Spore morphology of some species of the genus Сystopteris Bernh. from the territory of Altai-Sayan and Trans-Ili Alatau

The spores of the following species from genus Cystopteris Bernh from the Trans-Ili Alatau and AltaiSayan regions were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): Cystopteris almaatensis Kotukhov, Cystopterisdickieana R. Sim, Cystopteris gureevi Stepanov, Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. The characters of their perisporium wererevealed. The results obtained from the territories of the Altai-Sayan region and the Trans-Ili Alatau confirm the divisionof the spores by the type of perisporium published previously by the scientists of Tomsk State University. Thus, weobserved differences in the number and size of the elements of the peresporium, as well as a small difference in the size ofthe spores of individual species. Most spores are characterized by the same minimum size values, but differ in maximumsize. The data on the quantity of elements of perisporium also varies, for example, spores from the Altai-Sayan region andthe Trans-ili Alatau are characterized by their smaller number.

THE EFFECT OF THE EXERCISE PROGRAMS ON THE BOY’S SELF-CONCEPT

This study is to investigate the effectiveness of an exercise program for children from10 to 11 years old. In this study, 30 subjects were divided into two groups of equalcontrol and training. After completing the procedure, the participants in the traininggroup performed the gymnastics training program for 12 weeks and the controlgroup did nothing. Data collection tool is a demographic questionnaire and a scale ofself-concept Piers-Harris. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to test the normal distributionof samples. The research results show that in the training group, the size ofthe concept of self and the general self concept of children before and after exerciseinstrument increased significantly. The results also show that the size of happinessand satisfaction of children, both in the control group and in the training group, issignificantly different. The study, concluded that a training program in the field ofgymnastics training has significantly increased the level of self-concept of children.

DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF A SINGLE-USE GRENADE LAUNCHER BASED ON ITS COMPOSITE PARTS AND FRAGMENTS OF REACTIVE GRENADE FOUND AT THE PLACE OF ACCIDENT

In carrying out an investigation into the explosion, among others, the investigative version of the use of a single-use reactive grenade launcher is being considered. The most common for criminal explosions are applied grenade launchers RPG-18, RPG-22, RPG-26. Their use is due to a number of such properties as small size and weight, which makes it possible to transfer them covertly, the range of the shot significantly exceeding the range of the hand grenade throw, the high detonating effect of the rocket grenade explosion. The single-use rocket launchers are generally of the same design. Their differences are in the features of the components construction and dimensional characteristics, which are given in the article. On the basis of expert practice, details ofgrenade launchers that remain at the site of the explosion and have the least damage are determined. These details are the objects of investigation of the explosion technical expertise. These objects include launchers of grenade launchers and rocket parts ofjet grenades. The design features of the launchers, their dimensional characteristics and marking symbols make it possible to determine their belonging to a specific type of jet grenade launchers. Missile parts of jet grenades differ in the form of the combustion chamber of the jet engine, nozzle, in the size ofthe outlet section of the nozzle, in the form and size of the stabilizerfeathers. To determine the belonging of the rocket part of the grenade to a specific type ofjet grenade launcher, it’s necessary to establish a set of structural features and dimensional characteristics. At considerable damage of the combustion chamber of the jet engine, as a rule, the nozzle block remains intact that allows to define diameter of critical section of a nozzle, and on it to establish type of the used single-use grenade launcher.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH LABU SIAM (SECHIUM EDULE JACQ.SWARTZ.) TERHADAP KADAR INTERLEUKIN 6 DAN HISTOPATOLOGI PANKREAS MENCIT HIPERGLIKEMIA YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ)

Diabetes mellitus now becomes a global serious theat with continues encreasingly prevalence. Ethanol extract of squash fruit Chayotte (Sechium edule) is a plant that contains flavonoidsareanti-inflammatory. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Squash fruit Chayotte (Sechium edule) to Interleukin 6 level and increasedthe size ofthe diameter of the pancreas in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice model. Goals : This research is experimental research uses Post test randomized controlled group design upon male mice, and divided into 4 groups; negative control group, positive control group is treated with streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg weight, and groups of therapy (dosage 100 gram/kg weight, 200 gram/kg weight). Methods : The measurement of the level interleleukin 6 (IL-6) used ELISA method and the description of histopatoligy pancreas. The data analysis of level IL-6 level uses One Way ANOVA (α = 0,005) and pancreas histology image used descriptive analysis. Result : The results showed a decrease in the levels of IL-6, although not significant if it’s compared to the positive control. The preparat histopathology pancreas observation increased diameter which showed widening of cell β of pancreas. Conclution : The conclusion of this research was that ethanol extract of squash fruit can reduce levels IL-6 and prevent the hiperglikemia mice pancreas damages

Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae). Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J., Peters, N. — The diverse representatives of Recent seals within the three extant subfamilies (Cystophorinae, Phocinae, Monachinae) of the family Phocidae exhibit dietary variations among species, feeding on invertebrates and a diversity of prey depending on the season and availability. To explain this variability, an introductory morphological examination of the mandibular structure of Recent seals from each subfamily was performed, focusing on: heights of the mandibular ramus and condyloid process; measurements of the masseteric fossa; and attachments of muscles of mastication. After measuring the condyloid angles (the inclination of the condyloid process in relation to the axis of the alveolar row) among the examined species, a correlation between the size ofthe angle, function, and diet was recognized. Seals with a tall mandibular ramus and greater condyloid angle (Cystophorinae) feed on larger-sized prey, while seals with a shorter ramus and lesser condyloid angle feed on small (Monachinae) to medium-sized (Phocinae) prey, regardless of the overall size of the seal. This study focused on the mandibular morphology of some living and fossil representatives of Phocidae, providing an association between functional and ecological interpretations of modern seals in general and extrapolating this knowledge for fossil dietary preference.

Egg Composition in Northern Flickers

Abstract There have been several studies on egg compositionin birds, but none on woodpeckers. Woodpeckers(Picidae) have among the smallest eggsrelative to their body size of any bird. Idissected Northern Flicker (Colaptesauratus) eggs into shell,yolk, and albumen components, and determined thelipid content of the yolk. The proportional size ofthe yolk in flicker eggs (16%) wasamong the smallest described for any bird. However,the yolk contained a similar amount of lipid(58%) as the yolks of otheraltricial species. The overall energy density inflicker eggs, 3.8 kJ g−1,was also among the lowest reported in birds. Therelative size of the yolk tended toward negativeallometry with increasing total egg mass while theamount of albumen showed positive allometry, butthe confidence intervals for the regression slopesshowed that isometry of these components could notbe excluded. These results demonstrate that flickereggs contain relatively little energy and, comparedto other species, eggs may be relatively cheap forflicker females to produce.

Human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia - Brazil: an area of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis transmission. II. Cutaneous disease. Presentation and evolution

The clinical records of 182 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis probably due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis are analysed. 68% had a single lesion which was usually an ulceron the lower anterior tibial third. Many had short histories of one to two months and all age groups were represented 13% had closed lesions of a verrucose or plaque like nature. Evolution of these skin lesions after treatment was related to the regularity of antimony therapy. Although healing usually occurred in three months, the time to scarring after commencing treatment was variable and related to the size ofthe lesion (p < 0.01). Usually if sufficient antimony treatment was given the lesion closed. Seven of the ten patients with initially negative leishmanin skin tests converted to positive after treatment. A significant decline of indirect fluorescent antibody titres occurred in patients followed, during and after therapy.