Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilized pasture in southeastern South-Australia .II. Total sulfur and nitrogen, organic carbon and pH

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
AL Clarke ◽  
WB Hall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pasture Age

The accumulation of total sulfur in sand over clay soils growing improved pastures was measured in three areas of the south-east of South Australia. Accumulation rates in the top 10 cm of soil ranged from 4.6 to 6.3 kg ha-1 yr-1 and in the 10-30 cm layer from 1.3 to 3.7 kg ha-1 yr-1. Assuming all of this sulfur came from applied single superphosphate, the recoveries of applied sulfur in the sand layer were 42, 63 and 57% for the Hundreds of Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. Using a 'balance sheet' approach, the calculated annual maintenance superphosphate rates, that will supply sufficient sulfur, ranged from 110 to 250 kg ha-1. Total soil nitrogen accumulation rates were 55, 48 and 37 kg ha-1 yr-1 for the Hundreds of Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The enhanced nitrogen accretion in Coles was attributed to improved legume production resulting from both increased superphosphate dressings and higher average annual rainfall in that area. Organic carbon levels were highly correlated with pasture age, with increases in the top 10 cm of soil ranging from 0.022% to 0.034% per year. Soil pH was highly correlated with pasture age, with decreases as large as 0.036 units per year in the top 10 cm and 0.025 units per year in the 10-30 cm layer measured in the Hundred of Willalooka.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates in cold and alpine environments over 1Ma

Geoderma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 183-184 ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Egli ◽  
Filippo Favilli ◽  
Rolf Krebs ◽  
Barbara Pichler ◽  
Dennis Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Alpine Environments

Accumulation of plant nutrients and changes in soil properties of sandy soils under fertilized pasture in southeastern South-Australia .I. Phosphorus

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Lewis ◽  
AL Clarke ◽  
WB Hall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Total Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The accumulation of phosphorus applied as superphosphate over a 25-year period to pastures growing on sand over clay soils was measured in three areas of different rainfall in the south-east of South Australia. Total soil phosphorus levels increased in the 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 30 cm-clay layers for all areas, but no accumulation occurred in the clay layer. For every 100 kg ha-1 of single superphosphate (9.6% phosphorus) applied, 2.0, 3.2 and 3.5 kg ha-1 of phosphorus accumulated in the 0-10 cm layer for the Hundreds of Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The recoveries of applied phosphorus in the sand layer for the three areas were 42, 57 and 75% for Coles, Willalooka and Senior respectively. The annual accumulation rates of organic phosphorus in the top 30 cm of soil ranged from 2.4 to 3.5 kg ha-1. By using a 'balance sheet' approach, the annual maintenance phosphate requirements for the three areas were calculated. These ranged from 60 to 165 kg ha-1 of superphosphate, and were associated with differences in leaching losses, stocking rates and organic phosphorus accumulation.

Chemical concentrations of overland flow and throughflow from pastures on sloping texture-contrast soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Cox ◽  
A. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Texture Contrast ◽  
Carbon Losses ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Shallow drains are increasingly being installed to allow cropping and improve pastures in soils prone to waterlogging. Concentrations and loads of a range of chemicals including nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and phosphorus were measured in overland flow and throughflow (drainage) from grazed standard and improved pastures in a region of the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, with 544 mm annual rainfall. In low to average rainfall years, nitrate losses from standard pastures were up to 21 times higher in throughflow (up to 0.3 kg/ha.year) than in overland flow. Dissolved organic carbon losses from standard pastures were also highest in throughflow (up to 3.5 kg/ha.year) as were loads of Na, Cl, Al, Fe, K, and Mg. Total P loads were higher in throughflow (0.15 kg/ha.year) than in overland flow. However, P concentrations in throughflow were similar to overland flow (up to 0.5 mg/L). Chemical loads from improved pastures were higher in throughflow than in overland flow. Nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and P losses from improved pastures were up to 0.8, 8.5, and 0.1 kg/ha.year, respectively. Improved pastures had higher dissolved organic carbon concentrations (14 mg/L) and nitrate concentrations than either the standard pastures or those reported off some dairy pastures in the region. Nitrate concentrations were highest in throughflow in subsurface tube drains below the improved pastures (up to 67 mg/L).

Carbon and phosphorus losses from dairy pasture in South Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Fleming ◽  
J. W. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

Runoff (overland flow and A/B horizon interflow) was measured from 2 grazed dairy pastures at Flaxley, South Australia, from 1996 to 1998. Runoff ranged from 0.4% to 10% of annual rainfall and >90% of this was overland flow. Phosphorus and carbon were measured in runoff. As much as 2.3 kg/ha of phosphorus and 10.7 kg/ha of total dissolved carbon were lost from the subcatchments in the wettest year. Over the study period, 98% of total phosphorus and 86% of total dissolved carbon were lost in overland flow. Around 45% of phosphorus was dissolved and 69% of total dissolved carbon was dissolved organic carbon. The proportion of phosphorus present in the particulate form decreased during each runoff season, and was highest in the wettest year. There was no consistent trend in the proportion of total dissolved carbon present as dissolved organic carbon because the factors found to affect dissolved organic carbon loss were different from those affecting dissolved inorganic carbon loss. Predictive relationships based on factors such as the time of year when the storm occurred and runoff volume have been developed from the 3 years of data and they explain a high proportion of variability of phosphorus and carbon loads.

scholarly journals Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene: combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4791-4816
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Vyse ◽  
Ulrike Herzschuh ◽  
Gregor Pfalz ◽  
Lyudmila A. Pestryakova ◽  
Bernhard Diekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Organic Carbon Pool ◽  
Arctic Siberia

Abstract. Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5 m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29–23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2–early MIS1 (ca. 23.4–11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69–present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 g OC m−2 a−1) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 g OC m−2 a−1) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 ± 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 ± 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557 m3. The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.

Accumulation of soil carbon under zero tillage cropping and perennial vegetation on the Liverpool Plains, eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Young ◽  
B. Wilson ◽  
S. Harden ◽  
A. Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Semi Arid

Australian agriculture contributes an estimated 16% of all national greenhouse gas emissions, and considerable attention is now focused on management approaches that reduce net emissions. One area of potential is the modification of cropping practices to increase soil carbon storage. Here, we report short–medium term changes in soil carbon under zero tillage cropping systems and perennial vegetation, both in a replicated field experiment and on nearby farmers’ paddocks, on carbon-depleted Black Vertosols in the upper Liverpool Plains catchment. Soil organic carbon stocks (CS) remained unchanged under both zero tillage long fallow wheat–sorghum rotations and zero tillage continuous winter cereal in a replicated field experiment from 1994 to 2000. There was some evidence of accumulation of CS under intensive (>1 crop/year) zero tillage response cropping. There was significant accumulation of CS (~0.35 Mg/ha.year) under 3 types of perennial pasture, despite removal of aerial biomass with each harvest. Significant accumulation was detected in the 0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, and 0.2–0.4 m depth increments under lucerne and the top 2 increments under mixed pastures of lucerne and phalaris and of C3 and C4 perennial grasses. Average annual rainfall for the period of observations was 772 mm, greater than the 40-year average of 680 mm. A comparison of major attributes of cropping systems and perennial pastures showed no association between aerial biomass production and accumulation rates of CS but a positive correlation between the residence times of established plants and accumulation rates of CS. CS also remained unchanged (1998/2000–07) under zero tillage cropping on nearby farms, irrespective of paddock history before 1998/2000 (zero tillage cropping, traditional cropping, or ~10 years of sown perennial pasture). These results are consistent with previous work in Queensland and central western New South Wales suggesting that the climate (warm, semi-arid temperate, semi-arid subtropical) of much of the inland cropping country in eastern Australia is not conducive to accumulation of soil carbon under continuous cropping, although they do suggest that CS may accumulate under several years of healthy perennial pastures in rotation with zero tillage cropping.

The resilience of soil organic carbon stocks under contrasting hill country pasture management practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Mackay ◽  
Ronaldo Eduardo Vibart ◽  
Catherine McKenzie ◽  
Brian Devantier ◽  
Emma Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Soc Stocks

In 2020 we measured the stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and stocks under contrasting hill country pasture regimes, by sampling three slope classes and three aspect locations on each of three farmlets of a long-term phosphorus fertiliser and sheep grazing experiment. The farmlets included no annual phosphorus (NF), 125 kg of single superphosphate/ha (LF), or 375 kg superphosphate/ha (HF) that has been applied on an annual basis since 1980. Results from the 2020 sampling event were added to previous results reported from soil samples collected in 2003 and 2014. The SOC concentrations in the topsoil (0-75 mm depth), ranging from 4.23 to 5.99% across all slopes and aspects of the farmlets, fell within the normal range (≥3.5 and <7.0%) required for sustaining production and environmental goals. A trend was shown for greater SOC stocks in the topsoil in the HF farmlet (34.0 Mg/ ha) compared with the other two farmlets (31.6 Mg/ha), but this trend was not evident in the deeper soil layers (75-150, 150-300, 0-300 mm). Under the current conditions, topographical features such as slope and aspect had a more profound influence on SOC stocks than management history.

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