Relation between mercury concentration and water discharge in the Katun River, Siberia

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Sukhenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Point And Diffuse Sources ◽  
Load Discharge ◽  
Different Origins

Some results of a study of the pattern of mercury (Hg) occurrence in the Katun River were used to identify the main origin of Hg in the water. A relatively simple method based on statistical analysis of concentration-discharge and load-discharge relationships was applied. The behaviour of these curves is quite different for flows polluted by sources of different origins, making it possible to separate the loads caused by point and diffuse sources. The results do not show a clear prevalence of point Hg sources, at least for hydrological periods when the water discharges are close to annual average values or higher. The results do reveal that, for the Katun River, a particular mining activity (i.e. an Hg smelter) on a tributary is not the dominant Hg source and that the contribution to the river load of surface runoff washing off Hg from the whole drainage basin may be significant.

scholarly journals Numerical modeling of surface runoff and erosion due to moving rainstorms at the drainage basin scale

2006 ◽  
Vol 330 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Nunes ◽  
J.L.M.P. de Lima ◽  
V.P. Singh ◽  
M.I.P. de Lima ◽  
G.N. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Basin Scale

scholarly journals Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i zmienność odpływu w zlewniach fliszowych na obszarze Masywu Babiej Góry

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Paweł Franczak ◽  
Michał Hudyka ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Marek Górnik
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Unit ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
The One ◽  
Water Outflow

<p>The paper refers to spatial diversity and lability of outflow from Flysh type drainage basins. It also shows dynamics of mean and high discharge by defining the trend, the variability index and the periodicity of the hydrological parameters mentioned. The research has been taken in the partial drainage basins located in the upper drainage basin of Skawica (the streams of Czatożanka, Marków Potok, Rybny Potok, Jaworzyna) and in the upper drainage basin of Czarna Orawa (Kiczorka) at the Babia Góra slopes. The analyzed two-year period (2012–2013) has been characterized comparing to the multiannual period of 1973–2014. The hydrological and meteorological data have been obtained due to monitoring of the hydrological environment of Babiogórski National Park. The database includes the data gained from The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management research. Poland is the one of the less water-rich European countries. The unit outflow is only 5.5 dm3·s-1·km-2 (Fall 1997). The water outflow is very space and time varied through the whole country. The outflow from drainage basins of Babia Góra area is one of the biggest in Poland (about 30 dm3·s-1·km-2). The outflow index (rate of outflow?) from Babia Góra area is 88% per annum, which distinguishes this area from the Beskidy Mountains. During the winter semester the outflow index is 12.7% and during the summer semester it is 70% (Łajczak).</p><p>The outflow index and the seasonal lability of the outflow from the particular Babia Góra drainage basins are very varied which is the most noticeable between the northern and southern slopes located drainage basins, however the variety is also very clear to observe from the east to the west direction. The analyzed cycle were a general low-flow period including one thaw flood within this period (2012s) and several minor floods caused by severe rainfalls (2013s). The maximum unit outflow during the flood has been noticed in Czatożanka drainage basin and the minimum unit outflow has been noticed in Kiczorka drainage basin. The highest annual average unit outflow occurred within Marków Potok, and the lowest annual average unit outflow occurred within Czatożanka. The drainage basins located at the northern slopes of Babia Góra were characterized by big seasonal outflow fluctuation between winter and summer semesters. Only at the southern slopes in the Kiczorka drainage basin the outflow was not much varied comparing the particular semesters.</p>

scholarly journals ANALISIS MODEL KONSEPTUAL DEBIT AIR PADA DAS INDRAGIRI HILIR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL IHACRES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Jusatria Jusatria
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
Nonlinear Loss ◽  
R Value ◽  
Rain Data

The modelling of Indragiri Hilir drainage basin is very necessary, considered by Indragiri Hilir area which sometimes overflows into residential areas and disturbs residents' activities. Conceptual analysis of water discharge through the Ihacres software could help to analyze the flow of Indragiri Hilir drainage basin. Rainfall-runoff modeling is used to predict runoff values, one of which is the IHACRES model. The IHACRES model produces nonlinear loss module parameters and linear hydrograph module units. AWLR that will be used is Kuantan Rengat station, Rain Data that will be used are from Tembilahan station and climatology from Air Molek station. Determination of the success of the model used equation R2 and R to calculate the deviation that occurs. The calibration, verification and simulation phase starts in 2010-2015. The result of conceptual analysis of water discharge of Indragiri Hilir drainage basin, In the calibration stage of the IHACRES Model, the best scheme is scheme 2 with R2 value 0.861 and R value 0.864. While the verification phase is carried out with the following year the best scheme is scheme 3 with the highest R2 value with R2 -2,550 and R-value 1,603 and the simulation scheme is the best scheme 5 with R2-1,904 and R-1,341.

Mussels as biomonitors of point and diffuse sources of trace metals in the clyde sea area, Scotland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Point And Diffuse Sources ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

Following a series of international conferences on pollution of the North Sea, the UK Government committed itself in 1990 to reducing the inputs of certain dangerous substances reaching the aqueous environment from point and diffuse sources. The target was a 50% reduction in loadings over the period 1985-95. Metals loadings from rivers and sewage works to the Clyde Sea Area are presented for the period 1990-97. These are compared to trace metals body burdens in mussels collected from shores throughout the Clyde Sea Area over the period 1980-97. For most metals, no clear trend either increasing or decreasing was observed in metals loadings from point sources or in mussel body burdens. The exceptions were cadmium, which showed downward trends with time in loadings and in concentrations in Clyde Estuary mussels, and lead, which showed a downward trend in mussel concentrations. Metals loadings from point sources may have reached baseline levels, below which further reductions will be difficult to achieve. Elevated mussel body burdens of specific metals provided good evidence that some shores are severely affected by point source inputs, others by bulk contamination from far-field point sources, and others by diffuse sources of metals.

Nutrient Losses to the Siverskyi Donets and Dniestr River Basins (Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Ukhan ◽  
Yuliia Luzovitska ◽  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Volodymyr Osadchyi
Keyword(s):  
Point Sources ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Stationary Sources

&lt;p&gt;For the quantitative assessment of the circulation of fluxes, the differentiation between point, quasi-stationary sources and diffuse, non-stationary sources play a significant role. The firsts include municipal and industrial wastewater discharges. The flow of substances from diffuse sources depends substantially on the landscape characteristics of the basin, water runoff, etc. In contrast to point sources, which always have an anthropogenic origin, the diffuse flow is associated with both natural processes and the influence of human activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this work was to estimate the diffuse flow within the Ukrainian part of the Severskyi Donets and Dniester basins. The focus was on evaluating the nutrients emission, among which nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were considered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To quantify nutrient emissions from point and diffuse sources the special conceptual approach was proposed. It was a simple method for the first assessment which didn&amp;#8217;t require detailed initial information and was based on the catchment characteristics, export coefficients and statistical data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Dniester basin is located in Eastern Europe and flows through Ukraine and Moldova into the Black Sea. According to the natural conditions it&amp;#8217;s divided into 3 separate parts: Upper Carpathian, Middle Podil and Lower Dniester.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main nitrogen pollution in the Dniester basin is caused by diffuse sources of agricultural origin. Their share in Podil Upland (about 80%) and Low part (about 90%) significantly exceeds the corresponding values in the Upper Dniester of 60%. This is due to the fact of occupying by forests about 30% of the slopes of this mountain part.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;About 30% of the total phosphorus emission is formed within the Upper Carpathian part.&amp;#160; Municipal discharged and agricultural territories approximately equally determined this load. On the contrary within the plain territory the role of agriculture was dominant and increased from the middle to the lower part of the Dniester river - from 55 to 75%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Siversky Donets basin is located on the southwestern slope of the Central Russian Upland within forest-steppe and steppe zones. One of the features of this basin is the extremely high level of cultivation resulting significantly water pollution. More than 78% of the territory is covered by agricultural lands, what is much large compare to many European countries, where it does not exceed 35%. This is due to the dominance within the Siverskyi Donets basin of the most fertile chernozem soils. Disruption of the soil cover due to plowing led to significant nutrient losses due to deflation and water runoff.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;More than 80% nitrogen emission are strongly affected by arable lands. The rest of the factors have a negligible impact. Compare to nitrogen the dominant part of phosphorus load comes to rivers as solid particles due to erosion processes - 56% and 36% - due to agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;

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