scholarly journals Perceptions of Caregiving: Racial Examinations of Resiliency and Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Kelly Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Midlife Adults ◽  
Emotional Strain

Abstract Adult children are at risk of emotional strain when parental caregiving needs emerge. Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and caregiver studies suggest minority caregivers report lower subjective caregiving burden, however, few studies simultaneously consider both the stresses and rewards of caregiving. Using data from Wave II of the Family Exchange Study (N = 243), we examine racial differences in midlife adults’ perceptions (i.e., stress and rewards) of assisting their parents with activities of daily living (ADLs) and the associations between perceptions of ADL assistance and emotional well-being among adults who help their parents with ADLs. Compared to non-minority caregivers (M = 4.18, SD = 0.91), minority caregivers (M = 4.45, SD = 0.84) found it more rewarding to help their mother (t(314) = -2.54, p < .05), whereas non-minority caregivers (M = 2.25, SD = .1.27) found it more stressful to help their father than did minority caregivers (M = 1.64, SD = 0.99), t(162) = 3.01, p < .01). After controlling for demographics and ADL needs, linear regression analyses revealed that the stress of helping parents predicted depression (F(6, 189) = 5.30, p < .001) and race moderated the association (p < .01); the association was only significant for minority caregivers (p < .05). Implications will be discussed.

They Drive Me Crazy: Difficult Social Ties and Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-436
Author(s):  
Shira Offer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Using egocentric network data from the University of California Social Networks Study (1,136 respondents; 11,536 alters), this study examines how difficult ties—an unexplored form of social negativity—are associated with well-being. Findings show that well-being is affected by the quality of the relationship rather than its presence in the network. Having a nondifficult partner is associated with lower loneliness compared to having no partner, but having no partner and having a difficult partner are related to similar levels of loneliness. Likewise, having difficult adult children and having no adult children are associated with reporting greater psychological distress than having nondifficult adult children. Consistent with the stress process model, the negative association of a difficult partner with well-being is buffered when that partner is otherwise supportive and when the other ties in the network are supportive. However, that association is amplified when the other ties are also difficult.

scholarly journals The Effects of Teleworking on Housework Division and Well-Being of Couples

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
British Household Panel Survey ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between teleworking, gender roles and happiness of couples using data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the Understanding Society Survey (USS) during the period 1991-2012. Various approaches are followed, including Probit-adapted fixed effects, multinomial Logit and Instrumental variables (IV). The results support that both men and women who are teleworkers spend more time on housework, while teleworking increases the probability that the household chores examined in this study, such as cooking, cleaning ironing and childcare, will be shared relatively to those who are non-teleworkers. In addition, women are happier when they or their spouse is teleworker, as well as, both men and women are happier when they state that the specific household chores are shared. Thus, women teleworkers may be happier because they can face the family demands and share the household chores with their spouse, increasing their fairness belief about the household division allocation and improving their well-being, expressed by happiness.

scholarly journals USING A STRESS PROCESS MODEL TO EXAMINE RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CAREGIVER WELL-BEING AND HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S487-S487
Author(s):  
Adrian Badana ◽  
William E Haley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Process Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dementia Care ◽  
Stress Process ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Relationship Type

Abstract Current research must utilize nationally-representative samples of older adults and their family caregivers to accurately reflect the growing diversity of the United States. This study aims to use a stress process model to examine potential racial differences in caregiving in a population-based sample of 844 White and 389 Black family caregivers in the United States. We conducted 3 x 2 x 2 (relationship type x race x dementia care status) factorial ANOVAs to examine potential differences in caregiving stressors, appraisals, resources, and mental and physical health outcomes among primary family caregivers. Results indicated significant racial differences in caregiving on several stress process measures. Although Black caregivers reported more caregiving stressors, compared to White caregivers, they tended to report more positive appraisals of caregiving and more caregiving resources. Dementia caregivers tended to report greater caregiving stressors and worse measures of appraisal compared to non-dementia caregivers. There was a significant two-way interaction among relationship type and dementia care status for the caregiving stressor, hours of care. A stress process model can allow researchers to investigate various factors associated with racial differences in caregiving.

Living with Chronic Illness from the Family Perspective:An Integrative Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 105477382094798
Author(s):  
Leire Ambrosio ◽  
M Victoria Navarta-Sánchez ◽  
Ana Carvajal ◽  
Cristina Garcia-Vivar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Family Perspective ◽  
The Family

Living with chronic illness has an impact on the family’s wellbeing and quality of life. An integrative review was conducted to identify and analyse the existing scales that evaluate the process of living with chronic illness or related factors of daily living from the family perspective. A search was developed in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Cuiden and Scielo databases until May 2019. From 5,344 identified articles, 13 studies were eligible for inclusion. 16 scales were identified and assessed constructs related to the concept of living with chronic illness, including quality of life; perceptions and needs; life satisfaction and well-being; impact; and psychological adjustment to the disease. However, these scales do not measure the family process of living with chronic illness from a comprehensive perspective. This review highlights the need to develop and validate a scale that evaluates the multidimensional nature of living with chronic illness from the family perspective.

Perceived Financial Needs, Income Sources, and Subjective Financial Well-Being in an Emerging Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Halil Kiymaza ◽  
Belma Öztürkkal
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Retirement Security ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Significant Factors

This study investigates perceived financial needs and subjective financial well-being using data from a national survey of 2,567 households in Turkey. Financial needs are measured by consumer perceived ability to meet current living expenses in the short-term as well as their assessment for the retirement security in the long-term. We also investigate how income sources are related to subjective financial well-being. Findings show that households' daily concerns including the inability to meet short-term expenses including healthcare, daily living expenses (food and utilities), and the inability to maintain the existing living standard are highly significant factors in explaining their subjective financial well-being. We also find that having enough income during retirement and ability to find a job in the future are positively related to subjective financial well-being. Finally, when households' incomes are from work, rental properties, family, and pension, they feel more financially secure.

scholarly journals Midlife Adults’ Daily Support to Children and Parents: Implications for Diurnal Cortisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Fuentecilla ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Meng Huo ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Kira S. Birditt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Aging Parents ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Midlife Adults

Objectives: We examined whether providing daily support to generations above and below has a differential impact on midlife adults’ diurnal cortisol. Method: Midlife adults ( N = 151) from the Family Exchanges Study Wave 2 reported daily practical support, emotional support, and advice to adult children and aging parents and collected saliva samples four times a day for 4 days. Results: Midlife adults experienced steeper cortisol awakening responses and steeper declines in cortisol (favorable cortisol functioning) on days when they provided support to children. Yet, they experienced higher overall cortisol levels (unfavorable cortisol functioning) on days when they provided support to aging parents. Discussion: Providing daily support to children may be rewarding to midlife adults, but support to parents may be associated with physiological stress. Findings advance understanding of midlife adults’ helping behaviors to multiple generations and carry implications for older adults’ well-being by encouraging effective support strategies.

Comparing Children’s and Caseworkers’ Reports of Physical Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 3516-3541
Author(s):  
Stacey Nofziger ◽  
Rachel E. Stein ◽  
Nicole L. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Physical Victimization ◽  
The Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
One Way Anova

In cases of suspected child maltreatment, the caseworkers’ evaluations of the harm and risk to the child are vital in determining if children are being abused and ultimately whether services are provided to the family. These evaluations are dependent on information caseworkers are able to uncover during their investigation, but may not reflect the experiences of the child. Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-I), this study first compares how consistent children’s claims of physical victimization are with caseworkers’ assessments of harm, severity of risk, and whether there is physical abuse occurring. Second, we examine whether any discrepancies are influenced by the demographic characteristics of the child. Based on cross-tabulations, mean tests of difference, and one-way ANOVA, we find a high degree of overlap in children’s reports of violence with caseworkers’ reports of harm, the potential for risk, and the presence of physical abuse. However, there are also important differences. Among children who reported acts of physical violence occurred “lots of times,” 23% of the cases were viewed by the caseworker as causing “no harm” to the child and over 60% were not regarded as physical abuse. The children’s age and sex are both significant predictors of discrepancies, with more discrepancies between caseworkers and young children or teens as well as boys. Implications of this study are that additional training is needed to help caseworkers build rapport with the children. We also suggest that Child Protective Services (CPS) should implement alternative ways for children to report their experiences other than face-to-face interviews with caseworkers.

scholarly journals Dementia Caregiving and Cognition: An Extension of the Stress Process Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Francesca Falzarano ◽  
Karen Siedlecki
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Memory ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Stress Process ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Secondary Stressors

Abstract As cases of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) continue to rise, informal caregivers are critical resources in providing dementia care, yet caregiving is associated with high levels of burden, stress, anxiety and depression. Caregiving can be a prolonged and stressful experience, and impaired cognitive functioning in caregivers could impact their own health and quality of life and compromise the quality of care provided to their care-recipient. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to use the Stress Process Model as a guiding theoretical framework to identify whether primary stressors (e.g., care recipient functional status, cognitive problems) or secondary stressors (e.g., loss of self, economic conflict) predict performance across seven domains of cognition in 50 primary ADRD caregivers. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine which primary and secondary stressors emerge as predictors of cognitive performance. Results indicated that primary stressors (e.g., problematic dementia behaviors and relational deprivation) significantly predicted working memory performance and secondary stressors (e.g., economic strain, loss of self) significantly predicted implicit memory performance. Additionally, higher levels of caregiver burden predicted worse performance on executive functioning and implicit memory measures. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the stress associated with caregiving may have adverse effects beyond psychosocial outcomes, and findings can be used to inform policies and practices with regard to caregiver health and well-being.

scholarly journals Caring Beyond the Challenges: Grit in Dementia Family Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Rosemary Blieszner ◽  
Jyoti Savla ◽  
Karen Roberto ◽  
Brandy McCann ◽  
Emily Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Role Overload ◽  
Stress Process Model ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Family Solidarity ◽  
Rural Appalachia

Abstract Scholars and practitioners recognize the importance of family caregivers for persons with dementia (PwD) persevering through difficulties and remaining committed to providing care (i.e., possessing grit). Based on Pearlin’s stress process model, we examined how grit is associated with stressors and strains that interfere with caregiver well-being and jeopardize continued caregiving. The sample included 158 family caregivers of PwD from rural Appalachia. SEM analysis revealed that grit and family and friend affectual solidarity contributed significantly to mastery. Grit and family solidarity were associated indirectly with role overload through their effect on mastery. Results demonstrate the value of acknowledging the role of grit in enhancing caregivers’ confidence about managing difficulties they face and reducing their sense of being overwhelmed by caregiving responsibilities. Thus, strengthening dementia caregivers’ commitment to and perseverance in their role is crucial for sustaining their motivation to provide care, despite the challenges they face.

Experience and Well-being: Explorations on Domains of Life and How they Matter

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol D. Ryff ◽  
Susan M. Heidrich
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Midlife Adults

The guiding question was how past life experiences are linked with adults’ assessments of their present and future well-being. Typical events and transitions (normative experiences) were contrasted with atypical stresses (non-normative experiences). A sample of 308 men and women, divided between young, midlife, and older adults, completed past life event inventories and rated themselves on multiple dimensions of well-being (concurrently and prospectively). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that normative events were significant predictors of multiple aspects of present and future wellness, but there were marked age differences in which domains were key influences: For young adults, life activities were primary; for midlife adults, greatest variance was explained by the family and friends domain; in late life, prior work and educational experiences were strongest predictors of well-being. Non-normative events were significant positive predictors of only personal growth in young adults.

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