Case study on effects of water management and rice straw incorporation in rice fields on production, oxidation, and emission of methane during fallow and following rice seasons

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Zhang ◽  
Y. Ji ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
Z. C. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Season ◽  
Straw Incorporation

To investigate production, oxidation, and emission of methane (CH4) in rice fields during the fallow and following rice seasons as affected by water management and rice straw incorporation in the fallow season, field and incubation experiments were carried out from November 2007 to November 2008. Four treatments, i.e. two water managements (flooded and drained) and two rates of rice straw application (0 and 4.8 t/ha), were laid out in a randomised block design. Results show that obvious CH4 production occurred in flooded fields in the late fallow season; consequently, fallow CH4 emission contributed 9.6–33.1% to the annual total emission. However, emission mainly occurred during the rice season. During the rice season, the mean CH4 production potential in flooded fields was 2.6–3.8 times that in drained fields, making the total CH4 emission 2.1–2.5 times that in drained fields. Rice straw incorporated in flooded fields significantly increased production and emission of CH4 during both the fallow and the following rice seasons (P < 0.05), but in drained fields, no significant effect was observed (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean CH4 oxidation potential between the treatments (P > 0.05), indicating that water management and rice straw incorporation in the fallow season have little influence on CH4 oxidation during the fallow and following rice seasons. Based on the findings, water management and rice straw incorporation in the fallow season significantly affected CH4 emission during the fallow and the following rice seasons by influencing CH4 production rather than CH4 oxidation in fields.

scholarly journals SOIL CONTROLLING FACTORS OF METHANE GAS PRODUCTION FROM FLOODED RICE FIELDS IN PATI DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
P. Setyanto ◽  
Rosenani A.B. ◽  
A.K. Makarim ◽  
Che Fauziah I. ◽  
A. Bidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ch4 Production

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. Methane, with some 15-30 times greater infrared-absorbing capability than CO2 on a mass basis, may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Soils are one of the key factors, which play an important role in CH4 production and emission. However, data on CH4 emission from different soil types and the characteristics affecting CH4 production are lacking when compared to data on agronomic practices. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of CH4 production of selected soils in Java, and determine the limiting factors of CH4 production. The results showed that addition of 1% glucose to the soils led to an increase in CH4 production by more than twelve fold compared to no glucose addition. The CH4 production potential ranged between 3.21 and 112.30 mg CH4 kg-1 soil. The lowest CH4 production potential occurred in brown-grayish Grumosol, while the highest was in dark-gray Grumosol. Chemical and physical properties of the soils have great influence on CH4 production. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of CH4 production and soil characteristics showed that pH and the contents of Fe2O3, MnO2, SO4, and silt in the soil strongly influenced CH4 production. Results of this study can be used for further development of a model on CH4 emission from rice fields.

scholarly journals SOIL CONTROLLING FACTORS OF METHANE GAS PRODUCTION FROM FLOODED RICE FIELDS IN PATI DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Setyanto ◽  
Rosenani A.B. ◽  
A.K. Makarim ◽  
Che Fauziah I. ◽  
A. Bidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ch4 Production

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. Methane, with some 15-30 times greater infrared-absorbing capability than CO2 on a mass basis, may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Soils are one of the key factors, which play an important role in CH4 production and emission. However, data on CH4 emission from different soil types and the characteristics affecting CH4 production are lacking when compared to data on agronomic practices. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of CH4 production of selected soils in Java, and determine the limiting factors of CH4 production. The results showed that addition of 1% glucose to the soils led to an increase in CH4 production by more than twelve fold compared to no glucose addition. The CH4 production potential ranged between 3.21 and 112.30 mg CH4 kg-1 soil. The lowest CH4 production potential occurred in brown-grayish Grumosol, while the highest was in dark-gray Grumosol. Chemical and physical properties of the soils have great influence on CH4 production. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of CH4 production and soil characteristics showed that pH and the contents of Fe2O3, MnO2, SO4, and silt in the soil strongly influenced CH4 production. Results of this study can be used for further development of a model on CH4 emission from rice fields.

scholarly journals METHANE EMISSION FROM PADDY FIELDS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN CENTRAL JAVA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prihasto Setyanto ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Water Treatments

The concentration of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere is increasing at 1% per annum and rice fields are one of the sources that contribute to about 10-15% of the atmospheric CH4. One of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emission from rice fields is probably through water management. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of water management practices on CH4 emission from rice field plots on a silty sand Aeric Tropaquept soil at Research Station for Agricultural Environment Preservation, Jakenan, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of March to June 2002. Four water regimes tested were: (1) 5 cm continuous flooding (CF), (2) 0-1 cm continuous flooding (ST), (3) intermittent irrigation (IR) where plots received continuously 5 cm of flooding with two times of draining at 15-20 and 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT), and (4) pulse irrigation (PI) where plots were watered until 5 cm level and left to dry by itself until the water table reached 30 cm beneath soil surface then watered again. The total CH4 emissions of the four water treatments were 254, 185, 136 and 96 kg CH4 ha-1 for CF, ST, IR and PI, respectively. Methane emission increased during the early growing season, which coincided with the low redox potential of -100 to -150 mV in all treatments. Dry matter weight of straw and filled grain among the water treatments did not show significant differences. Likewise, total grain yield at 14% moisture content was not significantly different among treatments. However, this result should be carefully interpreted because the rice plants in all water treatments were infested by stem borer, which reduced the total grain yield of IR64 between 11% and 16%. This study suggests that intermittent and pulse irrigation practices will be important not only for water use efficiency, but also for CH4 emission reduction.

scholarly journals Agro-climatic zoning in Egypt to improve irrigation water management

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahany Noreldin ◽  
Samiha Ouda ◽  
Alia Amer
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management And Development

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to develop agro-climatic zones in the old cultivated lands of Egypt in the Nile Delta and Valley using climate normals from 1985–2014 to facilitate better irrigation water management under water scarcity conditions. 30-year monthly climate data were collected for 17 agricultural governorates in Egypt and yearly averages and 30-year averages were calculated. BISm model was used to calculate yearly averages of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and 30-year average for each governorate. Analysis of variance was done using one factor randomize complete block design, with number of years as replicates. Furthermore, the mean, the range and R2 were calculated to test the strength of the relationship between PET and climate elements. The means of PET for each governorate was separated and ranked in ascending order using least significant difference test (LSD0.05). The results identified 7 agro-climatic zones (LSD0.05 = 0.146). These zones were: (1) Alexandria; (2) Demiatte, Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakhlia; (3) El-Behira, and El-Gharbia; (4) El-Minofia, El-Sharkia, El-Kalubia, Giza and El-Fayom; (5) Beni Sweif, El-Minia, Assuit and Sohag; (6) Qena; and (7) Aswan. Such zoning will increase the ability of the Egyptian policy makers to prepare the appropriate water management and development policies as a result of the availability of proper information on each zone aiming at efficient use of the limited water resources.

scholarly journals Calibrating a wetland methane emission model with hierarchical modeling and adaptive MCMC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni Susiluoto ◽  
Maarit Raivonen ◽  
Leif Backman ◽  
Marko Laine ◽  
Jarmo Mäkelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Transport ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Adaptive Mcmc ◽  
Measurement Site ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Plant Transport

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emission estimation for natural wetlands is complex and the estimates contain large uncertainties. The models used for the task are typically heavily parametrized and the parameter values are not well known. In this study we perform a Bayesian model calibration for a new wetland CH4 model to improve quality of the predictions and to understand the limitations of such models. The detailed process model that we analyze contains descriptions for CH4 production from anaerobic respiration, CH4 oxidation, and gas transportation by diffusion, ebullition, and the aerenchyma cells of vascular plants. The processes are controlled by several tunable parameters. We use a hierarchical statistical model to describe the parameters and obtain the posterior distributions of the parameters and uncertainties in the processes with adaptive MCMC techniques. For the estimation, the analysis utilizes measurement data from the Siikaneva flux measurement site in Southern Finland. The model parameters are calibrated using six different modeled peat column depths, and the hierarchical modeling allows us to assess the effect of the parameters on an annual basis. The results of the calibration and their cross validation suggest that the early spring net primary production and soil temperatures could be used to predict the annual methane emissions. The modeled peat column depth has an effect on how much the plant transport pathway dominates the gas transport, and the optimization moved most of the gas transport from the diffusive pathway to plant transport. This is in line with other research, highlighting the usefulness of algorithmic calibration of biogeochemical models. Modeling only 70 cm of the peat column gives the best flux estimates at the flux measurement site, while the estimates are worse for a column deeper than one meter or shallower than 50 cm. The posterior parameter distributions depend on the modeled peat depth. At the process level, the flux measurement data is able to constrain CH4 production and gas transport processes, but for CH4 oxidation, which is an important constituent of the total CH4 emission, the determining parameter is not identifiable.

scholarly journals Differential response of carbon cycling to long-term nutrient input and altered hydrological conditions in a continental Canadian peatland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 885-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Berger ◽  
Leandra S. E. Praetzel ◽  
Marie Goebel ◽  
Christian Blodau ◽  
Klaus-Holger Knorr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Ch4 Oxidation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
In Situ Conditions

Abstract. Peatlands play an important role in global carbon cycling, but their responses to long-term anthropogenically changed hydrologic conditions and nutrient infiltration are not well known. While experimental manipulation studies, e.g., fertilization or water table manipulations, exist on the plot scale, only few studies have addressed such factors under in situ conditions. Therefore, an ecological gradient from the center to the periphery of a continental Canadian peatland bordering a eutrophic water reservoir, as reflected by increasing nutrient input, enhanced water level fluctuations, and increasing coverage of vascular plants, was used for a case study of carbon cycling along a sequence of four differently altered sites. We monitored carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface fluxes and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and CH4 concentrations in peat profiles from April 2014 through September 2015. Moreover, we studied bulk peat and pore-water quality and we applied δ13C–CH4 and δ13C–CO2 stable isotope abundance analyses to examine dominant CH4 production and emission pathways during the growing season of 2015. We observed differential responses of carbon cycling at the four sites, presumably driven by abundances of plant functional types and vicinity to the reservoir. A shrub-dominated site in close vicinity to the reservoir was a comparably weak sink for CO2 (in 1.5 years: −1093 ± 794, in 1 year: +135 ± 281 g CO2 m−2; a net release) as compared to two graminoid-moss-dominated sites and a moss-dominated site (in 1.5 years: −1552 to −2260 g CO2 m−2, in 1 year: −896 to −1282 g CO2 m−2). Also, the shrub-dominated site featured notably low DIC pore-water concentrations and comparably 13C-enriched CH4 (δ13C– CH4: −57.81 ± 7.03 ‰) and depleted CO2 (δ13C–CO2: −15.85 ± 3.61 ‰) in a more decomposed peat, suggesting a higher share of CH4 oxidation and differences in predominant methanogenic pathways. In comparison to all other sites, the graminoid-moss-dominated site in closer vicinity to the reservoir featured a ∼ 30 % higher CH4 emission (in 1.5 years: +61.4 ± 32, in 1 year: +39.86 ± 16.81 g CH4 m−2). Low δ13C–CH4 signatures (−62.30 ± 5.54 ‰) indicated only low mitigation of CH4 emissions by methanotrophic activity here. Pathways of methanogenesis and methanotrophy appeared to be related to the vicinity to the water reservoir: the importance of acetoclastic CH4 production apparently increased toward the reservoir, whereas the importance of CH4 oxidation increased toward the peatland center. Plant-mediated transport was the prevailing CH4 emission pathway at all sites even where graminoids were rare. Our study thus illustrates accelerated carbon cycling in a strongly altered peatland with consequences for CO2 and CH4 budgets. However, our results suggest that long-term excess nutrient input does not necessarily lead to a loss of the peatland carbon sink function.

scholarly journals Pendugaan Emisi Metana pada Sistem Pengelolaan Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Minahasa (The Estimation of Methane Emission in The Rice Management System in Minahasa Rregency)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Marlein Mambu
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Over Time

AbstrakPemanasan bumi secara global karena emisi gas rumah kaca ke atmosfir yang disebabkan oleh kegiatan manusia, cenderung mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu. Pertanian padi sawah, khususnya sawah teririgasi juga merupakan penyumbang terbesar gas metana ke atmosfer. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya upaya pengurangan emisi CH4 dari kegiatan budidaya tanaman padi sawah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui emisi CH4 dari budidaya padi sawah di kabupaten Minahasa, dengan melakukan estimasi emisi CH4 menggunakan model perhitungan formula untuk estimasi emisi CH4 pada padi sawah. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi keberadaan CH4 dan jumlah produksi emisi CH4 dari lahan padi sawah di Kabupaten Minahasa, yang cenderung mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun (data tahun 2002 – 2010). Peningkatan emisi CH4 dari lahan padi sawah di Kabupaten Minahasa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu luas panen, jenis tanah, jenis varietas, jenis pengairan dan kegiatan budidaya lainnya seperti pemupukan dan pemberian bahan organik (jerami).Kata kunci: emisi metana, padi sawahAbstractGlobal warming from greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere that is caused by human activities tends to be increased over time. Fields of wetland rice, particularly irrigated rice, are also the largest contributor to methane gas to the atmosphere. Therefore, CH4 emissions should be reduced from paddy rice cultivation. This research aimed to measure the production of CH4 emission in the wetland rice fields of Minahasa, using a model calculation formula to estimate CH4 emissions in the rice fields. The results informed the existence and the amount of CH4 production resulted from wetland rice fields in Minahasa, which tended to be increased from year to year (data of year 2002 to 2010). The increment of CH4 emission from wetland rice fields in Minahasa was caused by several factors, i.e. the harvested area, soil types, types of variety, types of irrigation and other cultivation activities such as fertilization and providing organic material (straw).Keywords: methane emission, wetland rice

scholarly journals METHANE EMISSION FROM PADDY FIELDS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN CENTRAL JAVA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prihasto Setyanto ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Water Treatments

The concentration of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere is increasing at 1% per annum and rice fields are one of the sources that contribute to about 10-15% of the atmospheric CH4. One of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emission from rice fields is probably through water management. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of water management practices on CH4 emission from rice field plots on a silty sand Aeric Tropaquept soil at Research Station for Agricultural Environment Preservation, Jakenan, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of March to June 2002. Four water regimes tested were: (1) 5 cm continuous flooding (CF), (2) 0-1 cm continuous flooding (ST), (3) intermittent irrigation (IR) where plots received continuously 5 cm of flooding with two times of draining at 15-20 and 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT), and (4) pulse irrigation (PI) where plots were watered until 5 cm level and left to dry by itself until the water table reached 30 cm beneath soil surface then watered again. The total CH4 emissions of the four water treatments were 254, 185, 136 and 96 kg CH4 ha-1 for CF, ST, IR and PI, respectively. Methane emission increased during the early growing season, which coincided with the low redox potential of -100 to -150 mV in all treatments. Dry matter weight of straw and filled grain among the water treatments did not show significant differences. Likewise, total grain yield at 14% moisture content was not significantly different among treatments. However, this result should be carefully interpreted because the rice plants in all water treatments were infested by stem borer, which reduced the total grain yield of IR64 between 11% and 16%. This study suggests that intermittent and pulse irrigation practices will be important not only for water use efficiency, but also for CH4 emission reduction.

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