Effect of maternal glucose infusion on brown adipose tissue and liver development in the neonatal lamb

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Clarke ◽  
DC Andrews ◽  
MA Lomax ◽  
ME Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Liver Development ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Maternal Glucose

The effect of maternal glucose infusion over the final 5-7 days of gestation in under-fed ewes on perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver development in lambs over the first month of neonatal life was examined. During glucose infusion, higher maternal plasma concentrations of glucose and thyroid hormones, and lower plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and 3-hydroxybutyrate were observed, compared with saline-infused controls. These differences were not observed 1-1.5 h before parturition when plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, cortisol and thyroid hormones all increased in control ewes. Lamb birthweight and liver and BAT weights were similar between groups, but lambs born to glucose-infused ewes had a higher hepatic glycogen content and greater iodothyronine 5'deiodinase activities in liver and BAT. The norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine contents were also greater in BAT sampled from lambs born to glucose infused ewes. Three lambs born to glucose-infused ewes failed to survive beyond the second week of life and exhibited abnormally low plasma triiodothyronine concentrations. It is concluded that maternal glucose infusion stimulates development of the fetal sympathetic nervous system during late gestation but this adaptation does not appear to improve postnatal survival.

scholarly journals Maternal manipulation of brown adipose tissue and liver development in the ovine fetus during late gestation

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Clarke ◽  
Michael J. Bryant ◽  
Michael A. Lomax ◽  
Michael E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Liver Development ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Brown Adipose

AbstractWe examined the effect of maternal chronic cold exposure, induced by winter-shearing ewes 4 weeks before their predicted lambing date, on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver development in lambs. Fetuses were sampled from under-fed (60% of energy requirements for maintenance and pregnancy of an unshorn ewe) shorn or unshorn ewes at 126,140 and 145 d of gestation. Lambs were sampled from ewes within 2 h of birth. Throughout gestation fetal body, BAT and liver weights were similar in shorn and unshorn groups. The level of GDP binding to mitochondrial uncoupling protein remained low throughout gestation, but increased dramatically after birth. Lambs born to shorn ewes possesd more mitochondrial protein and exhibited a significantly higher total thermogenic activity in BAT. Type I iodothyronine 5 deiodinas(EC 3.8.1.4) activity in BAT peaked at birth, as did hepatic iodothyronine Sdeiodinase activity and was significantly greater in lambs born to under-fed shorn ewes, which exhibited a higher plasma triiodothyronine concentration. Chronic maternal adaptations to prolonged cold exposure appear to enable pregnant ewes to compensate for the negative effects of under-feeding on fetal growth and development

Suppression of norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by fasting

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E582-E586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hayashi ◽  
T. Nagasaka
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Thermogenic Response

Fasting-induced changes in thermogenic responses to norepinephrine (NE, 4.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 iv) were studied in anesthetized rats previously cold acclimated. The rats were divided into five groups at the end of 30–40 days of cold acclimation (5 degrees C). The five groups were kept for 5 days at 25 degrees C and fed (intact fed), fasted (intact fasted), fasted with daily treatment with thyroxine (T4, 2 micrograms/kg sc), thyroidectomized and fed, or thyroidectomized and fasted. In the intact fasted group, in which the weight of brown adipose tissue decreased, NE-induced increases in oxygen consumption, colonic temperature (T col), and temperature of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (TBAT) were markedly suppressed. The two thyroidectomized groups also showed a reduction in thermogenic response. In these three groups, TBAT was lower than Tcol throughout NE infusion. In the T4-treated fasted group, fasting-induced suppression of thermogenic response to NE was largely prevented. In the intact fed and the T4-treated fasted groups, TBAT attained higher values than Tcol during NE infusion. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones were significantly lower in the intact fasted group than in the intact fed or the T4-treated fasted group. These results suggest that fasting-induced suppression of the thermogenic response to NE is largely due to the reduced thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to NE. The lowering of the levels of the thyroid hormones induced by fasting may be one of a number of causes of the reduction in the thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue.

Cortisol has no effect on prolactin receptor (PRLR) abundance in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in late gestation fetal sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. A39-A39
Author(s):  
S. Pearce ◽  
H. Budge ◽  
A. Forhead ◽  
A. Fowden ◽  
P. Ingleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Brown Adipose

Fetal and neonatal adipose maturation: a primary site of cytokine and cytokine-receptor action

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stephenson ◽  
H. Budge ◽  
A. Mostyn ◽  
S. Pearce ◽  
R. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Brown Adipose

During late gestation, the maturation of fetal adipose tissue is geared towards the synthesis of high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is unique to brown adipose tissue. At birth, rapid activation of UCP1 ensures a large increase in heat production. These adaptations are nutritionally sensitive, and may be mediated in part by rapid changes in prolactin and leptin secretion after birth. Restriction of maternal nutrition reduces adipose tissue deposition, with no effect on UCP1. Increased maternal food intake results in increases in levels of UCP1 and the short form of the prolactin receptor, but in a decrease in adipose tissue content per kg of fetus. The ontogeny of the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor follows that of UCP1, to peak at birth. Then, during postnatal life, UCP1 disappears in parallel with the loss of prolactin receptors. Treatment of neonatal lambs with prolactin increases body temperature and the thermogenic potential of brown adipose tissue. In contrast, acute leptin treatment results in maintenance of colonic temperature, but chronic leptin treatment accelerates UCP1 loss. Increasing our understanding of the interaction between prolactin and leptin during perinatal development may enable the establishment of strategies aimed at maximizing adipose tissue development in order to promote metabolic adaptation to the extra-uterine environment.

Upregulation of uncoupling proteins by oral administration of capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2408-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoriko Masuda ◽  
Satoshi Haramizu ◽  
Kasumi Oki ◽  
Koichiro Ohnuki ◽  
Tatsuo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pepper Cultivar ◽  
Ucp2 Mrna

Capsiate is a nonpungent capsaicin analog, a recently identified principle of the nonpungent red pepper cultivar CH-19 Sweet. In the present study, we report that 2-wk treatment of capsiate increased metabolic rate and promoted fat oxidation at rest, suggesting that capsiate may prevent obesity. To explain these effects, at least in part, we examined uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and thyroid hormones. UCPs and thyroid hormones play important roles in energy expenditure, the maintenance of body weight, and thermoregulation. Two-week treatment of capsiate increased the levels of UCP1 protein and mRNA in brown adipose tissue and UCP2 mRNA in white adipose tissue. This dose of capsiate did not change serum triiodothyronine or thyroxine levels. A single dose of capsiate temporarily raised both UCP1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue and UCP3 mRNA in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that UCP1 and UCP2 may contribute to the promotion of energy metabolism by capsiate, but that thyroid hormones do not.

Melatonin specifically stimulates type-II thyroxine 5′-deiodination in brown adipose tissue of Syrian hamsters

1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Puig-Domingo ◽  
J. M. Guerrero ◽  
A. Menéndez-Pelaez ◽  
R. J. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Group Serum

ABSTRACT The response of type-II thyroxine 5′-deiodinase (5′-DII)DII) to melatonin treatment was studied in the Syrian hamster. Male hamsters were treated for 15 days with a s.c. pellet containing melatonin, and 5′-DII activity in brown adipose tissue, anterior pituitary gland, Harderian gland and pineal gland was measured using a radioenzymatic technique. Melatonin-treated animals exhibited enhanced 5′-DII activity restricted to brown adipose tissue; the increase was threefold above the values measured in the control group. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were unaffected by melatonin treatment. We conclude that the stimulatory effect of melatonin on type-II thyroxine 5′-deiodination is specifically directed to the isoenzyme located in brown adipose tissue and is not accompanied by changes in serum thyroid hormones. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 122, 553–556

Thyroid hormones and 5'-deiodinase in rat brown adipose tissue during fetal life

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. E625-E631 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Obregon ◽  
C. Ruiz de Ona ◽  
A. Hernandez ◽  
R. Calvo ◽  
F. Escobar del Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'D) activities are very high during fetal life but decrease 10-fold a few hours before birth. Accordingly, BAT 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations are also very high. The temporal patterns of changes in BAT 5'-D and fetal plasma insulin are similar (and differ from the pattern for catecholamines) but are not superimposable. A causal role for insulin in the activation of fetal BAT 5'-D is therefore not supported by the data. Maternal thyroidectomy leads to a decrease in the total and relative weight of fetal BAT and to a 30-50% increase in BAT 5'-D activities; BAT thyroid hormone concentrations are essentially unchanged. Fetal hypothyroidism was induced by giving methimazole and resulted in a marked decrease of BAT thyroxine (T4) and T3 concentrations. This treatment increased BAT 5'-D activity only on day 21 of gestation, but no effect was observed on day 20. The fetal 5'-D response to thyroid hormones infused into the methimazole-treated dams was studied at 21 days of gestation. The increase in BAT 5'-D induced by methimazole treatment was prevented by T4 infused into control dams but not by T3. In fetuses from thyroidectomized dams, the pattern of 5'-D regulation by thyroid hormones was impaired. It is suggested that the high concentrations of thyroid hormones present in fetal BAT might participate in the general maturation and development of fetal BAT.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue genes in pericardial adipose tissue of newborn sheep are downregulated by maternal nutrient restriction in late gestation

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Ojha ◽  
Lindsay Robinson ◽  
Momina Yazdani ◽  
Michael E. Symonds ◽  
Helen Budge
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pericardial Adipose Tissue

EFFECTS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM ON THE BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE OF ADULT RATS: COMPARISON WITH THE EFFECTS OF ADAPTATION TO COLD

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERARD MORY ◽  
DANIEL RICQUIER ◽  
PIERRE PESQUIÉS ◽  
PHILIPPE HÉMON
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adaptation To Cold ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Lipid Stores

Hypothyroidism was induced in adult rats by oral absorption of methimazole and its effects on brown adipose tissue (BAT) were studied. Hypothyroidism partially mimicked the effects of chronic exposure to cold: BAT weight and its DNA content were increased and the mitochondrial components (proteins, phospholipids) of the tissue were greatly enhanced when expressed per unit of fresh tissue weight. Moreover, hypothyroidism had the same effects as adaptation to cold on the fatty-acid composition of both total and mitochondrial phospholipids. Basal respiratory rate and total cytochrome C oxidase activity of the tissue were also increased. However, the increase in the concentration of the '32 000 mol. wt protein', a polypeptide which regulates the dissipation of heat by BAT, was smaller and non-selective in hypothyroid rats. The amount of this protein was increased per mg tissue, but not per mg mitochondrial proteins, as in rats adapted to cold. Furthermore, in contrast with the large mobilization of the lipid stores in BAT of euthyroid animals, the BAT lipid stores of hypothyroid rats were not mobilized during the first hours of exposure to cold. It may be concluded that (a) hypothyroidism induces several alterations in BAT which are characteristic of an active thermogenic state (this may be because of the response of the organism to the deficiency of thermogenesis induced by hypothyroidism), (b) this potential increase in thermogenic capacity in the BAT of hypothyroid rats has probably a limited physiological role, since thyroid hormones are necessary for the mobilization of the tissue lipids which are the fuel for production of heat and (c) these data provide evidence for a limited role of thyroid hormones in the trophic response of BAT during adaptation to cold.

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