment in mutual fund is to earn goods return with comparatively low risk. The main objective of this research is to identify investors’ preference towards mutual fund in Kathmandu metropolitan city. By using in structured questionnaire, Description statistical tools like chi-square test have been used for analyzing the data. The findings from this research are that the most of the investors are doubtful to invest the new age investment like mutual funds.

Short-term acenocumarine (A) or dalteparine (D) for the prevention of central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CVCrT) in cancer patients. A randomized controlled study based on serial venographies

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8549-8549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Cicco ◽  
M. Matovic ◽  
R. Pacenzia ◽  
D. Fantin ◽  
M. Caserta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Thrombosis Prophylaxis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chi Square Test

8549 Background: Timing and frequency of non occlusive (nO) or occlusive (O) CVCrT in cancer patients (pts) remain unclear. In this randomized controlled trial we studied these points and evaluated the efficacy and safety of short-term prophylaxis with A or D in the prevention of CVCrT. Methods: Consecutive cancer pts without contraindications to short-term anticoagulation, scheduled for chemotherapy via CVC, were randomly assigned to receive: A 1 mg/day for 3 days before and 8 days after CVC insertion; D 5,000 IU 2 hours before and daily for 8 days after CVC insertion; no anticoagulant treatment (NT). All pts underwent venography (V) at day 8 and 30 after CVC insertion and then every two months until CVC removal . The primary endpoint was V detected CVCrT, evaluated as nO or O when it was partially or completely occlusive of the vein lumen, respectively. Bleeding episodes were recorded. Proportions were compared using chi-square test together with odds ratio (OR). Results: 450 pts were randomized, 348 of whom (120/150 A, 114/150 D, and 114/150 NT) underwent V (median number of procedures 4, range 2–8). Both A and D reduced the frequency of V detected CVCrT (21.9% A vs 55.3% NT, OR= 4.35 (95% CI 2.43–7.69), p<0.001; 40% D vs 55.3% NT, OR= 1.85 (95% CI 1.10–3.13), p=0.02). A was more effective than D (OR= 2.37 (CI 1.34–4.22), p= 0.003). The frequency of O CVCrT was not different in the 3 groups (0.9% A, 5.0% D, 4.4% NT; p= 0.18). Overall, 5.1% of pts with CVCrT were symptomatic, all presenting O CVCrT (42% of pts with O CVCrT were not symptomatic). Most CVCrTs (95.6%) were observed at day 8 after CVC insertion. No major bleeding or pulmonary embolism occurred. Conclusions: In this study, acenocumarine was more effective than dalteparine in reducing V detected CVCrT. The doses of prophylactic agents used in this study proved to be safe. Symptomatic CVCrT evaluation alone underestimates the actual CVCrT frequency. The first days following CVC insertion are at highest risk for CVCrT. Short term thrombosis prophylaxis appears to be superior to no treatment without the expenses and inconveniences inherent in long-term prophylaxis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Landscape preference of the white rhinoceros in the southern Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Pienaar ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma ◽  
G.K. Theron
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Landscape Preference ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
Chi Square Test

The long and short-term landscape preference of white rhinoceros in the southern Kruger NationarPark are investigated. A preference index and a chi-square test are used to ascertain if white rhinoceros prefer or avoid a particular landscape. Landscape 3 (moderately undulating granitoid plains with Combretnni zeyheri woodland), is the most preferred landscape while landscapes 2 (low granitoid mountains with Combretnmapicniafnni bushveld) and4 (granitoid lowlands with Acacia ^randicornuta tree- savanna), are avoided.

scholarly journals Long-term field studies of mammals: what the short-term study cannot tell us

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren D. Hayes ◽  
Carsten Schradin
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Term Field

Chemical control of suckers in hazelnut orchards of western Oregon

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-869
Author(s):  
Larissa Larocca de Souza ◽  
Marcelo L. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Term Field

AbstractHazelnut naturally grows as a multi-stemmed tree. The basal sprouts, known as suckers, grow throughout the season. Suckers are removed to promote a single trunk that facilitates production mechanization and increased yield. In western Oregon, herbicides are the most common method of sucker control, and at least four applications per season are performed in the spring and summer seasons. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar-applied herbicides currently registered for sucker control in hazelnuts. Season-long and short-term field studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of herbicides to control hazelnut suckers. In the season-long studies, four consecutive applications of treatments that contained 2,4-D, glufosinate, or paraquat provided 50% to 80% control, maintained sucker height at 50 cm or less as compared to 155 cm for the nontreated control, and reduced sucker biomass by 87% as compared to the nontreated control. The short-term study results confirmed the efficacy of 2,4-D, glufosinate, and paraquat for sucker control, and in this study, carfentrazone and saflufenacil reduced sucker biomass to a level comparable to 2,4-D or glufosinate treatment. These results confirm that 2,4-D, glufosinate, paraquat, carfentrazone, and saflufenacil can be used for sucker control in hazelnut and emphasize the necessity of multiple applications during the growing season to control suckers in hazelnut. Proper herbicide selection is important to control suckers with success.

scholarly journals Counting the Cost: The effect of Covid -19 Lockdown on households in South East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Ogunji ◽  
Stanley Iheanacho ◽  
Chinwe Victoria Ogunji ◽  
Michael Olaolu ◽  
Vivian Oleforuh-Okoleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Aid Programs ◽  
The Cost

The present study measured household hunger in South-East Nigeria amidst COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 1209 households (urban and rural locations) were sampled. Household hunger was determined using Radimer/Cornel hunger scale, while Chi-square test was done with significance of P&lt;0.05. Results of this study revealed 82.7% prevalence of hunger among households before Covid-19 pandemic, while during Covid-19 lockdown, hunger prevalence rose to 98.6%. It was also observed that covid-19 lockdown significantly affected food prices.The major coping strategy employed by households was relying on less expensive foods (81.14%). High household hunger was identified as a short term cost of Covid-19 lockdown in Southeast Nigeria. Only few households benefited from the food aid programs and other forms of palliatives by Government. It is recommended that the Government should setup a formidable unit which will develop physical and digital plans for effective implemention during Covid-19 lockdown situation or other emergencies.

scholarly journals The value of a home treatment programme for paediatric patients with respiratory disorders

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
L. Scheepers ◽  
A. Knoetze ◽  
V. M. Pieterse
Keyword(s):  
Home Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intensive Physiotherapy ◽  
Experimental Group

To establish the efficacy of a home treatment programme, two groups of short-term patients, aged 1 month -11 years, hospitalised for complications of respiratory disorders or chronic respiratory disorders, were studied. Both groups received intensive physiotherapy during hospitalisation, but only in the experimental group were parents counselled and a home treatment programme taught. On comparing readmission figures for the experimental and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference at both 5% and 1% levels, using the chi-square test.

Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242
Author(s):  
Celeste Domsch ◽  
Lori Stiritz ◽  
Jay Huff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

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