Cassytha pubescens and C. glabella (Lauraceae) are not disjunctly distributed between Australia and the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan - evidence from morphological and molecular data

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Kokubugata ◽  
Koh Nakamura ◽  
Paul I. Forster ◽  
Gary W. Wilson ◽  
Ailsa E. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Pacific Species

Morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted to resolve taxonomic confusion in Cassytha glabella and C. pubescens, both of which were first described from Australia and subsequently considered to be disjunctly distributed between Australia and the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan. In the morphological comparisons, plants considered as C. pubescens in the Ryukyus differ from C. pubescens in Australia in the presence or absence of hairs on the petals, and those considered as C. glabella in the Ryukyus differ from the C. glabella in Australia in bract and peduncle morphology. The molecular analyses indicated that plants attributed to C. pubescens in the Ryukyus were not closely related to C. pubescens in Australia, and were nested in a clade of populations of a Pan-Western Pacific species C. filiformis. Plants attributed to C. glabella in the Ryukyus were distantly related to C. glabella in Australia. We concluded that plants considered as C. pubescens and C. glabella in the Ryukyus are to be respectively treated as C. filiformis and the Ryukyu endemic species C. pergracilis.

Cymbidium motuoense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 509 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
WENQI HU ◽  
QINGHAI ZHANG ◽  
GUIZHEN CHEN ◽  
MENGJIA ZHU ◽  
XIA YU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

This study describes a new orchid species, Cymbidium motuoense, from Xizang, China based on morphological and molecular analyses. Several unique morphological features distinguish this new orchid from all other species of Cymbidium. Based on its morphology, this orchid is similar to C. tracyanum but differs in its yellow-green flower with dark purple-red spots on the veins, oblong-elliptic sepals, side lobes of the lip with reddish brown hairs along the veins and disc with three purple-red lamellae. Phylogenetic analyses based on plastid DNA (matK and rbcL) supported C. motuoense as a new species. However, the low support in nuclear ribosomal ITS tree provide the possibility that the new orchid may be a natural hybrid of C. tracyanum and C. iridioides or another closely related species.

Review: Freshwater and Soil Foraminifera – A Story of Long-Forgotten Relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-331
Author(s):  
Maria Holzmann ◽  
Andrew J. Gooday ◽  
Ferry Siemensma ◽  
Jan Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRACT Foraminifera are a primarily marine taxon widespread in all oceanic habitats, from shallow, brackish-water settings to deep-seafloor and pelagic realms. Their diversity is remarkable with several thousand species described and a fossil record tracing back to the Cambrian. While foraminifera represent one of the best-studied groups of marine meiofauna, much less is known about their non-marine relatives. The first freshwater foraminifera were described in the 19th century by European and North American protozoologists, but interest in them lapsed during much of the 20th century and was not rekindled until the advent of molecular systematics provided a fresh impetus to their study. Several new species, genera, and families have been described recently based on morphological and molecular data derived from cultured specimens. In parallel, environmental genomic studies revealed that foraminifera are highly diverse and ubiquitous in freshwater and soil environments. Molecular phylogenetic analyses places non-marine foraminifera in a few clades among the large array of single-chambered (monothalamous) lineages, suggesting that several independent colonization events of freshwater and terrestrial habitats occurred. Non-marine foraminifera are turning from obscure curiosities to being recognized as an important part of soil and freshwater microbial communities, a major component of these complex environments.

Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Shchenkov ◽  
S.A. Denisova ◽  
G.A. Kremnev ◽  
A.A. Dobrovolskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.

Antitropical distribution of Lobelia species (Campanulaceae) between the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Oceania as indicated by molecular data

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Kokubugata ◽  
Koh Nakamura ◽  
Paul I. Forster ◽  
Yumiko Hirayama ◽  
Masatsugu Yokota
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Ryukyu Archipelago ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

We tested the antitropical distribution of Lobelia loochooensis, endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan, and its putative sister species of the same section Hypsela in Oceania (Australia and New Zealand). Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on cpDNA sequences were conducted for 41 Lobelia species of 11 sections including all the species of sect. Hypsela investigated in Asia and Malesia and 32 species of 16 allied genera of family Campanulaceae, because the genus Lobelia is known to be polyphyletic. In the result, L. loochooensis and an Australian endemic L. fluviatilis formed a clade, and this clade was sister to a clade of four New Zealand endemics: L. carens, L. fatiscens, L. fugax and L. ionantha. These two clades were nested in a clade with two other Australian congeners. We conclude that: (1) the lineage of L. loochooensis and the five Lobelia species occurring in Oceania demonstrate an antitropical distribution pattern; and (2) L. loochooensis has likely originated from a dispersal event from Australia to the Ryukyu Archipelago.

Combining morphological and molecular data to classify Laxus sakihariiae sp. n., a new stilbonematine nematode (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the coast of Sesoko Island, Japan

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leduc ◽  
Frederic Sinniger
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Simple Body ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Because of their relatively simple body plan, the number of morphological characters used to differentiate between closely related nematode genera is often limited. In addition, boundaries among genera sometimes become blurred due to the appearance of new trait combinations as more new species are described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses can address the shortcomings of morphological taxonomy by clarifying relationships among closely related species and genera and can help identify which morphological characters are taxonomically informative. Here, we describeLaxus sakihariiaesp. n. from shallow subtidal sands on Sesoko Island in the Okinawa prefecture, investigate phylogenetic relationships with other stilbonematine species and genera based on SSU rDNA sequences, and provide the first LSU rDNA sequence for the subfamily. The new species can be easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by the presence in the male of subventral and ventral rows of stout and spine-like setae in the pre- and postcloacal regions. This feature suggests affinities with the closely related genusLeptonemella, although the SSU consensus tree clearly shows that the new species forms a monophyletic clade together with the otherLaxusspecies for which sequences are available. The structure of the cephalic capsule inL. sakihariiaesp. n., which consists of a block layer between the median and basal zones of the cephalic cuticle, is consistent with the placement of this species. This trait is not currently used as a diagnostic feature, but our finding suggests that the structure of the cephalic capsule may be taxonomically useful for differentiating between some stilbonematine genera.

A taxonomic reassessment of Chlamydomonas meslinii (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) with a description of Paludistella gen.nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
HANI SUSANTI ◽  
MASAKI YOSHIDA ◽  
TAKESHI NAKAYAMA ◽  
TAKASHI NAKADA ◽  
MAKOTO M. WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Novel Genus ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Chlamydomonas (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae) is a large polyphyletic genus that includes numerous species that should be classified into independent genera. The present study aimed to examine the authentic strain of Chlamydomonas meslinii and related strains based on morphological and molecular data. All the strains possessed an asteroid chloroplast with a central pyrenoid and hemispherical papilla; however, they were different based on cell and stigmata shapes. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA, atpB, and psaB indicated that the strains represented a distinct subclade in the clade Chloromonadinia. The secondary structure of ITS-2 supported the separation of the strains into four species. Based on the results, we propose a novel genus, Paludistella, including P. meslinii comb. nov., P. chlorostelatta comb. nov., P. asymmetrica sp. nov., and P. trianguloculus sp. nov.

scholarly journals A new species and four new records of Amanita (Amanitaceae; Basidiomycota) from Northern Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJARONG THONGBAI ◽  
RODHAM E. TULLOSS ◽  
STEVEN L. MILLER ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
JIE CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Biodiversity Study ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Mushrooms belonging to the genus Amanita were collected during a fungal biodiversity study in northern Thailand in 2012–2014. Morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the mushrooms to species. Amanita castanea is described as new to science and compared with phenetically and phylogenetically similar species. It is assignable to Amanita stirps Citrina within Amanita series Mappae. Four other species, A. concentrica, A. rimosa, A. cf. rubromarginata and A. zangii are first reports for Thailand; detailed morphological and molecular data are provided for the Thai material.

New morphological observations on Neolobocriconema serratum (Khan & Siddiqi, 1963) Mehta & Raski, 1971 (Rhabditida: Criconematidae)

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Its1 Rdna ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Summary A population of Neolobocriconema serratum was recovered from the rhizosphere of Hosta sp., northern Iran, for the first time. It was studied using morphological and molecular data and new morphological observations were made. The Iranian population is characterised by females having 37-43 body annuli, their outer margin ornamented with 12-14 small lobe-like outgrowths under light microscopy, anastomoses occur sparsely in some females and the succeeding annulus is usually anteriorly bent opposite to the vulva. The cephalic region has a single smooth wavy annulus with grooves and is separated from the first, wider body annulus by a very short neck. Four prominent discoid submedian lobes and two lateral pseudolips present, appearing two layered (i.e., one above the other) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Body 487-607 μm long, stylet 85-93 μm long with rounded to anchor-shaped knobs, ovary very long, vulva generally closed, but open in some specimens under SEM. Tail conoid with bluntly rounded end and males absent. The recovered population agreed well with the type population based upon the morphometric data and female morphology. In having an almost identical morphology and morphometrics, N. allantoideum is proposed as a junior synonym of N. serratum. The molecular phylogenetic analyses were done by using near-full-length sequences of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1 rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA). The Iranian population of this species formed a clade with three other populations of the species in the SSU rDNA, and with one population in both the ITS1 rDNA and the COI mtDNA trees using Bayesian inference.

scholarly journals NEW MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON PRATYLENCHUS THORNEI SHER & ALLEN, 1953 (NEMATODA PRATYLENCHIDAE) BASED ON THE POPULATION FROM IRAN

Redia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
EBRAHIM MOVAHEDIFAR ◽  
SEDIGHE AZIMI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Southwest Iran

A population of Pratylenchus thornei was recovered from the rhizospheric soil of sugarcane in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran. It was studied using morphological and molecular data and new morphological observations were made. This population is characterized by 457-551 μm long females, lateral field with five or six smooth incisures, lip region with three annuli, stylet 14.0-16.8 μm long with rounded basal knobs, spermatheca empty, tail subcylindrical and slightly conical towards tip, tail terminus truncate, subdigitate, trilobed or indented. Comparisons with some previously reported populations and similar species are discussed. This is the first report of the species from sugarcane fields in Iran. The molecular phylogenetic analyses were done by using partial sequences of the D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit, and internal transcribed spacer (LSU D2-D3 and ITS rDNA) regions. The studied population of the species formed a maximally supported clade with other sequences of the species in both phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference

scholarly journals Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Matthew E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

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