Environmental Effects on Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). II. Effects of Temperature on Photosynthesis, Photorespiration and Dark Respiration in Peppermint With Reference to Oil Composition

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clark ◽  
RC Menary
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Net CO2 exchange was investigated at several photon flux densities and day temperatures in both 21% and 2% O2. Light saturation occurred between 400 and 500 �Em-2, s-1 in attached, fully expanded leaves of peppermint. Maximum rates of 'apparent' photosynthesis occurred at 20°C. The important determinants of 'apparent' photosynthesis were an increase in 'true' photosynthesis when temperature was increased to 25°C, a steady increase in dark respiration with increased temperature and a rapid increase in photorespiration between 15 and 30°C. Such net CO2 exchange characteristics of peppermint support the photosynthate model proposed to explain environmental effects on oil composition.

Environmental Effects on Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). I. Effect of Daylength, Photon Flux Density, Night Temperature and Day Temperature on the Yield and Composition of Peppermint Oil

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clark ◽  
RC Menary
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Long days (16 h light), high photon flux density (1200 �Em-2 s-1.) and high night temperature (20°C) resulted in the highest oil yield. : Daylength, night temperature, day temperature and photon flux density were important interacting factors determining oil composition. The photosynthate model proposed by Burbott and Loomis (Plant Physiol., 1967, <B.42, 20-8) explained the effect of environmental factors with respect to pulegone, menthone and menthofuran. Factors favouring the maintenance of high levels of photosynthate resulted in high concentrations of menthone and low concentrations of pulegone and menthofuran. The photosynthate model does not explain the effect of environmental factors on several other monoterpenes.

scholarly journals Assessing the spatial variability in peak season CO<sub>2</sub> exchange characteristics across the Arctic tundra using a light response curve parameterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4897-4912 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Mbufong ◽  
M. Lund ◽  
M. Aurela ◽  
T. R. Christensen ◽  
W. Eugster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Light Response Curve

Abstract. This paper aims to assess the spatial variability in the response of CO2 exchange to irradiance across the Arctic tundra during peak season using light response curve (LRC) parameters. This investigation allows us to better understand the future response of Arctic tundra under climatic change. Peak season data were collected during different years (between 1998 and 2010) using the micrometeorological eddy covariance technique from 12 circumpolar Arctic tundra sites, in the range of 64–74° N. The LRCs were generated for 14 days with peak net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using an NEE–irradiance model. Parameters from LRCs represent site-specific traits and characteristics describing the following: (a) NEE at light saturation (Fcsat), (b) dark respiration (Rd), (c) light use efficiency (α), (d) NEE when light is at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 (Fc1000), (e) potential photosynthesis at light saturation (Psat) and (f) the light compensation point (LCP). Parameterization of LRCs was successful in predicting CO2 flux dynamics across the Arctic tundra. We did not find any trends in LRC parameters across the whole Arctic tundra but there were indications for temperature and latitudinal differences within sub-regions like Russia and Greenland. Together, leaf area index (LAI) and July temperature had a high explanatory power of the variance in assimilation parameters (Fcsat, Fc1000 and Psat, thus illustrating the potential for upscaling CO2 exchange for the whole Arctic tundra. Dark respiration was more variable and less correlated to environmental drivers than were assimilation parameters. This indicates the inherent need to include other parameters such as nutrient availability, substrate quantity and quality in flux monitoring activities.

scholarly journals Assessing the spatial variability in peak season CO<sub>2</sub> exchange characteristics across the Arctic tundra using a light response curve parameterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 6419-6460 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Mbufong ◽  
M. Lund ◽  
M. Aurela ◽  
T. R. Christensen ◽  
W. Eugster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Light Response Curve

Abstract. This paper aims to assess the functional and spatial variability in the response of CO2 exchange to irradiance across the Arctic tundra during peak season using light response curve (LRC) parameters. This investigation allows us to better understand the future response of Arctic tundra under climatic change. Data was collected using the micrometeorological eddy covariance technique from 12 circumpolar Arctic tundra sites, in the range of 64–74° N. The LRCs were generated for 14 days with peak net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using an NEE -irradiance model. Parameters from LRCs represent site specific traits and characteristics describing: (a) NEE at light saturation (Fcsat), (b) dark respiration (Rd), (c) light use efficiency (α), (d) NEE when light is at 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 (Fc1000), (e) potential photosynthesis at light saturation (Psat) and (f) the light compensation point (LCP). Parameterization of LRCs was successful in predicting CO2 flux dynamics across the Arctic tundra. Yet we did not find any trends in LRC parameters across the whole Arctic tundra but there were indications for temperature and latitudinal differences within sub-regions like Russia and Greenland. Together, LAI and July temperature had a high explanatory power of the variance in assimilation parameters (Fcsat, Fc1000 and Psat), thus illustrating the potential for upscaling CO2 exchange for the whole Arctic tundra. Dark respiration was more variable and less correlated to environmental drivers than was assimilation parameters. Thus, indicating the inherent need to include other parameters such as nutrient availability, substrate quantity and quality in flux monitoring activities.

scholarly journals Whole-plant Carbon Dioxide Exchange Responses of Angelonia angustifolia to Temperature and Irradiance

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Miller ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel ◽  
Allan M. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Significant Difference

Light and temperature responses of whole-plant CO2 exchange were determined for two cultivars of Angelonia angustifolia Benth., `AngelMist Purple Stripe' and `AngelMist Deep Plum'. Whole crop net photosynthesis (Pnet) of `AngelMist Purple Stripe' and `AngelMist Deep Plum' were measured at eight temperatures, ranging from 17 to 42 °C. Pnet for both cultivars increased from 17 to ≈20 °C, and then decreased as temperature increased further. Optimal temperatures for Pnet of `AngelMist Purple Stripe' and `AngelMist Deep Plum' were 20.8 and 19.8 °C, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two cultivars, irrespective of temperature. The Q10 (the relative increase with a 10 °C increase in temperature) for Pnet of both cultivars decreased over the entire temperature range. Dark respiration (Rdark) of both cultivars showed a similar linear increase as temperature increased. As photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) increased from 0 to 600 μmol·m-2·s-1, Pnet of both cultivars increased. Light saturation was not yet reached at 600 μmol·m-2·s-1. The light compensation point occurred at 69 μmol·m-2·s-1 for `AngelMist Purple Stripe' and at 89 μmol·m-2·s-1 for `AngelMist Deep Plum'. The lower light saturation point of `AngelMist Purple Stripe' was the result of a higher quantum yield (0.037 mol·mol-1 for `AngelMist Purple Stripe' and 0.026 mol·mol-1 for `AngelMist Deep Plum'). The difference in quantum yield between the two cultivars may explain the faster growth habit of `AngelMist Purple Stripe'.

Relationships between temperature and Pacific hake distribution vary across latitude and life-history stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Malick ◽  
ME Hunsicker ◽  
MA Haltuch ◽  
SL Parker-Stetter ◽  
AM Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Merluccius Productus ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Environmental conditions can have spatially complex effects on the dynamics of marine fish stocks that change across life-history stages. Yet the potential for non-stationary environmental effects across multiple dimensions, e.g. space and ontogeny, are rarely considered. In this study, we examined the evidence for spatial and ontogenetic non-stationary temperature effects on Pacific hake Merluccius productus biomass along the west coast of North America. Specifically, we used Bayesian additive models to estimate the effects of temperature on Pacific hake biomass distribution and whether the effects change across space or life-history stage. We found latitudinal differences in the effects of temperature on mature Pacific hake distribution (i.e. age 3 and older); warmer than average subsurface temperatures were associated with higher biomass north of Vancouver Island, but lower biomass offshore of Washington and southern Vancouver Island. In contrast, immature Pacific hake distribution (i.e. age 2) was better explained by a nonlinear temperature effect; cooler than average temperatures were associated with higher biomass coastwide. Together, our results suggest that Pacific hake distribution is driven by interactions between age composition and environmental conditions and highlight the importance of accounting for varying environmental effects across multiple dimensions.

Effects of Temperature on Leaf Expansion in Sunflower

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
JH Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Relative Change

Five commercial cultivars of sunflower were grown in cabinets at three temperature regimes, 32/22, 27/17 and 22/12°C, and with 15-h and 11-h photoperiods, and expansion of leaves 5-15 was followed. Leaves appeared faster with increasing temperature (0.022 leaves day-1 °C-1) and with increasing daylength. Areas of individual leaves increased linearly up the plant profile and, although final area per leaf (Amax) decreased with increasing temperature, the relative change was similar for each leaf position. Cultivars maintained their ranking for Amax across temperatures, and these rankings agreed with those in previous field studies. Within each temperature regime, both the expansion rate of leaves and the duration of expansion increased with leaf position. As temperature increased, leaves grew for shorter periods with a change of 1.04 days °C-1, but under the photon flux density used (500 �mol m-2 s-1, or about 25% full sunlight) expansion rates were greatest at the lowest temperature. Expansion rates were only one-third of those in field studies at comparable temperatures, but durations were similar. Cultivars that achieved the largest Amax did so via faster rates of expansion and not via longer durations: only one cultivar differed from the mean (20 days) duration of leaf expansion. All cultivars reached floral initiation progressively earlier with extension of photoperiod from 10 to 15 h, with the change for the most sensitive cultivars being 8 days and for the least sensitive 5 days. Rates of leaf emergence were linked with this sensitivity.

Photosynthetic responses of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to photon flux density, leaf temperature and CO2 concentration

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chen ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Two cultivars (Huanghemi and Elizabeth) of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were evaluated to determine the effect of photon flux density (PFD), leaf temperature, and CO,2 concentration on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn). The cultivars were evaluated under open field and solar-heated greenhouse conditions in northwest China. The Pn increased as the PFD increased, and then the rate of increase in Pn declined for Huanghemi and decreased for Elizabeth. Elizabeth registered 22 µmol m-2 s-1 for light compensation and 1127 µmol m-2 s-1 for light saturation, which, respectively, were 50 and 70% of those required by Huanghemi. The Pn increased with increasing leaf temperatures in the range of 9.8 to 50.8°C. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis was 35.3°C for muskmelon grown in open field, 2.4°C (7%) greater than that for muskmelon grown in the greenhouse. At optimal temperatures, the field-grown muskmelon had the Pn of 19.8 µmol m-2 s-1, 30% greater than that for the greenhouse-grown muskmelon. Both cultivars responded positively to CO2 concentrations of below the CO2 saturation points, whereas Huanghemi exhibited greater (51%) Pn and higher (49%) carboxylation efficiency than Elizabeth at optimal CO2 level. The two cultivars exhibited greater photosynthesis in open field than when grown in solar-heated greenhouses, while Elizabeth performed better than Huanghemi when light conditions were poor. Selective use of cultivars with low requirements for light and temperatures will enhance the photosynthesis and productivity of muskmelon grown in solar-heated greenhouses of northwest China. Key words: Light compensation, light saturation, photon flux density, transpiration

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