scholarly journals The value of a home treatment programme for paediatric patients with respiratory disorders

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
L. Scheepers ◽  
A. Knoetze ◽  
V. M. Pieterse
Keyword(s):  
Home Treatment ◽  
Treatment Programme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intensive Physiotherapy ◽  
Experimental Group

To establish the efficacy of a home treatment programme, two groups of short-term patients, aged 1 month -11 years, hospitalised for complications of respiratory disorders or chronic respiratory disorders, were studied. Both groups received intensive physiotherapy during hospitalisation, but only in the experimental group were parents counselled and a home treatment programme taught. On comparing readmission figures for the experimental and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference at both 5% and 1% levels, using the chi-square test.

Resorbable Collagen Barrier Impeding the Extrusion of Obturating Material in Primary Molars Undergoing Resorption – A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Mishra Neha Sanjeev ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Singh Mayall ◽  
Rishika ◽  
Ramakrishna Yeluri
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of placing a resorbable collagen barrier in impeding the extrusion of obturation material in primary molars undergoing resorption. Study design: All the 94 canals in 47 mandibular molars were allocated to 2 groups- Group ‘A’- 47 canals with collagen barrier (Test group) and Group ‘B’- 47 canals without collagen barrier (Control group) based on randomization protocol. Pulpectomy was performed and obturation of both test and control canals were radiographically assessed. Pearson’s chi – square test was applied to analyze the results. The significance level was predetermined at p < 0.05. Results: Among the test group, 93.6% of the canals showed no extrusion while, 6.4% showed visible extrusion of the material outside the apex. In the control group, 83% showed no extrusion whereas 17% of the canals showed visible extrusion outside the apex. But no significant difference was noted (p>0.05). Conclusion: The placement of resorbable collagen barrier in the apical third of the canal prevented the extrusion of obturating material beyond the apex in resorbing primary molars.

scholarly journals Leucocyte profile and offspring production of guinea pig (Cavia cobaya) given Anredera cordifolia leaf extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
D. Wijayanti ◽  
E. T. Setiatin ◽  
E. Kurnianto
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Given ◽  
Head Level

The objective of this study was to determine leucocyte and offspring production of guinea pig (Cavia cobaya) giving Anredera cordifolia leaf extract. Materials used were female 16 heads of guinea pig with body weight of 425g. The treatments were an extract of A. cordifolia leaf at doses of 0, 10, 50 and 90 mg/head, designated as T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A. cordifolia leaf extract was administered orally from 10 days prepartum to 10 days postpartum. Blood was taken at 10 days prepartum and 10 days postpartum. Total birth of the offspring was observed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and if there was effect of treatment, then continued with Duncan multiple range test and Chi-Square test for fetal production between the given A. cordifolia leaf extract and control. The result showed that there was no significant difference for 10 days prepartum after addition of A cordifolia leaf extract treatment. The postpartum treated showed a total 50 mg/head level increaed for monocytes than that of level 0, 10 and 90 mg/head. Ten days postpartum treatment showed the total increase for leucocyte and monocytes total were 50 and 90 mg/head, respectively compared to 10 mg/head level. Total lymphocyte of 90 mg/head increased compared to level 10 and 50 mg/head. The highest total neutrophil as found at level of 50 mg/head which increased compared to the level of 0 and 10 mg/head. ProvisioningA. cordifolialeaf extract at doses level of 50 and 90 mg/head could increase litter size (P<0.05; χ2=9.267) and decreased offspring mortality (P<0.05; χ2=6.4). In conclusion, by giving 50 mg/head A. cordifolia leaf extract could increase leucocyte profile and offspring production of guinea pig. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Rhythmic Breathing on the Anxiety of Dressing Change in Burning Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Mehry Bozorgnejad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zarei ◽  
Leila Mamashli ◽  
Fatemeh Mohaddes Ardebili
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dressing Change ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Burning is one of the worst accidents that people may now experience in modern society. One of the most critical problems of burn patients is the anxiety caused by medical treatments such as burn dressing. The present study aimed to determine the effect of rhythmic breathing on the anxiety of dressing change in burn patients. Materials and Methods: This experimental clinical trial was done on 60 burn hospitalized patients in Ayatollah Mousavi educational-therapeutic hospital of Zanjan province in 2017. The sampling was performed continuously and the samples were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (30 subjects in each group). The data collection tool included a demographic questionnaire and numerical anxiety scale. First, the demographic characteristics questionnaire was completed by the samples. Then, the rhythmic breathing was taught to the experimental group for 20 minutes until complete learning, and they were asked to perform the rhythmic breathing during dressing. Before and after dressing, anxiety was evaluated in the experimental and control groups for 3 consecutive days. After collecting data and entering them into SPSS 20, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent and dependent t test, and Friedman test. Results: Based on the findings of the study, both groups were homogeneous in terms of age, gender, education, percentage and the degree of burn, and there was no statistically significant difference. The results of the Friedman test showed that the anxiety severity had a statistically significant difference in both control and experimental groups before and after the intervention (P<0.001). However, the severity of anxiety after the intervention further reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group, and this reduction was statistically significant in the experimental group (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, rhythmic breathing is effective in reducing anxiety caused by a dressing change in burn patients. Thus, this method can be used to decrease the anxiety of dressing.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effects of Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 Acupoints on the Pain Caused by Fistula Needle Placement in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-367
Author(s):  
Tahereh Baloochi Beydokhti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Needle Placement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
And Control

Objective: Hemodialysis is one of the most common treatment methods in kidney patients. To do this, repeated insertion of the needle into the vessel is necessary. Patients treated with hemodialysis are exposed to stress and pain caused by perforation of their arteriovenous fistula about 300 times a year. More than 1/5 of hemodialysis patients express this pain as unbearable. This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints on the pain caused by fistula needle placement in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in 2016 on 90 hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula in Mashhad, Iran. They were randomly divided into three groups of SP6, ST36, and control. Data were collected after obtaining a written informed consent by a demographic form and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS v.16 software by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between VAS scores after the intervention in all three group (P<0.001). The Mean±SD VAS scores before the intervention in SP6, ST36, control groups were 54.47±18.93, 51.5±22.83, 46.6±17.73, respectively which changed to 45.63±20.53, 40.2±20.01, and 51.87±19.05 after the intervention, indicating that acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints reduced pain in patients, while the pain increased in the control group. Conclusion: Acupressure at SP6 and ST36 acupoints is an effective method in relieving pain caused by the insertion of a needle into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals URETHROCUTANEOUS FISTULA FOLLOWING SNODGRASS VERSUS TWO STAGE AIVAR BRACKA REPAIR OF DISTAL PENILE HYPOSPADIAS IN MALE CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Ullah Shah ◽  
Huma Gul ◽  
Rashid Khan ◽  
Muhammad Marwat
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Urethrocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
And Control

Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the prevalence of 1 in 200-300 live male births. The objective of this trial was to compare the frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula between Snodgrass and two staged Aivar Bracka repair of distal penile hypospadias in male children. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted in Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014. 64 male patients were randomly allocated to two surgical procedures, 32 to experimental (Snodgrass) group and 32 to control (two stage Aivar Bracka) group. Age in years, age groups and presence of urethrocutaneous fistula were variables. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range and other variables by count and percentage. McNemar chi-square test was applied to see the significance of difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula at alpha 0.05. Results: Mean age in experimental (Snodgross) group was 6.74 years±1.26 & in control (Aivar Bracka) group 6.71 years ±1.29. The urethrocutaneous fistula was present in three (9.38%, 80% CI 2.77-15.99%) cases in experimental (Snodgross) group and in six (18.75%, 80% CI 9.91-27.59%) cases in control (Aivar Bracka) group. McNemar chi-square test showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion: The results are comparable for Snodgrass repair and two stage Aivar Bracka repair for distal penile hypospadias in male children in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula in our population.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF YOGA ON DURATION OF THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR AND PERINEAL RUPTURE IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
Ana Setyowati ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Ngadiyono Ngadiyono ◽  
Rr Sri Endang Pujiastuti ◽  
Dyah Dyah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

Objective: To determine the effect of yoga on the duration of the second stage of labor and perineal rupture in primigravida mothers.Methods: This was a Quasy experimental study with posttest group only design. The study was conducted in the Public Health Center of Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia from December 2016 until January 2017. There were 50 mothers selected using purposive sampling, which 25 assigned in the experiment and control group. Independent t-test and Chi Square test were used for data analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the duration of second stage of labor (p=0.000) and perineal rupture (p=0.001) between experiment and control group. Conclusion: There was a significant effect of yoga on the duration of the second stage of labor and perineal rupture in primigravida mothers. Therefore, yoga is recommended for midwife to be included in the antenatal care.

296 FREQUENT RECTAL PALPATIONS FOLLOWING SUPEROVULATORY TREATMENT AFFECT SEX RATIO OF EMBRYOS RECOVERED FROM HOLSTEIN HEIFERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
A. Ideta ◽  
K. Hayama ◽  
M. Urakawa ◽  
Y. Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
And Control

Skewing the sex ratio of offspring towards males or females is very important for the livestock industry. Many factors, such as maternal stress, have been suggested to affect the sex ratio (Pratt NC et al. 1989 J. Reprod. Fertil. 87, 763–769). In a recent study (Ideta A et al. 2007 J. Reprod. Dev. doi:10.1262/JRD.19035), the proportion of female embryos recovered from superovulated heifers in which ovulation patterns were observed by repeated transrectal ultrasonography tended to be higher than the expected ratio of 50:50 (66.7%, 26/39). To investigate this phenomenon, we repeated the experiment using a larger number of Holstein heifers. The superovulatory treatment began in the midluteal phase of the estrous cycle (days 8 to 10) and consisted of eight decreasing doses of FSH i.m. (total of 28 Armour units, Antrin R-10, Kawasaki-Mitaka, Kanagawa, Japan) for 4 days with treatment twice daily. Doses of 5 mL and 3 mL of a PGF2α analogue (Veterinary Pronalgon F Injection containing 5 mg mL–1 Dinoprost, Pfizer Animal Health, Tokyo, Japan) were administered i.m. to the animals along with the seventh and eighth FSH treatment, respectively. The heifers were divided into two groups. One group, the rectal palpation (RP) group (n = 9), received transrectal ultrasonography with rectal palpation at 4-h intervals from 36 to 76 h after the first PGF2α treatment. The other group, the Control group (n = 8) received no treatment. The heifers were artificially inseminated at 56 and 72 h after the first PGF2α treatment using frozen–thawed semen from one bull. Seven-day embryos were recovered nonsurgically. Grade 1 to 3 embryos (IETS classification) were selected for this study. Male and female embryos were separated using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure (Hirayama H et al. 2004 Theriogenology 62, 887–896). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square test. The mean number of recovered ova and embryos was 15.7 � 3.8 (RP) and 14.4 � 2.2 (Control). There was no significant difference in the percentages of unfertilized ova (RP; 14.9 %, 21/141 and Control; 11.3% 13/115, P > 0.05), grade 1 embryos (RP; 51.1%, 72/141 and Control; 54.8%, 63/115, P > 0.05) and grade 1 to 3 embryos (RP; 65.2%, 92/141 and Control; 69.6%, 80/115, P > 0.05) between the two groups. The proportion of female grade 1 embryos in the RP group (66.7%, 48/72) was significantly higher than the expected ratio of 50:50 (P < 0.01). The female ratio of grade 1 embryos in the Control group was 50.8% (32/63). Furthermore, the proportion of female grade 1 to 3 embryos in the RP groups (66.3%, 61/92) was significantly higher than the expected ratio of 50:50 (P < 0.005). The female ratio of grade 1 to 3 embryos in the Control group was 51.3% (41/80). Results indicate that frequent ultrasound examinations and rectal palpations following superovulatory treatment may skew the sex ratio of embryos towards females in Holstein heifers.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding technique and the incidence of nipple traumas in puerperal women attended in a city hospital: intervention study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703
Author(s):  
Thaize Carvalho Estrela do Vale Morais ◽  
Tâmara Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Graciete Oliveira Vieira ◽  
José de Bessa Júnior ◽  
Gilmar Mercês de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Randomized Intervention Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effect of an intervention on the incidence of nipple trauma and the quality of breastfeeding technique in the first month of postpartum. Methods: this is a quasi-randomized intervention study with 180 puerperal women equally distributed between experimental and control groups. The intervention was performed at a maternity and consisted of an educational session on breastfeeding technique. A descrip-tive analysis of the groups’ characteristics was performed, comparing the frequencies of unfa-vorable parameters related to breastfeeding technique between groups. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s test were used, and p≤0.05 was adopted as the critical level of significance. Results: at 30 days, 64% and 15% of the mothers used the technique correctly, respec-tively, in the experimental and control groups with RR=4.87 (CI95%=2.93-8.34); NNT=1.96 (CI95% =1.61-2.72); p<0.001. In the experimental group, a decrease was observed in the unfavorable parameters of the breastfeeding technique (p≤0.05). The incidence of nipple trauma was 30% in the experimental group and 38.9% in the control group (p=0.21). Conclusions: the intervention was insufficient to prevent nipple trauma in the experi-mental group, but significantly improved the quality in the breastfeeding technique.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer: comparison of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoe Fujiwara ◽  
Ruri Nishie ◽  
Shoko Ueda ◽  
Syunsuke Miyamoto ◽  
Shinichi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Peritoneal Cytology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Positive Peritoneal Cytology

Abstract Background There is uncertainty surrounding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer, especially in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this retrospective study is to determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology among patients with low-risk endometrial cancer and to compare it between laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparotomy. Methods From August 2008 to December 2019, all cases of pathologically confirmed stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrial cancer were reviewed at Osaka Medical College. Statistical analyses used the Chi-square test and the Kaplan–Meier log rank. Results A total of 478 patients were identified: 438 with negative peritoneal cytology (232 who underwent laparotomy and 206 who undertook laparoscopic surgery) and 40 with positive peritoneal cytology (20 who underwent laparotomy and 20 who received laparoscopic surgery). Survival was significantly worse among patients with positive peritoneal cytology compared to patients with negative peritoneal cytology. However, there was no significant difference among patients with negative or positive peritoneal cytology between laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy. Conclusion This retrospective study suggests that, while peritoneal cytology is an independent risk factor in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer, laparoscopic surgery does not influence the survival outcome when compared to laparotomy.

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