Potential of Natural Regeneration Mangrove Seedling on The Coast of Davi Village Biak Numfor Regency, Papua

Mangrove ecosystem is an important ecosystem in coastal areas which is a habitat for various types of organisms. The existence of mangrove ecosystems in nature is strongly influenced by the availability of mangrove seedlings and seedlings because they are closely related to the secondary succession process in natural habitats. This research was conducted to analyze the potential for regeneration of mangrove seedlings in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua. Data collection on the potential for regeneration of mangrove seedlings was carried out using the belt transect method. Analysis of species composition and structure of mangrove vegetation at the seedling level used analysis of species density, relative density, species frequency, relative frequency, and important value index. A total of seven mangrove species were found in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest species density and relative density values were found in Bruguiera gymnorrizha and Cerops tagal, while the lowest was Rhizophora mucronata and Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest value of species frequency and relative frequency was Bruguiera gymnorrizha, while the lowest was Rhizophora mucronata. The highest Importance Value Index (INP) of mangrove seedlings was found in Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrizha, while Rhizophora mucronata had the lowest INP compared to other species.Keywords: Mangrove Ecosystem; Mangrove Regeneration; Important Value Index AbstrakEkosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem penting di wilayah pesisir yang menjadi habitat bagi berbagai jenis organisme. Keberadaan ekosistem mangrove dialam sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan anakan dan semai mangrove, karena sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses suksesi sekunder pada habitat alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis potensi regenerasi semai mangrove di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor Papua. Pengumpulan data potensi regenerasi semai mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode belt transek. Analisis komposisi jenis dan struktur vegetasi mangrove tingkat semai menggunakan analisis kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif, dan indeks nilai penting. Total tujuh jenis mangrove ditemukan di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor yang terdiri atas jenis Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai kerapatan jenis dan kerapatan relatif tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha dan Cerops tagal, sedangkan terrendah adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai frekuensi jenis dan frekuensi relatif tertinggi adalah jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha sedangkan yang terendah adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata. Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) semai mangrove tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Ceriops tagal dan Bruguiera gymnorrizha sedangkan jenis Rhizophora mucronata memiliki INP terrendah dibanding jenis lainnya.Kata kunci: Ekosistem Mangrove; Regenerasi Mangrove; Indeks Nilai Penting

Phtytochemical screening and thin layer choromatography (TLC) profiling of mangrove family Rhizophoraceae and Avicenniaceae

Abstrak Penelitian ini adalah dari melaksanakan Februari hingga April 2017. menyalak dari tujuh spesies bakau yaitu ,. Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou; Ceriops tagal ( Perr.) CB Rob .; dan Bruguiera cylindrica ; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (kiri) Lam; Rhizophora stylosa Griff .; Rhizophora mucronata Lam .; dan Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Analisis fitokimia dan profil KLT dari ekstrak kasar kulit kayu yang dibandingkan. Analisis kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa Gonggongan Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou, Ceriops tagal ( Perr.) CB Rob.,Bruguiera cylindrica, Bru guiera gymnorrhiza ( Kiri ) Lam, Rhizophora stylosa Griff. , Rhizophora mucronata Lam ., Dan Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. memiliki beberapa metabolit sekunder yang penting, yaitu senyawa Fenol, Tanin, dan Flavonoid. Flavonoid hanya ada di Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. Profil KLT menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan DENGAN Nilai R f standar , Terdapat doa Titik hati kromatogram Ekstrak kasar Rhizophora stylosa Griff. sama dengan nilai standar (nilai RfFlavonoid-glikosida turun antara = 0,18; 0,26; 0,30) menunjukkan bahwa Rhizophora stylosa Griff mungkin mengandung Flavonoid-glikosida dan asam fenolat ( nilai R f asam fenolat, 0,63-0, 84). Sedangkan Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh mungkin mengandung asam fenolat. Namun, masih ada senyawa yang belum diketahui yang perlu diidentifikasi dalam penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata kunci: mangrove, fitokimia, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis

Two new compounds from leaves of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume with the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

Introduction: Bruguiera cylindrica is one of the mangrove plants belonging to Bruguiera genus. This genus is characterized by the presence of a large number of compounds, but the research on bioactivities has not been investigated so far. In the present research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, as well as chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract of this plant, were studied. Methods: The chemical structures of two new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and computational methods. Results: Two new compounds, benzobrugierol (1) and bruguierine (2), were isolated from leaves of Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume, together with nine known ones, including lupeol (3), betulin (4), chrysoeriol (5), glut-5-ene-3-ol (6), cholesta-4-ene-3-one (7), 3α-(Z)-coumaroyllupeol (8), 3α-(E)-coumaroyllupeol (9), 3β-hydroxycholesta-5-ene-7-one (10) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Extracts and some isolated compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the extracts and tested compounds exhibited activities better than the positive control acarbose, especially two new compounds 1 and 2 with their IC50 values of 17.9 ± 0.4 and 34.6 ± 0.7 (mg/mL), respectively.

Floral Distribution, Diversity, and Ecology of Mangrove Forests in Mandaitivu and Arali, Sri Lanka

Mangroves in the northern parts of Sri Lanka has been understudied and often ignored by the ecologists due to several reasons. This paper contributes to the assessment of floristic diversity and community structure of mangrove forests in two sites in the Northern Province; Mandaitivu and Arali. Vegetation studies were undertaken with the use of 10m wide belt transect laid across the water-land gradient, within which, 5-7 quadrats were placed for floral identification (nMandaitivu = 67, nArali = 44). Subsurface water samples (n=57) from adjacent estuarine region were taken to assess environmental parameters. Ten true mangrove species of six families were identified altogether in both sites. Bruguiera cylindrica, Lumnitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha and Avicennia marina showed higher niche width. Zonation exhibited Rhizophora in the fringing zone, Avicennia landward and the others in the mixed zone. Salinity in both areas were relatively high and showed a significantly positive correlation with mangrove abundance along with conductivity, tidal regime and pH. Despite of their important role in coastal dynamics, mangroves have been degraded due to anthropogenic activities, thus demanding actions for conservation in the future.

Sebaran spesies dan status kerapatan ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat, Sulawesi Tenggara

Mangrove merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang sangat penting bagi manusia karena memiliki fungsi ekonomi, fisik, dan ekologi. Salah satu wilayah pesisir yang merupakan habitat ekosistem mangove adalah pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat. Adanya pembangunan berdampak pada pengurangan luas dan kerapatan ekosistem mangrove sehingga mempengaruhi struktur dan status kerapatan ekosistem mangrove. Jumlah spesies mangrove yang ada di pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat adalah sepuluh spesies yang terdiri Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Ceriops tagal, Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, dan Calophyllum inophyllum. Total kerapatan mangrove adalah 752 pohon/ha yang terdiri dari 879 pohon/ha pada stasiun I, 621 pohon/ha pada stasiun II, 687 pohon/ha pada stasiun III, dan 820 pohon/ha pada stasiun IV dengan status kerapatan termasuk pada kategori rendah.

Produksi Serasah Musiman pada Berbagai Spesies Mangrove di Pesisir Kabupaten Muna Barat, Sulawesi Tenggara

Mangrove litter production is important in the displacement of organic matter from mangrove vegetation to water such as in the coast of West Muna Regency. However, one factor influencing it is the frequency of rainfall. This research, therefore, aims to determine the influence of the frequency of rainfall in mangrove ecosystem by obtaining data through the fractional wet weight. The results showed that the biomass fraction with the largest amount were Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia alba with of 31.59; 31.07; and 30.96%, respectively, while the lowest was Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera cylindrica, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza with of 30.07; 30.10; and 31.95%, respectively. The species with the largest leaf litter production was Bruguiera cylindrica, with of 1.72 g.m-2.day-1 which occurred in April and the lowest was Rhizophora apiculata, 0.24 g.m-2.day-1 in August. The species with the largest leaf litter production was Bruguiera cylindrica, 1.96 g.m-2.day-1 which occurred in May and the lowest was Sonneratia alba, 0.29 g.m-2.day-1 in August. In addition, the species with the largest fruit litter production was Rhizophora apiculata, 1.76 g.m-2.day-1 in April and the lowest was Sonneratia alba, 0.32 g.m-2.day-1 in September. The total litter production was 18,75 g.m-2.day-1 consisted of 6,69 g.m2.day-1 leaf litter, 6,54 g.m-2.day-1 branch litter, and 5,52 g.m-2.day-1 fruit litter. The higher the frequency of the rain, the greater the litter production. Keywords: biomass fraction, seasonal litter production, West Muna Regency

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MANGROVE DI DESA BONE BARU, KECAMATAN BANGGAI UTARA, KABUPATEN BANGGAI LAUT, SULAWESI TENGAH

Mangrove is one of plants that can grow well on the coast which are affected by tides.Bone Baru village is located in North Banggai District, Banggai Laut Regency, Central Sulawesi Province which has area that about 840 ha and has mangrove area reaching 16.56 ha. This research was conducted from February to April 2020. The purpose of this research are to identify the types of mangroves and analyzing the structure of the mangrove community which include density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, coverarge, relative coverage, importance value index, and diversity index. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Based on the results this study obtained 4 types of mangroves consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrica, Rhizophora mucronata, and Lumnitzera littorea. The highest relative density was 0.13 ind / m2 and the relative density was 91.83% the highest frequency type and the frequency relative value were 5 ind / m2 and 52.63%respectively. The highest mangrove cover was 3.79 m2 with relative cover of 52.21%. The highest important value index was 227.72% . The highest diversity index was found at station 2 with an average value (H ') of 0.69.Keywords: mangrove, community structure, habitat, BanggaiABSTRAKMangrove merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik di pesisir pantai yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Bone Baru, Kecamatan Banggai Utara, Kabupaten Banggai Laut, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang memiliki luas wilayah mencapai 840 ha dan memiliki luas area mangrove mencapai 16,56 ha. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Februari-April 2020 dengan menggunakan metode Line Transect. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis mangrove dan menganalisa struktur komunitas mangrove Data yang diambil meliputi kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif jenis, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif jenis, penutupan jenis, penutupan relatif jenis, indeks nilai penting, dan indeks keanekaragaman yang kemudian di analisa dengan bantuan program komputer Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 jenis mangrove yaitu Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Lumnitzera littorea dan Bruguiera cylindrica. Kerapatan jenis tertinggi 0,13 ind/m2 dan kerapatan relatifnya 91,83%. Frekuensi jenis tertinggi dengan nilai 5 ind/m2 relatifnya 52,63%, penutupan jenis tertinggi dengan nilai 3,79 m2 dan relatfnya 52,21%, indeks nilai penting tertinggi dengan nilai 227,72% dan Nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun 2 dengan nilai ratarata (H’) 0,69.Kata kunci: mangrove, strukture komunitas, habitat, Banggai