Hydrological effects of land use change on small catchments at the Narayen research station, Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Prebble ◽  
GB Stirk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Small Catchments

The hydrological effect of a change in land use, where trees were killed and improved pasture was established, was examined in an open grassy woodland on duplex soil derived from granite. Two pairs of small catchments at the Narayen Research Station, Queensland, were instrumented to measure rainfall, runoff, soil water and meteorological variables. The treated catchments stored up to 26 mm more soil water in the 0-1 m depth than those in their original condition. Evapotranspiration over a period, calculated from rainfall, runoff and soil water storage change, was similar for both treated and untreated catchments. This result was attributed to compensating factors following death of the trees which removed interception of rain and solar radiation, caused an increase in wind velocity at ground level, and allowed enhanced grass growth in the areas previously under tree canopies. A water balance model did not provide a satisfactory calibration for the detection of runoff changes resulting from the treatment. The ratios of the annual runoff from catchment pairs, although variable, did not show drastic changes as a result of treatment. So, provided a good grass cover was maintained, it seems unlikely that the treatment would greatly alter runoff. The chloride balance in the undisturbed woodland under the present climate suggests that any changes due to treatment are unlikely, but indicates that in these soils soluble ions are readily lost from the system.

scholarly journals Diagnosis toward predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 945-956
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Lili Yao ◽  
Ni-Bin Chang ◽  
Dingbao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Storage Capacity

Abstract. Prediction of mean annual runoff is of great interest but still poses a challenge in ungauged basins. The present work diagnoses the prediction in mean annual runoff affected by the uncertainty in estimated distribution of soil water storage capacity. Based on a distribution function, a water balance model for estimating mean annual runoff is developed, in which the effects of climate variability and the distribution of soil water storage capacity are explicitly represented. As such, the two parameters in the model have explicit physical meanings, and relationships between the parameters and controlling factors on mean annual runoff are established. The estimated parameters from the existing data of watershed characteristics are applied to 35 watersheds. The results showed that the model could capture 88.2 % of the actual mean annual runoff on average across the study watersheds, indicating that the proposed new water balance model is promising for estimating mean annual runoff in ungauged watersheds. The underestimation of mean annual runoff is mainly caused by the underestimation of the area percentage of low soil water storage capacity due to neglecting the effect of land surface and bedrock topography. Higher spatial variability of soil water storage capacity estimated through the height above the nearest drainage (HAND) and topographic wetness index (TWI) indicated that topography plays a crucial role in determining the actual soil water storage capacity. The performance of mean annual runoff prediction in ungauged basins can be improved by employing better estimation of soil water storage capacity including the effects of soil, topography, and bedrock. It leads to better diagnosis of the data requirement for predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins based on a newly developed process-based model finally.

scholarly journals Diagnosis toward predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Lili Yao ◽  
Ni-Bin Chang ◽  
Dingbao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Ungauged Basins ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Soil Storage Capacity

Abstract. The present work diagnoses the prediction in mean annual runoff affected by the uncertainty in estimated distribution of soil water storage capacity. Based on a distribution function, a water balance model for estimating mean annual runoff is developed, in which the effects of climate variability and the distribution of soil water storage capacity are explicitly represented. As such, the two parameters in the model have explicit physical meanings, and relationships between the parameters and controlling factors on mean annual runoff are established. The estimated parameters from the existing data of watershed characteristics are applied to 35 watersheds. The results showed that the model could capture 88.2 % of the actual runoff on average, indicating that the proposed new water balance model is promising for estimating mean annual runoff in ungauged watersheds. The underestimation of runoff is mainly caused by the underestimation of the spatial heterogeneity of soil storage capacity due to neglecting the effect of land surface and bedrock topography. A higher spatial variability of soil storage capacity estimated through the Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND) indicated that topography plays a crucial role in determining the actual soil water storage capacity. The performance of mean annual runoff prediction in ungauged basins can be improved by employing better estimation of soil water storage capacity including the effects of soil, topography and bedrock. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the data requirement for predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins based on a newly developed process-based model.

scholarly journals A Daily Water Balance Model Based on the Distribution Function Unifying Probability Distributed Model and the SCS Curve Number Method

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Marwan Kheimi ◽  
Shokry M. Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Daily Water

A new daily water balance model is developed and tested in this paper. The new model has a similar model structure to the existing probability distributed rainfall runoff models (PDM), such as HyMOD. However, the model utilizes a new distribution function for soil water storage capacity, which leads to the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) curve number (CN) method when the initial soil water storage is set to zero. Therefore, the developed model is a unification of the PDM and CN methods and is called the PDM–CN model in this paper. Besides runoff modeling, the calculation of daily evaporation in the model is also dependent on the distribution function, since the spatial variability of soil water storage affects the catchment-scale evaporation. The generated runoff is partitioned into direct runoff and groundwater recharge, which are then routed through quick and slow storage tanks, respectively. Total discharge is the summation of quick flow from the quick storage tank and base flow from the slow storage tank. The new model with 5 parameters is applied to 92 catchments for simulating daily streamflow and evaporation and compared with AWMB, SACRAMENTO, and SIMHYD models. The performance of the model is slightly better than HyMOD but is not better compared with the 14-parameter model (SACRAMENTO) in the calibration, and does not perform as well in the validation period as the 7-parameter model (SIMHYD) in some areas, based on the NSE values. The linkage between the PDM–CN model and long-term water balance model is also presented, and a two-parameter mean annual water balance equation is derived from the proposed PDM–CN model.

Elucidating soil moisture dynamics in agricultural landscapes under varying weather patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Fritz ◽  
Thakshajini Thaasan ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Ranjith Udawatta ◽  
Sidath Mendis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

<p>Changing weather patterns and anthropogenic land use change significantly alter the terrestrial water cycle. A key variable that modulates the water cycle on the land surface is soil moisture and its variability in time and space. Hydrological models are used to simulate key components of the water cycle including infiltration, soil storage and uptake by plants. However, uncertainties remain in accurately representing soil moisture dynamics in models. Here, with the aid of several sensors installed at a 30-ha experimental research facility, we attempt to quantify differences in soil water storage across multiple land use types – cropped area, mosaic of turf grass and native plants, and an unkept weeded area as control land use. We will also discuss the accuracy of sensors to correctly measure soil water storage. Our study was conducted at an agricultural experimental station in Columbia, Missouri, USA. We use a variety of instruments to measure weather, evapotranspiration, and soil water. We used boundary layer scintillometers to measure near-surface turbulence, sensors to continuously track soil moisture and temperature, as well as weather stations for precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation and wind speed.  Changes in volumetric water content and soil temperature are measured at 5-minute intervals at 10-, 20-, and 40-cm soil depths to compare soil water storage among the three land use types. We also took soil samples before and after several storm events to calibrate the sensor readings at three sites. We, then, analyzed several storm events over a period of five months and compared the actual soil moisture and soil temperature dynamics at finer time intervals. With additional measurements of weather and boundary layer turbulence, we hope to reveal the landscape and weather control on soil moisture distribution across multiple land uses, and their subsequent impact on plant water uptake. Our preliminary results indicate that continuously disturbed agricultural lands depletes soil moisture at faster rates, which may present challenges in maintaining land productivity in the long term.</p>

scholarly journals Use of the KINFIL rainfall-runoff model on the Hukava catchment

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. Kovář ◽  
V. Kadlec
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Events ◽  
Small Catchments

The paper reports on the flood events on the forested Hukava catchment. It describes practical implementation of the KINFIL rainfall-runoff model. This model has been used for the reconstruction of the rainfall-runoff events and thus for the calibration of its parameters. The model was subsequently used to simulate the design discharges with an event duration of t<sub>d</sub> = 30, 60, and 300 min in the period of recurrence of 100 years, and during the scenario simulations of the land use change when 40% and 80% of the forest in the catchment had been cleared out and then replaced by permanent grasslands. The implementation of the KINFIL model supported by GIS proved to be a proper method for the flood runoff assessment on small catchments, during which different scenarios of the land use changes were tested.

Exploring meso-scale soil water and groundwater storage changes within the USA through a Bayesian combination of GRACE data with monthly 12.5 km model simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooshin Mehrnegar ◽  
Owen Jones ◽  
Michael B. Singer ◽  
Maike Schumacher ◽  
Thomas Jagdhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
The Usa

&lt;p&gt;Climatic changes in precipitation intensity across the United States (USA) may also affect the frequency and magnitude of drought and flooding events, with potentially serious consequences for water supply across this country. Reliable estimation of water storage changes in the soil root zone and groundwater aquifers is important for predicting future water availability, drought and flood monitoring and weather prediction. In this study, we assimilate Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations into a water balance model with 12.5-km spatial resolution. Our goal is to explore meso-scale surface and deep-level soil water storage, as well as groundwater changes within the USA covering the period 2003-2017. A new Bayesian approach is formulated and implemented in this study, which provides a dynamic solution for a state-space equation between hydrological model outputs and TWS observations, while considering their error structures. The unknown state parameters and temporal dependency between them are estimated through a combination of forward/backward Kalman Filtering and Markov Chain Monto Carlo (MCMC) methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The outputs of this methodological approach are evaluated using in situ data from historical USGS groundwater data (over 6600 wells) and the ESA CCI surface soil moisture data. The results indicate that our GRACE data assimilation generally improves the simulation of groundwater and soil moisture across the USA. For example, the long-term linear trend fitted to the Bayesian-derived groundwater and soil water storage are in a same direction as those of in situ data in 63% and 58% of regions studied across the USA, respectively. However, this vale is estimated less than 51% for both water storage estimates derived from the original water balance model, which suggesting that the data assimilation modulates the hydrological models to perform more realistically. The biggest improvements are observed in the southeast USA with considerably large inter-annual variability in precipitation, where modelled groundwater apparently responded too strongly to the changes in atmospheric forcing. The Bayesian data assimilation method also improves the temporal correlation coefficients between the in situ USGS and ESA CCI data and model outputs after merging with GRACE TWS estimates. For instance, the correlation coefficient between groundwater storage and USGS observation increased from -0.52 to 0.48 and from -0.28 to 0.25 in southeast and southwest of USA, respectively. Finally, we will explore changes in Bayesian-derived groundwater and soil water storage within the Florida, California and South of Mississippi regions and interpret their relations with climate-induced factors such as precipitation and ENSO index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; USA; Data Assimilation; Bayesian Method; Kalman Filtering; MCMC; GRACE; W3RA; groundwater storage; soil water storage; USGS; ESA CCI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Mudanças no Uso da Terra e Efeito nos Componentes do Balanço Hídrico no Agreste Pernambucano

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Thyago Rodrigues do Carmo Brito ◽  
José Romualdo De Sousa Lima ◽  
Cássio Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Marcondes Silva Souza ◽  
Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Regional Land

As mudanças no uso da terra podem provocar alterações no regime hídrico de várias regiões do mundo. Na região agreste de Pernambuco, essas mudanças consistem, principalmente, na retirada da Caatinga para a implantação de pastagens e culturas agrícolas. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito dessas mudanças nos componentes do balanço hídrico. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da conversão de áreas de Caatinga em áreas de pastagem nos componentes do balanço hídrico. Para isso, foram medidos, simultaneamente, o armazenamento de água no solo, os fluxos de água (drenagem e/ou ascensão capilar), o escoamento superficial e a evapotranspiração (ET) durante o período de 24 meses (outubro de 2013 a setembro de 2015), pela metodologia do balanço hídrico no solo, em áreas de Caatinga e de pastagem no município de São João-PE. Verificou-se que o armazenamento de água no solo na Caatinga foi menor que na pastagem, devido ao maior dossel e sistema radicular da Caatinga. As perdas de água por drenagem totalizaram -103,9 mm na pastagem e foram nulas na Caatinga. Em ambas as áreas a ET foi proporcional a precipitação pluvial. totalizando 1.195,6 mm com média de 1,64 mm d-1 na Caatinga e na pastagem totalizou 1.087,4 mm e 1,49 mm d-1. Conclui-se que as mudanças no uso da terra (retirada da Caatinga e implantação de pastagem) resultaram em aumento das perdas de água por drenagem e redução da evapotranspiração, que pode causar impacto no clima regional. Land Use Changes and Effects on the Water Balance Components in Agreste Pernambucano A B S T R A C TLand use changes can cause alterations in water regime in various regions of the world. In the Agreste region of Pernambuco, these changes consist mainly of the removal of Caatinga for the implantation of grassland and crops. However, little is known about the effect of these changes on water balance components. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the conversion of Caatinga areas into grassland in the water balance components. For this, we measured simultaneously the soil water storage, water fluxes (drainage and / or capillary rise), runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) over a 24-month period (October 2013 to September 2015), by the soil water balance method in Caatinga and grassland areas in São João-PE. It was found that the soil water storage in Caatinga was lower than in the grassland, due to the higher canopy and root system of the Caatinga. Water losses, via drainage, totaled -103.9 mm in the grassland and were zero in the Caatinga. In both areas, ET was proportional to rainfall, totaling 1,195.6 mm with an average of 1.64 mm d-1 in the Caatinga and in the grassland totaled 1,087.4 mm and 1.49 mm d-1. It concludes that land use changes (i.e., the conversion of Caatinga areas into grassland) resulted in increased losses of drainage and reduced evapotranspiration, which can impact on regional climate.Key words: Caatinga; grassland; evapotranspiration; soil water content.

Deep infiltration - Significant or not

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
J Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Balance Problem ◽  
Deep Infiltration ◽  
Improved Pasture

For those involved with evaluating the effects on the water balance of changes in land use, it is always interesting and pleasing to see a report on a study involving paired catchments. One such report was presented by Prebble and Stirk (1988). From their study, Prebble and Stirk concluded that the killing of trees and establishment of improved pasture in an open grassy woodland did not affect evapotranspiration. While this result was not quite what they expected, they thought it could be explained by the fact that the killing of the trees resulted in an increase in wind run and in radiation to the grass. This in turn would have increased evapotranspiration from the grass, which would have compensated for the reduction in interception and evapotranspiration by the trees. This explanation, to some extent, ignores the observed increase in average soil water storage following the death of the trees. Perhaps, then, the answer to this water balance problem lies not in the evapotranspiration term, but in the increased soil water storage and associated increased deep drainage.

scholarly journals Comparison of real evapotranspiration measured by weighing lysimeters with simulations based on the Penman formula and a crop growth model

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegehenkel ◽  
Horst H. Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Silty Clay

Abstract Although the quantification of real evapotranspiration (ETr) is a prerequisite for an appropriate estimation of the water balance, precision and uncertainty of such a quantification are often unknown. In our study, we tested a combined growth and soil water balance model for analysing the temporal dynamics of ETr. Simulated ETr, soil water storage and drainage rates were compared with those measured by 8 grass-covered weighable lysimeters for a 3-year period (January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998). For the simulations, a soil water balance model based on the Darcy-equation and a physiological-based growth model for grass cover for the calculation of root water uptake were used. Four lysimeters represented undisturbed sandy soil monoliths and the other four were undisturbed silty-clay soil monoliths. The simulated ETr-rates underestimated the higher ETr-rates observed in the summer periods. For some periods in early and late summer, the results were indicative for oasis effects with lysimeter-measured ETr-rates higher than corresponding calculated rates of potential grass reference evapotranspiration. Despite discrepancies between simulated and observed lysimeter drainage, the simulation quality for ETr and soil water storage was sufficient in terms of the Nash-Sutcliffe index, the modelling efficiency index, and the root mean squared error. The use of a physiological-based growth model improved the ETr estimations significantly.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the actual evapotranspiration of Flemish forest and cropland, using the soil water balance model WAVE

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Verstraeten ◽  
B. Muys ◽  
J. Feyen ◽  
F. Veroustraete ◽  
M. Minnaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Forest Stands

Abstract. This paper focuses on the quantification of the green – vegetation related – water flux of forest stands in the temperate lowland of Flanders. The underlying reason of the research was to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of forests on the hydrologic cycle in comparison to agriculture. The tested approach for calculating the water use by forests was based on the application of the soil water balance model WAVE. The study involved the collection of data from 14 forest stands, the calibration and validation of the WAVE model, and the comparison of the water use (WU) components – transpiration, soil and interception evaporation – between forest and cropland. For model calibration purposes simulated and measured time series of soil water content at different soil depths, period March 2000–August 2001, were compared. A multiple-site validation was conducted as well. Actual tree transpiration calculated with sap flow measurements in three forest stands gave similar results for two of the three stands of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), but WAVE overestimated the actual measured transpiration for a stand of poplar (Populus sp.). A useful approach to compare the WU components of forest versus cropland is scenario analysis based on the validated WAVE model. The statistical Profile Analysis method was implemented to explore and analyse the simulated WU time series. With an average annual rainfall of 819 mm, the results reveal that forests in Flanders consume more water than agricultural crops. A 30 years average of 491 mm for 10 forests stands versus 398 mm for 10 cropped agricultural fields was derived. The WU components, on yearly basis, also differ between the two land use types (transpiration: 315 mm for forest and 261 mm for agricultural land use; soil evaporation: 47 mm and 131 mm, for forest and cropland, respectively). Forest canopy interception evaporation was estimated at 126 mm, while it was negligible for cropland.

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