Morphological and Biochemical Systematics of Australian Freashwater and Estuarine Percichthyid Fishes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Fresh Waters ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Protein Variation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Using Data

The taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of six Australian species of the family Percichthyidae have been investigated using data obtained from comparative morphological examination of preserved specimens and from electrophoretic detection of variation in proteins extracted from liver tissue. Members of the genera Maccullochella, Plectroplites, Macquaria and Percalates form a group of generalized percoid species that have presumably colonized Australian fresh waters from marine origins. On morphological grounds the group is here considered to belong in the basal percoid family Percichthyidae rather than in the specialized family Serranidae to which it has been previously assigned. Some doubt remains, however, as to the affinities of the genus Maccullochella. Evidence from morphological studies, and from electrophoretic analysis of protein variation at 19 genetic loci, indicates that Maccullochella differs extensively from the other genera and that the two subgroups so formed represent separate invasions of fresh waters by already distinct marine ancestors. The Australian genera Plectroplites, Macquaria and Percalates form a closely related monophyletic group which can be assigned to a single genus. The oldest available name for such a genus is Macquavia Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830. Morphological and electrophoretic evidence supports the distinction of two species of Maccullochella, but no significant variation was detected between Percalates specimens initially identified as either P. colonorum or P. novemaculeatus.

Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Daphnia (Cladocera : Daphniidae) in Australia, determined by electrophoretically detectable protein variation

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAH Benzie
Keyword(s):  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Daphnia Carinata ◽  
Daphnia Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Protein Variation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Phenetic and cladistic analyses of allozyme variation at 11 loci in five of the six Australian species of Daphnia showed D. (Daphnia) occidentalis to be more distantly related to each of the Daphnia species from the subgenus Ctenodaphnia (Nei's genetic distance D = 0.49-0.84) than a given Ctenodaphnia species was to other members of the same subgenus (Nei's D between species pairs ranging from 0.31 to 0.61). Two of the three members of the Daphnia carinata complex in Australia, D. carinata and D. nivalis, were closely related (D = 0.16). The remaining member of the complex, D. cephalata, was not demonstrably more closely related to this pair of species than to D. lumholtzi, the only other member of the Daphnia subgenus Ctenodaphnia occurring in Australia. The distant relationship of D. cephalata and D. carinata contrasts with traditional views, and with evidence of continued hybridization between these taxa, but is consistent with the results of recent detailed morphological studies.

Redescription of Parameletus chelifer Bengtsson and P. minor (Bengtsson), with keys to nymphal and adult stages of the Fennoscandian species of Siphlonuridae (Ephemeroptera)

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Nilsson ◽  
Olle Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Northern Fennoscandia ◽  
The Family

AbstractIt is established by electrophoretic analysis and morphological examination that Parameletus chelifer and P. minor are two separate species. A redescription of the major life-stages of the two species is given together with notes on the distribution in northern Fennoscandia. Keys to adult and nymphal stages are given for Fennoscandian species of the family Siphlonuridae. Lectotypes are designated by the senior author for P. chelifer Bengtsson and P. minor (Bengtsson).

Sexual Division in Parenting: A Normative Context That Hinders Co-Responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110380
Author(s):  
José María García-de-Diego ◽  
Livia García-Faroldi
Keyword(s):  
Child Rearing ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Images ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Using Data

Recent decades have seen an increase in women’s employment rates and an expansion of egalitarian values. Previous studies document the so-called “motherhood penalty,” which makes women’s employment more difficult. Demands for greater shared child-rearing between parents are hindered by a normative climate that supports differentiated gender roles in the family. Using data from the Center for Sociological Research [Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas] (2018), this study shows that the Spanish population perceives that differentiated social images of motherhood and fatherhood still persist. The “sexual division in parenting” index is proposed and the profile of the individuals who most perceive this sexual division is analyzed. The results show that women and younger people are the most aware of this social normativity that unequally distributes child care, making co-responsibility difficult. The political implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Has the Economic Lockdown Following the Covid-19 Pandemic Changed the Gender Division of Labor in Israel?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124322110012
Author(s):  
Meir Yaish ◽  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Tali Kristal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Family ◽  
Allocation Of Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Families With Children

The economic shutdown and national lockdown following the outbreak of COVID-19 have increased demand for unpaid work at home, particularly among families with children, and reduced demand for paid work. Concurrently, the share of the workforce that has relocated its workplace to home has also increased. In this article, we examine the consequences of these processes for the allocation of time among paid work, housework, and care work for men and women in Israel. Using data on 2,027 Israeli adults whom we followed since the first week of March (before the spread of COVID-19), we focus on the effect of the second lockdown in Israel (in September) on the gender division of both paid and unpaid work. We find that as demand for housework caused by the lockdown increases, women—especially with children—increase their housework much more than men do, particularly when they work from home. The consequences of work from home and other flexible work arrangements for gender inequality within the family are discussed.

A REVISED GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF HYACINTHACEAE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, BASED ON MOLECULAR EVIDENCE, INCLUDING NEW COMBINATIONS AND THE NEW TRIBE PSEUDOPROSPEREAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MANNING ◽  
P. GOLDBLATT ◽  
M. F. FAY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Sub Saharan

A revised generic synopsis of sub-Saharan Hyacinthaceae is presented, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family. Generic rank is accorded only to reciprocally monophyletic clades that can be distinguished by recognizable morphological discontinuities, thereby permitting an appropriate generic assignment of species not included in the analysis. Three subfamilies are recognized within the region. Subfamily Ornithogaloideae, characterized by flattened or angular seeds with tightly adhering testa, is considered to include the single genus Ornithogalum, which is expanded to include the genera Albuca, Dipcadi, Galtonia, Neopatersonia and Pseudogaltonia. Recognizing any of these segregates at generic level renders the genus Ornithogalum polyphyletic, while subdivision of Ornithogalum into smaller, morphologically distinguishable segregates in order to preserve the monophyly of each is not possible. Subfamily Urgineoideae, characterized by flattened or winged seeds with brittle, loosely adhering testa, comprises the two mainland African genera Bowiea and Drimia. The latter is well circumscribed by its deciduous, short-lived perianth and includes the previously recognized genera Litanthus, Rhadamanthus, Schizobasis and Tenicroa. The monotypic Madagascan Igidia is provisionally included in the subfamily as a third genus on the basis of its seeds, pending molecular confirmation of its relationships. Subfamily Hyacinthoideae resolves into three clades, distinguished as tribes Hyacintheae (strictly northern hemisphere and not treated further), Massonieae and Pseudoprospereae tribus nov. Full descriptions and a key to their identification are provided for all genera. New combinations reflecting the generic circumscriptions adopted here are made for most African and all Indian and Madagascan species.

Contribution to the Morphology of a Pine Web-spinning Sawfly, Cephalcia marginata Middlekauff (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

In studies of sawflies, the family Pamphiliidae has been much neglected especially from the morphological stand point. Yuasa (1922) made a study of the larvae, but the genus Cephalcia was dealt with rather briefly. Ross (1937) and Benson (1945) made comparative morphological studies of the adults and showed the phylogenetic position of the family. More recently, Middlekauff (1953) published a description of Cephalcia marginata, a pine web-spinning sawfly which was the subject of the present study.

The Utility of Family Life Cycle as a Theoretical and Empirical Tool

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Kapinus ◽  
Michael P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Family Life Cycle ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Using Data

Using data from a 1980 national sample of married men and women, the analysis examines the utility of the family life cycle concept, employing as dependent variables constructs from Johnson’s conceptualization of commitment. They argue, in disagreement with two classic critiques of the family life cycle concept, that the predictive power of family life cycle is, for many dependent variables, quite independent of age or length of marriage. Their analyses demonstrate that, when using dependent variables one would expect to be related to the presence and ages of children, family life cycle remains a useful predictive tool.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Caregiving: Racial Examinations of Resiliency and Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Kelly Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
Emotional Strain

Abstract Adult children are at risk of emotional strain when parental caregiving needs emerge. Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and caregiver studies suggest minority caregivers report lower subjective caregiving burden, however, few studies simultaneously consider both the stresses and rewards of caregiving. Using data from Wave II of the Family Exchange Study (N = 243), we examine racial differences in midlife adults’ perceptions (i.e., stress and rewards) of assisting their parents with activities of daily living (ADLs) and the associations between perceptions of ADL assistance and emotional well-being among adults who help their parents with ADLs. Compared to non-minority caregivers (M = 4.18, SD = 0.91), minority caregivers (M = 4.45, SD = 0.84) found it more rewarding to help their mother (t(314) = -2.54, p < .05), whereas non-minority caregivers (M = 2.25, SD = .1.27) found it more stressful to help their father than did minority caregivers (M = 1.64, SD = 0.99), t(162) = 3.01, p < .01). After controlling for demographics and ADL needs, linear regression analyses revealed that the stress of helping parents predicted depression (F(6, 189) = 5.30, p < .001) and race moderated the association (p < .01); the association was only significant for minority caregivers (p < .05). Implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals A morphological and molecular characterization of vine mealybug populations (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) from Tunisia

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Mansour ◽  
Vincenzo Cavalieri ◽  
Gaetana Mazzeo ◽  
Kaouthar Grissa Lebdi ◽  
Agatino Russo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Vine Mealybug ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Some vine mealybug, <em>Planococcus ficus </em>(Signoret) populations in Tunisian vineyards have been morphologically and genetically characterized. The morphological examination was based on the main distinctive characteristics of species of <em>Planococcus</em>, namely the number and distribution of the multilocular disc pores and tubular ducts on the adult female. This showed the existence of two different vine mealybug populations in Tunisia. Likewise, in the molecular analyses, two separate clades were revealed in the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, supporting the morphological studies and suggesting that there are two distinct populations of <em>P. ficus</em> on grapevine in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Koretsky ◽  
S.J. Rahmat ◽  
N. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Mandibular Ramus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Dietary Preference ◽  
Angle Function ◽  
The Family ◽  
Condyloid Process ◽  
Size Ofthe ◽  
Mandibular Morphology ◽  
Process Measurements ◽  
Muscles Of Mastication

Abstract Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae). Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J., Peters, N. — The diverse representatives of Recent seals within the three extant subfamilies (Cystophorinae, Phocinae, Monachinae) of the family Phocidae exhibit dietary variations among species, feeding on invertebrates and a diversity of prey depending on the season and availability. To explain this variability, an introductory morphological examination of the mandibular structure of Recent seals from each subfamily was performed, focusing on: heights of the mandibular ramus and condyloid process; measurements of the masseteric fossa; and attachments of muscles of mastication. After measuring the condyloid angles (the inclination of the condyloid process in relation to the axis of the alveolar row) among the examined species, a correlation between the size ofthe angle, function, and diet was recognized. Seals with a tall mandibular ramus and greater condyloid angle (Cystophorinae) feed on larger-sized prey, while seals with a shorter ramus and lesser condyloid angle feed on small (Monachinae) to medium-sized (Phocinae) prey, regardless of the overall size of the seal. This study focused on the mandibular morphology of some living and fossil representatives of Phocidae, providing an association between functional and ecological interpretations of modern seals in general and extrapolating this knowledge for fossil dietary preference.

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