23. Prevalence of virus infection of human papillomavirus and identification of variants in the anal canal of men who have sex with men HIV-positive in Mexico

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Rocio Susana Méndez Martínez ◽  
Norma Rivera-Martínez ◽  
Juan G. Sierra-Madero ◽  
David Cantú de León ◽  
Alejandro García-Carranca
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been identified as a high-risk group for anal cancer. HPV has been found associated with this neoplasia as it has been in cervical cancer. Concurrent infection with HIV may facilitate or accelerate the pathological consequences of HPV infections. In Mexico, where cervical cancer is a major public health problem, little is known about the prevalence of anal cancer and the role of HPV in the HIV-positive population of MSM. Methods: We analysed 323 anal exudates from HIV-positive MSM, from the HIV Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición ‘Salvador Zubirán’, in Mexico City. Extraction and purification of DNA was performed with the Genomics Wizard kit (Promega), HPV detection was performed by PCR using primers MY09/11. All negative samples underwent a PCR for identification of fragment of the β-globin gene to check DNA integrity. Positive samples were subjected to PCR using specific primers for E6 of type 16, and the LCR from type 18. The identification of variants was determined by sequencing the E6 gene and the LCR of 40 samples positive for HPV type 16, using the Big Dye terminator kit and AB Prism 3100. We used INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra kit (INNOGENETICS), for the identification of 28 different types of HPV using SPF10 primers in these samples. Results: The prevalence of HPV in the anal epithelium of 323 patients was high (86%). 28% were positive for type 16, and 9% for type 18. Among those patients who were type 16+, all except one were co-infected with other HPV types that included 21 different types present in the following order: 11, 51, 52, 66, 68, 74, 18, 45, 35, 26, 44, 70, 53, 54, 82, 31, 33, 56, 58, 59. In addition, in these patients, European variants were the most prevalent, followed by Asian American ones. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV was high in the anal canal of a group of 323 HIV+ MSM in Mexico City. A group of 40 HPV16-positive patients showed multiple co-infections with other different HPV types. In addition, European variants of type 16 were the most prevalent. This study emphasises the need for an early detection of HPV infections in the anal canal of MSM who are positive for HIV in order to avoid progression to anal neoplasia.

scholarly journals Rationale and design of the Prevent Anal Cancer Self-Swab Study: a protocol for a randomised clinical trial of home-based self-collection of cells for anal cancer screening

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e051118
Author(s):  
Alan G Nyitray ◽  
Vanessa Schick ◽  
Michael D Swartz ◽  
Anna R Giuliano ◽  
Maria E Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Transgender Persons ◽  
Minority Men

IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma of the anus is a common cancer among sexual minority men, especially HIV-positive sexual minority men; however, there is no evidenced-based national screening protocol for detection of anal precancers. Our objective is to determine compliance with annual anal canal self-sampling or clinician-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, randomised, two-arm clinical study to evaluate compliance with annual home-based versus clinic-based HPV DNA screening of anal canal exfoliated cells. The setting is primary care community-based clinics. Recruitment is ongoing for 400 HIV-positive and HIV-negative sexual minority men and transgender persons, aged >25 years, English or Spanish speaking, no current use of anticoagulants other than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and no prior diagnosis of anal cancer. Participants are randomised to either receive a swab in the mail for home-based collection of an anal canal specimen at 0 and 12 months (arm 1) or attend a clinic for clinician collection of an anal canal specimen at 0 and 12 months (arm 2). Persons will receive clinic-based Digital Anal Rectal Examinations and high-resolution anoscopy-directed biopsy to assess precancerous lesions, stratified by study arm. Anal exfoliated cells collected in the study are assessed for high-risk HPV persistence and host/viral methylation. The primary analysis will use the intention-to-treat principle to compare the proportion of those who comply with 0-month and 12-month sampling in the home-based and clinic-based arms. The a priori hypothesis is that a majority of persons will comply with annual screening with increased compliance among persons in the home-based arm versus clinic-based arm.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Medical College of Wisconsin Human Protections Committee. Results will be disseminated to communities where recruitment occurred and through peer-reviewed literature and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03489707.

Betapapillomaviruses in the anal canal of HIV positive and HIV negative men who have sex with men

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boštjan Mlakar ◽  
Boštjan J. Kocjan ◽  
Lea Hošnjak ◽  
Kristina Fujs Komloš ◽  
Miloš Milošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals HIV-positive MSM’s knowledge of HPV and anal cancer self-sampling: A scoping review

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K.L. Poon ◽  
J.P.H. Wong ◽  
A.T.W. Li ◽  
M. Manuba ◽  
A. Bisignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men

Human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is the cause of anal squamous cell cancer (ascc) in 80% of cases. Available research has also shown high prevalence of anal hpv infection among men who have sex with men (msm). However, hpv vaccination is low among msm in Canada. In light of this information, we conducted a scoping review with the aim of exploring (1) the knowledge of hpv and anal cancer among hiv-positive msm and (2) the acceptability of hpv and anal cancer self-sampling in this population. In conducting the review, we searched five electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles and abstracts published in English, between 2007 and 2017. A total of 803 articles were retrieved; after accounting for duplicates (n=40) and unmet criteria (n=754), a total of 794 articles were excluded. A final total of nine articles were used in this review. Results of this review show that hiv-positive msm have limited knowledge regarding the risks of anal cancer associated with hiv and hpv coinfection. Furthermore, there is limited research on hpv and anal cancer self-sampling in this population. However, the review of available studies suggested that hiv-positive msm were open to anal cancer self-sampling. It also identified potential barriers to self-sampling. In conclusion, we provide suggestions and future directions for policy-makers and educators to develop inclusive and accessible strategies to reach hiv-positive msm regarding anal cancer education and self-screening.

Primary Anal Canal Syphilis in Men: The Clinicopathologic Spectrum of an Easily Overlooked Diagnosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purva Gopal ◽  
Rajal B. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Rectal Biopsy ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Sex With Men

Context The incidence of syphilis is on the rise, particularly in male patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, and men who have sex with men. Objective To describe 4 cases of primary syphilis presenting in the anal canal to increase awareness of its presentation and morphology in this location, as the diagnosis can be easily overlooked clinically and by the pathologist. Design Clinical presentation, hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections, and Treponema pallidum immunohistochemical staining were reviewed in detail in all 4 cases. Results Three patients presented with anal canal ulcers; one presented with an ulcerated anal mass. All 4 patients were male, of whom 2 were HIV positive. Syphilis was clinically suspected in only 1 case; in 2 cases, confirmatory evaluation and treatment were prompted by pathologic diagnosis. In the fourth case, syphilis was diagnosed serologically at time of biopsy; however, the patient had an anal mass, and malignancy was clinically suspected. All 4 cases had bandlike chronic plasma cell–rich inflammation at the squamous epithelium and lamina propria junction; 2 cases had poorly formed granulomas. One case had concomitant rectal biopsy specimens with proctitis. Treponema pallidum immunohistochemistry highlighted homing of organisms in a perivascular pattern and at the junction of squamous epithelium and lamina propria. Conclusions Syphilis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of anal canal ulcers, anorectal inflammatory masses, and proctitis. Detailed knowledge of clinical history and recognition of the characteristic pattern of inflammation by the pathologist is important. Treponema pallidum immunohistochemical staining can help avoid a missed diagnosis of syphilis, which, if left unrecognized, can progress to late-stage disease with serious complications.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of High Carcinogenic Risk of HPV Genotypes among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative MSM from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ilia Beliakov ◽  
Maria Senina ◽  
Yuriy Tyulenev ◽  
Elena Novoselova ◽  
Viktor Surovtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high risk of lifelong anal cancer caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anal canal HR HPV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) with and without HIV infection in Moscow (Russia). We evaluated associations of some HIV coinfections (HSV and CMV) and HPV distribution among MSM with and without HIV infection. Methods. Two groups of HIV-positive (n = 60) and HIV-negative (n = 60) MSM were evaluated in the study. Fourteen high-risk (HR) HPV types, HSV1/2, and CMV were investigated in men anal swabs. Results. HR HPVs were found with nearly the same frequency of 66.7% in both groups: HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. HIV-positive status was statistically associated with the presence of several (more than two) HPV types ( p = 0.044 ). The most prevalent HR HPV genotypes were HPV18, HPV16, HPV56, and HPV33 for HIV-positive MSM and HPV56, HPV51, HPV66, and HPV16 for HIV-negatives. We found a statistically significant association of five HR HPV types with HIV status of MSM: HPV16 ( p = 0.028 ), HPV18 ( p = 0.00006 ), HPV58 ( p = 0.003 ), HPV33 ( p = 0.019 ), and HPV39 ( p = 0.026 ). The frequency of HSV1 (1.7%) and HSV2 (10%) infections and CMV (3.3%) infection was evaluated in the group of HIV-positive MSM. The frequency of HSV1 (5%) and HSV2 (6.7%) infections and CMV (0%) infection was evaluated, as well, in the group of HIV-negative MSM. Conclusion. Multiple HPV genotypes were detected significantly more often than single HPV genotype in the group of HIV-positive MSM. According to our data, 25% of HIV-positive MSM have HPV39; this is the only one of the five types of HR HPV (16, 18, 58, 33, and 39) associated with this group of MSM that has not yet been included in the HPV vaccines available on the market.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Indian HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lydia Hernandez ◽  
Rajiv Karthik ◽  
Murugesan Sivasubramanian ◽  
Anantharam Raghavendran ◽  
Shelly Lensing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Oral Hpv ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

Abstract Background: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations15-20, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals24,41. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population.Methods: We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history.Results: The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19-29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4-6.9]) in multivariable analyses.Conclusions: This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.

Human papillomavirus: screening and vaccination

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Elena Evgen’yevna Roik ◽  
Aleksey Nikolaevich Baranov ◽  
Maksim Vadimovich Usynin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Cancer Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Hpv Types

Every year, 500 000 women worldwide are diagnosed with cervical cancer. Currently, there is no doubt that certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) do act as causative agents of cervical cancer. Nowadays there are more than 150 different types of HPV are known. Certain types of viruses by affecting the epithelium of humans and animals lead to appearance of warts or papillomas, others lead to malignancy of squamous epithelium. The most common HPV types are 16 and 18, cause cervical cancer. Vaccination and screening are the most effective tools for preventing cervical cancer. Preventive vaccines are currently registered and actively used in many countries around the world.

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