scholarly journals Chromosomal Pairing and Pollen Viability in Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora stylosa Hybrids

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand P. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
Very High

Two prominent mangrove species of Fiji, Rhizophora mangle, Linn. Rhizophora stylosa Griff and their puative hyubrid (R x selala) were analysed for chromosome number and pairing. Both parental species and their hybrid possess a diploid number of (2n) = 36 chromosomes. Regular 18 bivalents were observed in two species but the hybrid lacked proper chromosome pairing during meiosis. Analysis of tetrads showed normal tetrad and microspores development in parental species but very high abnormality in the hybrid. Pollen fertility determined by staining technique and pollen germination technique showed very high pollen viability in both parental species but very low pollen viability in the putative hybrid. Lack of chromosomal homology appears to be contributing to high percentage of non-viable pollen resulting in complete sterility in the putative hybrid.

Cytogenetics and reproductive biology of mangroves in Rhizophoraceae

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Prakash Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Partial Homology

Three mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza, Rhizophora stylosa Griff. and a putative hybrid Rhizophora ×selala (Salvoza) between the latter two species were studied for their cytogenetics and reproductive biology. Although chromosome numbers in all four taxa were confirmed as 2n = 36, the size of the chromosomes was slightly larger in genus Bruguiera. Regular chromosome pairing was observed in the three species; however, in the hybrid meiosis was very irregular. Pollen viability in all three species was very high (>80%); however, in the hybrid pollen viability was <10%. This could be due to non-homology in the chromosomes of the two parental species and irregular meiosis in the hybrid. Due to highly irregular meiosis in the hybrid and uneven distribution of chromosomes to the two poles, most of the pollen was non-viable. All three species were fully self-compatible. Between B. gymnorrhiza and the two Rhizophora species, pollen in crosses and reciprocal crosses failed to germinate, indicating cross-incompatibility between these two genera. Partial cross-compatibility was recorded between R. samoensis and R. stylosa. In many crosses, pollen tubes were observed growing freely up to the base of the style. This also accords with occasional crossing of these species in nature. However, due to only partial homology in the chromosomes of these two species, the hybrids produced are always sterile. Similarly, cross-compatibility between the hybrid and its two parental species was also partial. This could be attributed to allelic differences between the two species and their hybrid and also to physiological and/or chemical hindrance of the pollen-tube growth through the stylar tissue.

Morphological and Anatomical Characterization of Solidago × niederederi and Other Sympatric Solidago Species

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Karpavičienė ◽  
Jolita Radušienė
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Solidago Virgaurea ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Numbers

Two species of invasive goldenrods, Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea, are spread over all territories of Lithuania. Solidago × niederederi, a putative hybrid between S. canadensis and native Solidago virgaurea, was found in 27 populations mixed with the parental species. This research represents the characterization of S. × niederederi in comparison to the other mentioned Solidago species, with the use of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal-components analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis of a large data set. Twenty quantitative, four qualitative, and five ratio morphological and anatomical characteristics, pollen viability, and somatic chromosome numbers of the four Solidago species were studied with the aim to ascertain inter- and intraspecific variation and reliable features identifying S. × niederederi, and to test the hypothesized hybrid origin. The PCA of morphological and anatomical characteristics showed the clear intermediate position of S. × niederederi compared to S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. The results showed that the most informative characteristics for the distinction of hybrids from parental species are floral traits such as the lengths of the disc, ray florets, and involucre. The intermediate stomatal characteristics and sharply decreased pollen viability discovered herein could potentially be used as an additional discriminating character in Solidago hybrid identification and support the hybrid origin of S. × niederederi.

scholarly journals Pollen viability and germinability of putative Bursera hybrids (section Bullockia; Burseraceae) in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessica Rico ◽  
Leticia Reyes Estanislao
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Hybrid Fitness ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Background and Aims: The genus Bursera (~100 species) has its center of diversification and endemism in Mexico. Interspecific hybridization is a frequent phenomenon in Bursera in areas where related species coexist. Hybridization on the one hand can reinforce reproductive barriers, increase genetic variation, generate novel ecotypes and new lineages, and on the other hand, can lead to maladaptation. However, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of natural hybridization critically depend on hybrid fitness. In this study, within a putative hybrid population in the tropical dry forest of the Bajío region in Mexico and as a proxy of hybrid fitness, we investigated pollen viability among Bursera cuneata, B. bipinnata, and their putative hybrid.Methods: We used two techniques: a pollen staining test with tetrazolium chloride 1% and an in vitro germination test to observe the formation of pollen tubes. Viability percentages were calculated for each group; statistical tests were conducted with general linear models. Key results: Results demonstrated that the putative hybrid is not sterile and exhibited higher germination rates relative to the parental species. Conclusions: Our results imply that gene flow between the parental species and the putative hybrid is likely to occur. Future genetic studies should confirm the genetic identity and ploidy levels of hybrids and evaluate whether genetic introgression has occurred. Our study demonstrates that Bursera hybrids can be fertile and contributes towards understanding the role of hybridization and reproductive isolation in Mexican Bursera species.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

scholarly journals Rhizophora stylosa as a protector against overwhelming copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) metal substances and how they affect on Belawan’s water quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Yunasfi ◽  
R Leidonald ◽  
A Dalimunthe ◽  
A S Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Many ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract Rhizopohora stylosa, Rhizopohora mucronata, Rhizopohora apiculata, and Bruguiera gymnorhyza are among the rare types of mangrove found in coastal areas. The presence of these mangrove species in the coastal environment could be a boon to the environment. R. stylosa is one of the many species, and it can be used as a plant that collects heavy metals present in coastal areas. As a result of out-of-collection metals from various mechanical exercises that exist surrounding waterways and estuaries. From May to August 2021, researchers studied the capacity of R. stylosa to withstand the heavy metals copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) and their impact on water quality. This investigation took place at the Belawan Stream Estuary in Baristan Medan, as well as the Office of Timberland Development’s research center at the College of North Sumatra. Different types of mengrove plants found in coastal areas have unique strategies for dealing with contaminaton caused by heavy metals. Constructing various types of overpowering netal at various portions of the tree is one of the few methodologies used by mangroves. R. stylosa is a type of mangrove that may collect a lot of metal in its roots and stem before clearing it out. Overwhelming metals will degrade water quality, which will, in turn, degrade the condition of the biological system as a whole. The overpowering metal substance of Cu and Pb in the R. stylosa mangrove was found to be higher than that of Pb. The Cu component was found to be more notable than Pb in the water contained within the developing put of R. stylosa. Meanwhile, the mud material in which the R. stylosa mangrove grows creates an abundance of metal substance that is less than that of Pb.

scholarly journals Chemical Structure of Mangrove Species Rhizophora stylosa as Natural Dyes

METANA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Paryanto Paryanto ◽  
Sunu Herwi Pranolo ◽  
Ari Diana Susanti ◽  
Kristina Ratna Dewi ◽  
Meydiana Rossari
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Solid Mixture ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Solid Liquid

Textile dyes are divided into two types, natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Natural dyes commonly made from extraction. Extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed, by means of a liquid immiscible solvent. Extraction can be classified into two group, liquid extraction and solid-liquid extraction. Solvents that are usually used in the extraction of natural dyes are aquades and ethanol. The purpose of this research was to determine the chemical structure, especially tannin in natural dyes from mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa through several samples testing natural dyes. Rhizophora stylosa that have been extracted and evaporated will conducted several tests to obtain chemical structures in natural dyes and yield of tannin in natural dyes. Tests carried out include testing FT-IR, and HPLC. Based on FT-IR analysis, the extraction of Rhizophora stylosa containing tannin indicated by the presence of hydroxyl (O-H) in the area of 3385.36 cm-1, aromatic (C-H) in the area of 1365.53 cm-1, carbonyl (C=O) in the area 1646.36 cm-1, esters (C-O) in the area 1217.30 cm-1. While tannin content obtained from the analysis of HPLC were 6.087 ppm. 

scholarly journals Testing hypotheses of hybrid origins for two seashore species of Carex section Phacocystis (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Michael D Nowak ◽  
A Tiril M Pedersen ◽  
Anne K Brysting ◽  
Audun Schrøder-Nielsen ◽  
Reidar Elven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Taxonomists have proposed numerous hybrid species in plants, but to gain a better understanding of the role that hybridization may play in plant diversification, such taxonomic hypotheses must be tested using genomic data. In this study, we employ ddRAD sequence data to test taxonomic hypotheses of hybrid origins in Carex salina and C. ramenskii (Carex section Phacocystis). Sequence data from multiple Norwegian and Icelandic populations of the putative hybrid and parental species were generated for hundreds of ddRAD loci. These data were used to estimate geographical structuring of genetic diversity and admixture and to explicitly test for hybrid origins using several analytical approaches. Our results indicate recurrent hybrid origins for the populations of C. salina and C. ramenskii sampled in our study and show that these populations are characterized by high interspecific heterozygosity. Our results support the idea that hybridization may indeed play an important role in the diversification of lineages of Carex and highlight the important role that clonal propagation might play in maintaining hybrid populations. Future studies focusing on a broader geographical sampling would be needed to assess if the genetic structuring in these Nordic populations reflects range-wide patterns in these hybrid lineages.

scholarly journals Post-Glacial Expansion and Population Genetic Divergence of Mangrove Species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn and Rhizophora mangle L. along the Mexican Coast

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e93358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sandoval-Castro ◽  
Richard S. Dodd ◽  
Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Manuel Enríquez-Paredes ◽  
Cristian Tovilla-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Glacial Expansion
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