scholarly journals Gender, peer and partner influences on adolescent HIV risk in rural South Africa

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Harrison ◽  
Jenni Smit ◽  
Susie Hoffman ◽  
Thobile Nzama ◽  
Cheng-Shiun Leu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Peer Norms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Interventions

Background and methods In preparation for a school-based intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, a cross-sectional survey of potential HIV risk factors in youth aged 14–17 (n = 983) was conducted. Results: Boys were significantly more likely than girls to report lifetime sexual activity (37.7% v. 13.8%, P < 0.01). Among boys and girls, 46.1% reported condom use at last sex. Discussion of condom use with a partner was the strongest predictor of condom use (boys, odds ratio (OR) = 7.39; girls, OR = 5.58, P < 0.0001). Age was independently associated with sexual activity for boys (OR = 1.49, P < 0.0001) and girls (OR = 1.74, P = 0.02). For boys, perceptions of male peer behaviour were associated with both ever having participated in sexual activity (OR = 1.48, P < 0.01) and condom use at last sex (OR = 1.79, P < 0.01). Girls who equated condom use with having numerous partners were more likely to use them. Among boys, results challenged some expected gender beliefs: support for girls’ initiative in relationship formation and refusal of sex were significant predictors of sexual activity. Among girls, higher pregnancy risk perception (OR = 1.32, P = 0.02) and knowledge (OR = 4.85, P = 0.055) were associated with sexual activity. Conclusions: Creating more gender equitable norms can reduce HIV risk behaviours. HIV prevention interventions should build on existing gender equitable beliefs, and work to promote others, including sexual communication and negotiation skills, and modelling of positive peer norms.

scholarly journals HIV risk behaviour among public primary healthcare patients with tuberculosis in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective. To identify factors associated with HIV in tuberculosis (TB) patients in a public primary healthcare (PHC) setting in South Africa (SA).Method. Among 4 900 consecutively selected TB patients (54.5% men; women 45.5%) from 42 public PHC clinics in 3 districts in SA, a cross-sectional survey was performed to assess new TB and new TB retreatment patients within one month of anti-TB treatment.Results. The sample comprised 76.6% new TB patients and 23.4% TB retreatment patients. Of those who had tested for HIV, 59.9% were HIV-positive; 9.6% had never tested for HIV. In multivariate analysis, older age (odds ratio (OR) 5.86; confidence interval (CI) 4.07 - 8.44), female gender (OR 0.47; CI 0.37 - 0.59), residing in an informal settlement (OR 1.55; CI 1.13 - 2.12), being a TB retreatment patient (OR 0.55; CI 0.42 - 0.72), occasions of sexual intercourse with condom use (OR 1.07; CI 1.02 - 1.13) and having a sexual partner receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR 7.09, CI 4.35 - 11.57) were associated with an HIV-positive status in TB patients.Conclusion. This study revealed high HIV risk behaviour (e.g. unprotected last sexual intercourse and alcohol and drug use in the context of sexual intercourse) among TB patients in SA. Various factors were associated with HIV risk behaviour. Condom use and substance use risk reduction need to be considered as HIV-prevention measures when planning such strategies for TB patients.

scholarly journals Coital frequency and condom use in age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24: evidence from a cross-sectional study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin George ◽  
Brendan Maughan-Brown ◽  
Sean Beckett ◽  
Meredith Evans ◽  
Cherie Cawood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Coital Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

ObjectiveThis study examines the role of age-disparate partnerships on young women’s HIV risk by investigating coital frequency and condom use within age-disparate partnerships involving women aged 15 to 24.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingParticipants were randomly selected using a two-stage random sampling method in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between June 2014 and June 2015.ParticipantsA total of 1306 15–24-year-old women in an ongoing heterosexual partnership were included in the analysis. Participants had to be a resident in the area for 12 months, and able to provide informed consent and speak one of the local languages (Zulu or English).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSexual frequency was assessed by asking participants how many times they had sex with each partner in the past 12 months. The degree of condomless sex within partnerships was assessed in the survey by asking participants how often they used a condom with their partners.ResultsAge-disparate partnerships were associated with a higher order category (once, 2–5, 6–10, 11–20, >20) of coital frequency (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.32, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71) and with sex on more than 10 occasions (aOR 1.48, p<0.01, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.96) compared with age-similar partnerships. Age-disparate partnerships were also more likely to involve sex on more than 10 occasions with inconsistent condom use (aOR 1.43, p<0.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.96) in the previous 12 months.ConclusionThe finding that increased sexual activity is positively associated with age-disparate partnerships adds to the evidence that age-disparate partnerships pose greater HIV risk for young women. Our study results indicate that interventions to reduce risky sexual behaviour within age-disparate partnerships remain relevant to reducing the high HIV incidence rates among adolescent girls and young women.

scholarly journals Sexual practices and condom use among a sample of Northern and Indigenous adolescents in Northern Canada: cross-sectional survey results

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen H Logie ◽  
Candice L Lys ◽  
Jamie Fujioka ◽  
Nancy MacNeill ◽  
Kayley Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada is an urgent concern as STI prevalence is seven-fold the national average. The study objective was to explore factors associated with sexual activity and condom use among adolescents in the NWT.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey with youth aged 13–18-years-old in 17 NWT communities. We use Poisson regression models with a robust sandwich error variance to estimate adjusted relative risks estimates of the likelihood of experiencing the primary outcomes of sexual activity (vaginal/anal/oral sex) and consistent condom use (oral/anal sex) in the past 3 months by gender.ResultsParticipants (n=607; mean age: 14.2 years; SD: 1.5) included adolescent cisgender girls (n=302; 49.5%), cisgender boys (n=298; 48.9%) and transgender persons (n=7; 1.2%). Most identified as Indigenous (n=444; 73.1%) and 14.0% (n=85) as lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer sexuality (LGBQ+). Among sexually active individuals (n=115), less than half (n=54; 47.0%) reported past 3 month consistent condom use. In adjusted analyses among girls, sexual activity was associated with age, STI knowledge, and alcohol/drug use; LGBQ+ identity and alcohol/drug use were associated with reduced likelihood of condom use. Among boys, sexual activity was associated with age and alcohol/drug use; LGBQ+ identity was associated with increased likelihood of condom use.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate sexual activity among adolescents in the NWT varies by gender, age, and alcohol/drug use. Consistent condom utilisation was low, particularly for those using alcohol/drugs. Gender-tailored STI prevention strategies with Northern adolescents should address alcohol/drug use and build protective factors.

scholarly journals Developing effective HIV education in Central Asia: a cross-sectional study among Kazakh medical students

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 571-576
Author(s):  
Zhamilya Sakenovna Nugmanova ◽  
Gulzhakhan Mazhitovna Akhmetova ◽  
Gulnara Sayabekovna Kurmangalieva ◽  
Nataliya Grigorievna Kovtunenko ◽  
Gulmira Rakhatovna Kalzhanbaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The HIV epidemic continues to expand in Central Asia, bridging from injecting drug users to the general population, largely through heterosexual transmission. This study describes medical students’ attitudes and behaviours regarding HIV and sexual practices in response to recently introduced HIV curriculum. Methodology: Medical students in Almaty, Kazakhstan, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey between April and November, 2013. The survey assessed participant’s risk behaviours (e.g., injecting drug use, condom use), concerns related to HIV infection risk (e.g., medical care exposures, personal behaviours), and ability to identify HIV-positive individuals without asking their status. Bivariate analyses (Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test) and multivariate analysis (log-binomial regression) were conducted. Results: Of 647 medical students, the majority were female (82.2%) and single (92.8%) with a median age of 21-22 years. Sexual activity was reported by 176 (27.2%); males were substantially more likely to report sexual activity (74.8% males vs. 16.9% females, p <.0001). The majority of sexually active medical students (65.6% and 68.3% males and females, respectively) believe they can determine if their partner is HIV-positive without asking or seeking a laboratory test. This proportion is much higher (92.6%) among married or cohabitating women. No association between perceived ability to ascertain HIV status and condom use was identified. Conclusions: The medical students in our study had a relatively naïve perception of HIV risk, and their knowledge of risk did not translate to appropriate precautionary behaviours. Much work remains if the epidemic in Central Asia is to be contained.

scholarly journals Impact of National HIV and AIDS Communication Campaigns in South Africa to Reduce HIV Risk Behaviour

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Warren Parker ◽  
Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽  
Elias Makonko ◽  
Khangelani Zuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communication Campaigns

In South Africa social and behavioural communication interventions are a critical component of HIV/AIDS prevention, and numerous communication campaigns have been implemented intensively across the country through government initiatives and nongovernmental organisations over the past decade. The aim of this paper is to assess the reach of HIV and AIDS communication campaigns in conjunction with contributions to knowledge, attitudes, and HIV risk behaviours in the general population in South Africa. The sample included in this nationally representative cross-sectional survey was 13234 people aged 15–55 years. Overall, the study found that there was high exposure to 18 different HIV communication programmes (median 6 programmes and 14 programmes more than 30%) across different age groups. Most programmes were more often seen or heard by young people aged between 15 and 24 years. In multivariate analysis, greater exposure to HIV mass communication programmes was associated with greater HIV knowledge, condom use at last sex, having tested for HIV in the past 12 months, and less stigmatizing attitude toward PLWHA.

scholarly journals From ‘sugar daddies’ to ‘sugar babies’: exploring a pathway among age-disparate sexual relationships, condom use and adolescent pregnancy in South Africa

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elona Toska ◽  
Lucie D. Cluver ◽  
Mark Boyes ◽  
Marija Pantelic ◽  
Caroline Kuo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Background Adolescent pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes. Most studies proposing risk pathways for adolescent pregnancy in South Africa are qualitative, hypothesising links among age-disparate relationships, reduced condom use and higher pregnancy rates. No known South African studies have quantitatively explored pathways to adolescent pregnancy. Objectives: This study aimed to: (i) identify the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and (ii) explore a pathway of risk by assessing whether condom use mediated the relationship between age-disparate sexual relationships and adolescent pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 447 sexually active girls aged 10–19 years was undertaken in six health districts of South Africa. Multivariate logistic regressions controlled for confounders. Mediation tests used bootstrapping. Results: Consistent condom use (β = –2.148, odds ratio (OR) = 8.566, P ≤ 0.001) and school enrolment (β = –1.600, OR = 0.202, P ≤ 0.001) were associated with lower pregnancy rates. Age-disparate sex (β = 1.093, OR = 2.982, P ≤ 0.001) and long-term school absences (β = 1.402, OR = 4.061, P ≤ 0.001) were associated with higher pregnancy rates. The indirect effect of age-disparate sex on adolescent pregnancy through condom use was significant, irrespective of age, age at sexual initiation, poverty and residential environment (B = 0.4466, s.d. = 0.1303, confidence interval: 0.2323–0.7428). Conclusion: This survey supports hypotheses that inability to negotiate condom use in age-disparate sexual relationships may drive adolescent pregnancy. Interventions addressing these relationships, facilitating condom use and increasing access to sexual health services among adolescents might avert unwanted pregnancies.

Proposal for Improving Records Management Practices of Traditional Institutions in Ga Molepo, South Africa

Mousaion ◽  
10.25159/2054 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Mahlaga Johannes Molepo ◽  
Linda M. Cloete
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Traditional Institutions

The way in which an institution treats its records is crucial for its survival in a rapidly changing society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the records management practices and challenges faced by traditional institutions of leadership and governance in Ga Molepo, Limpopo, South Africa. The researcher employed a cross-sectional survey in order to quantitatively examine the challenges faced by members of traditional councils. A researcher administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool to study a stratified sample of 35 members from an estimated population of 350. The findings revealed patterns and trends of non-compliance with records management standards and guidelines. Although there were sporadic cases of record keeping, a greater number of respondents revealed that traditional institutions lack the facilities, equipment, education and trained/skilled personnel to apply correct records management procedures in their daily administration of their traditional communities. The main value of the study is to create awareness of records management as one of the neglected areas in traditional institutions – which are by current legislative arrangement, the closest form of leadership and governance for rural communities in light of their relationship with local municipalities and the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs.

A Relational Turbulence Model of Sexual Communication in Couples With Depression

2020 ◽  
pp. 009365022095822
Author(s):  
Amy L. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Relational Uncertainty ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relational Turbulence ◽  
Communication About Sex ◽  
Relational Turbulence Model

Couples coping with depression are prone to unique and pervasive sexual intimacy challenges and experience troubles communicating effectively. Successful sexual communication improves sexual and relationship satisfaction, making communication particularly important for couples facing sexual difficulties. In this study, the relational turbulence model serves as a framework to examine associations between sexual communication and both sexual and relationship satisfaction in couples ( N = 106) in which one or both partners live with depression. Results of a cross-sectional survey suggest sexual communication mediates relationships between both relational uncertainty and interference from a partner with sexual/relationship satisfaction. Results illuminate functions of communication about sex as couples navigate sexual and relational effects of depression.

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