Critical depth to saline groundwater in non-irrigated situations

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Nulsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Productive Potential

The salinity of soil sampled from profiles exposed by a backhoe did not relate well with the vegetative cover growing on the soil, yet there was a good relationship between cover and depth to the saline water table. Results demonstrated that the depth to a saline water table can be used as an indicator of the possible productive potential of a soil.

A hydrologic investigation of salt-affected soils in an alluvial plain of the Hawkesbury River, N.S.W

Soil Research ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Collis-George ◽  
GN Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Probable Source ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Salt Distribution ◽  
Input Potential

An alluvial plain had noticeable salinization of low-lying surface soils after a succession of wet years. Piezometric investigations showed that the water-table was permanent and of low hydraulic gradient. Salinity measurements provided the ground water pattern of salinity and the soil-salt distribution relative to water-table depth. The critical depth for the water-table associated with surface salinization was 3 ft. The influence of a neighbouring saline-water bearing sedimentary shale deposit is examined, and the probable source of salt in the alluvial plain soils is suggested. A possible method of controlling this salt, by control of the input potential of the watertable, is discussed.

scholarly journals Fully integrated physically-based numerical modelling of impacts of groundwater extraction on surface and irrigation-induced groundwater interactions: case study Lower River Murray, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3577-3624
Author(s):  
S. Alaghmand ◽  
S. Beecham ◽  
A. Hassanli
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Physically Based

Abstract. Combination of reduction in the frequency, duration and magnitude of natural floods, rising saline water-table in floodplains and excessive evapotranspiration have led to an irrigation-induced groundwater mound forced the naturally saline groundwater onto the floodplain in the Lower River Murray. It is during the attenuation phase of floods that these large salt accumulations are likely to be mobilised and will discharge into the river. The Independent Audit Group for Salinity highlighted this as the most significant risk in the Murray–Darling Basin. South Australian government and catchment management authorities have developed salt interception schemes (SIS). This is to pump the highly saline groundwater from the floodplain aquifer to evaporation basins in order to reduce the hydraulic gradient that drives the regional saline groundwater towards the River Murray. This paper investigates the interactions between a river (River Murray in South Australia) and a saline semi-arid floodplain (Clarks Floodplain) significantly influenced by groundwater lowering (Bookpurnong SIS). Results confirm that groundwater extraction maintain a lower water-table and more fresh river water flux to the saline floodplain aquifer. In term of salinity, this may lead to less amount of solute stored in the floodplain aquifer. This occurs through two mechanisms; extracting some of the solute mass from the system and changing the floodplain groundwater regime from a losing to gaining one. Finally, it is shown that groundwater extraction is able to remove some amount of solute stored in the unsaturated zone and mitigate the floodplain salinity risk.

Capillary rise from saline groundwater in clay soil cores

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Saline Groundwater

The rate of salinization by capillary rise from a saline water table in wet clay soil cores, 0.60, 0.75 and 0.90 m long, and 0.25 m in diameter, is described. Tensiometer-pressure potential and electrical conductivity were measured as a function of time at vertical spacings of 0.15 m. Initially a relatively rapid rise of saline water occurred to a height of 0.30 m above the water table, but subsequent movement was very slow. Although the potential evaporation rate was only 1.0 mm/day, drying of the surface occurred quickly, and proceeded down the cores, reducing the upward moisture flux to a very low value. The salinization hazard of such a soil is low, but the possibility of application of the measurement to more permeable soils, in which salinization may be more likely, is discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of pumping saline groundwater for desalination on the fresh–saline water interface dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaked Stein ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli ◽  
Eyal Shalev ◽  
Roni Kasher ◽  
Orit Sivan
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Interface Dynamics ◽  
Saline Groundwater

Forensic engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-314
Author(s):  
Manizhe Zarei ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Vijay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Forensic Engineering ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Back

Abstract Throughout history, natural events such as floods, droughts, fires, lightning, and storms have caused significant losses of life and property. To mitigate the hazardous consequences of such events, or ‘failures’ (as they are referred to), a number of questions can be asked, such as: ‘What are the causes of these events?’; ‘What natural factors cause these events?’; ‘What is the human role in the occurrence of these events?’; ‘Who is to blame for such events?’; and ‘What actions should be taken to prevent such events from happening?’ The forensic engineering approach allows us to answer these questions. Forensic engineering, a term developed in recent years, allows us to identify the causes of events by looking back and analyzing the relationship between an event's causes and their consequences; it is a useful tool for determining the natural or human causes of events that lead to disasters. Forensic hydrology is a branch of forensic engineering and applies directly to floods and droughts but is not limited to these events. Forensic hydrology is also used for the historical assessment and analysis of events such as water pollution, drying of lakes and rivers, the drying up (or significant reduction in the water table) of wells, and the infiltration of saline water into freshwater. Forensic hydrology analyzes event evidence and data from a variety of perspectives. Examining the origins and mechanisms of such events to find their causes can lead to better water management, allocation and improved use, and can also help to prevent or minimize severe damage. This chapter provides an introduction to forensic engineering and describes the processes which should be followed to evaluate hazardous events.

Effect of temporary rise of saline water table on dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
FG Abd-El-Kaddous
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Yield Of Oats

In 1968 and 1969, at Kerang, Victoria, the dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina) grown on a sodic soil were measured under conditions of fluctuating saline (31 mmhos cm-1) water tables. In each year, a water table was established for 14 days at one of three growth stages and at depths varying from 7.5 to 90 cm. Relative to the yield obtained when the water table remained at 90 cm depth, dry matter yields were reduced by 70 per cent (1968) and 79 per cent (1969) by one temporary water table rise to a depth of 7.5 cm for 14 days. Intermediate reductions in yields occurred when the water tables rose temporarily to intermediate depths from 82.5 cm to 15 cm (7.5 cm intervals). The growth stage at which the water table rise occurred had no significant effect on yield, except in the second period in 1969 when yield was reduced during conditions of high temperature and low evaporation.

Un profil des gres vosgiens le long de la vallee de la Meurthe

1957 ◽  
Vol S6-VII (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024
Author(s):  
Michel Clin ◽  
R. Laugier ◽  
G. Millot
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Saline Water

Abstract Closely spaced borings for ground water in the Meurthe valley between Baccarat and Luneville, France, show that the dip of the Vosgian sandstones (Triassic) is variable, a fact which is attributed to northeastsouthwest faults rather than to flexures. The water table in the sandstones is well protected from infiltration of saline water from overlying middle Muschelkalk (Triassic) beds; however, a periodic increase in salinity at Chenevieres may be due to leaching of a middle Muschelkalk bed.

scholarly journals Biochar Reduces the Adverse Effect of Saline Water on Soil Properties and Wheat Production Profitability

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. A. El-sayed ◽  
Mohamed Hazman ◽  
Ayman Gamal Abd El-Rady ◽  
Lal Almas ◽  
Mike McFarland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Growing Seasons

The goal of this study is to assess the use of saline groundwater in combination with soil amendments to increase the efficiency of wheat production in new agricultural soil in Egypt. The experiment was conducted during the two consecutive growing seasons, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, at the Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag, Egypt. In this study, plants of Shandaweel 1 spring bread wheat cultivar were grown under the combinations of the two water treatments, i.e., freshwater (307.2 ppm) and saline water (3000 ppm (NaCl + MgCl2)) representing groundwater in Egypt delivered by drip irrigation and the two biochar rates, i.e., zero and 4.8 ton/ha as a soil amendment. The cob corn biochar (CCB) was synthesized by using the slow pyrolysis process (one hour at 350 °C). The results revealed that saline water reduced the grain yield ratio by 8.5%, 11.0%, and 9.7% compared to non-saline water during seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 and over seasons, respectively. Concerning, combined over seasons, the biochar addition enhanced the grain yield by 5.6% and 13.8% compared to non-biochar addition under fresh and saline irrigation water conditions, respectively. Thus, the results indicated and led to a preliminary recommendation that saline groundwater is a viable source of irrigation water and that biochar seemed to alleviate salinity stress on wheat production and in reclaimed soils of Egypt.

scholarly journals The effect of changes in rainfall on the response of the water table to a major alley farming experiment

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4563-4588
Author(s):  
S. L. Noorduijn ◽  
K. R. J. Smettem ◽  
R. Vogwill ◽  
A. Ghadouani
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Climate Trend ◽  
Alley Farming ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Widespread clearing of native vegetation in Southwest Western Australia has led to land degradation associated with rising groundwater, secondary salinisation and waterlogging. Land degradation can be controlled by re-establishing native deep rooted perennial vegetation across parts of the landscape. Alley farming is an agroforestry practice where multiple perennial tree belts are planted in alternation with traditional agricultural crops. To identify the best configuration (belt width verses alley width) for controlling rising groundwater levels and providing viable economic returns, a large scale experiment was established in 1995. The experiment contains seven different alley farming designs, each with transects of piezometers running across tree belts into adjacent alleys to monitor changes in the groundwater level. Two control piezometers were also installed in an adjacent paddock. At the site groundwater is shallow (<3 m) and of poor quality (pH 3–5, Ec 2.1–45.9 mS cm−1) and so root water uptake from the saturated zone is limited. Simple hydrograph analysis did not identify any treatment effects on the water table response. Subsequent statistical analysis revealed that 20–30% of the variability in the water table data over the 12 year period was attributable to the alley farming experiment. It was hypothesized that a climate trend (reducing annual rainfall over time) may be obscuring the effect of the experiment. To further investigate the effect of the experiment on groundwater response, further hydrograph analysis was conducted to compare the trends in the control piezometers in relation to those located within the belts. A difference of 0.9 m was observed between the mean groundwater levels in the control piezometers and the mean levels in the perennial belt piezometers. For a mean specific yield of 0.03 m3 m−3 this equates to a small additional water use of 27 mm yr−1 by the perennial agroforestry system. It is concluded that declining annual rainfall is the principal control on hydrograph response at the site. Perennial biomass development and perennial root development (both laterally and vertically) exert only a small influence on water table depth. The implications of this study indicate that alley farming has a limited ability to control a rising water table in low lying areas with a shallow saline water table.

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