The role of Ca-organic interactions in soil aggregate stability .II. Field studies with 14C-labeled straw, CaCO3 and CaSO4.2.H2O

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muneer ◽  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dispersible Clay

Uniformly 14C-labelled straw with or without CaCO3 or CaSO4.2H2O was incubated in a leached, fine sandy loam in the field. The addition of both Ca salts increased the residual 14C in the soil after several months decomposition, CaSO4.2H2O being more effective than CaCO3 in this respect. Addition of the Ca salts decreased the amount of dispersible clay and increased the proportion of particles 50-250 �m diameter. The addition of 14C-labelled wheat straw (with or without CaSO4.2H2O or CaCO3) increased the stability of aggregates >2000 pm diameter. Addition of Ca during decomposition of straw resulted in a synergistic stabilization of aggregates >1 mm. Moreover, the stabilization was prolonged in the presence of Ca.

The role of Ca-organic interactions in soil aggregate stability .I. Laboratory studies with glucose 14C, CaCO3 and CaSO4.2.H2O

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muneer ◽  
JM Oades
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Dispersible Clay

14C-glucose with or without CaCO3 or CaS04.2H2O was incubated in a leached fine sandy loam under controlled temperature and humidity for 120 days. The addition of CaSO4.2H2O decreased the release of 14CO2, compared with soil with 14C-glucose and CaCO3 and 14C-glucose only. Addition of CaCO3 initially stimulated release of 14CO2 but subsequently the release of 14CO2 was inhibited compared with treatments with no calcium additions. Addition of both CaSO4.2H20 and CaCO3 resulted in more residual 14C in the soil at the end of the incubation period than in the control soil to which no calcium was added. The addition of CaSO4.2H2O and CaCO3 led to increases in water-stable aggregates 50-250 �m diameter, and decreased the amount of dispersible clay. In the presence of calcium and glucose, the stabilization of aggregates >1000�m occurred and they persisted for a longer time than when no additions of calcium were made.

Vegetation dynamics drive the evolution of soil aggregate stability during the first 14,000 years of soil development in the Swiss alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Greinwald ◽  
Tobias Gebauer ◽  
Ludwig Treuter ◽  
Victoria Kolodziej ◽  
Alessandra Musso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><strong>Aims:</strong></p><p>The stability of hillslopes is an essential ecosystem service, especially in alpine regions with soils prone to erosion. One key variable controlling hillslope stability is soil aggregate stability. However, there is comparatively little knowledge about how vegetation dynamics affect soil aggregate stability during landscape evolution.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong></p><p>We quantified soil aggregate stability by determining the Aggregate Stability Coefficient (ASC), which was developed for stone-rich soils. To reveal how hillslope aging and corresponding changes in vegetation affect the evolution of ASC, we measured plant cover, diversity, and root traits along two chronosequences in the Swiss Alps.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong></p><p>We found a significant positive effect of vegetation cover and diversity on ASC that was mediated via root traits. These relationships, however, developed in a time-depended manner: At young terrain ages, above- and belowground vegetation characteristics had a stronger effect on aggregate stability than species diversity, whereas these relationships were weaker at older stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong></p><p>Our findings highlight the importance of vegetation dynamics for the evolution of aggregate stability and enhance our understanding of processes linked to hillslope stabilization, which is a key priority to avoid further soil degradation and connected risks to human safety in alpine areas.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Gliricidia sepium in Improving Aggregate Stability of Ultisol Limau Manis Padang: A LABoratory study

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Vitria Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
The Stability

There is no much public concern about soil aggregate stability improvement of a soil.  This is due to the fact that it does not directly affect crop yield for a short term, but it determines sustainable agriculture and development for a long term.  This research was aimed to investigate soil physical properties especially soil aggregate stability of Ultisols after fresh OM application, then to determine the exact OM dosage to improve the stability.  Ultisols used was from Limau Manis (± 367 m asl), an area in lower footslope of Mount Gadut, having wet tropical rainforest. Due to land use change, farming activities in that sloping area could enhance erosion process in the environment.  Therefore, efforts to anticipate the erosion must be found.  Fresh OM applied was Gliricidia sepium which was found plenty in the area.  Five levels of fresh Gliricidia sepium, were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t/ha.  Top soil (0-20 cm depth) was mixed with OM, then incubated for 3 months in glasshouse.  The results after a 3-month incubation showed that SOM content did not statistically increase, but it improved based on the criteria, from very low to low level as OM was applied for ≥ 10 t/ha. It seemed that 10 t/ha Gliricidia sepium was the best dosage at this condition. There was a positive correlation between SOM content and aggregate stability index of Ultisols after fresh Gliricidia sepium addition.Keywords: Ultisols, soil aggregate stability, soil organic matter content

Role of cationic polarization in humus-increased soil aggregate stability

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. R. Huang ◽  
H. Li ◽  
S. Li ◽  
H. L. Xiong ◽  
X. J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

scholarly journals Assessing of soil aggregate stability: the sand-correction and its relevance

2009 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Andrea Huisz
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organic Matter Addition

Soil structure and changes in its quality caused by Maize stem (1), Wheat straw (2) and Maize stem & wheat straw (3) addition were assessed by three aggregate-stability indices. We observed that the NSI index formula proposed by Six et al. (2000) was nonsensitive to the changes in soil structure caused by the investigated organic matter addition. Furthermore it overestimates the aggregate-stability of the investigated silty sandy loam soil. Therefore we proposed a new modified NSI formula which is sensitive to the questionable treatments and that resulted in a morerealistic NSI data. The most sensitive index to differences of the investigated treatments were the Mean weight diameter (MWD) proposed by van Bavel (1953, in Kemper és Rosneau, 1986).

Biological soil crusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability along a climate gradient in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Riveras Muñoz ◽  
Steffen Seitz ◽  
Corinna Gall ◽  
Hugo Pérez ◽  
Peter Kuehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Climate Gradient ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
The Stability

<p>Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) composed of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes have a stabilizing effect on the soil surface. This effect is mostly studied in arid climates, where biocrusts are the main biological agent to steady and bind together soil aggregates. Nevertheless, biocrusts are also an integral part of the soil surface under semi-humid and humid climate conditions, mainly covering open spaces in forests and on fallow lands. As such, they often develop after vegetation disturbances, when their ability to compete with higher plants is increased. To better understand how biocrusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability under different climatic conditions, we analyzed soil substrates taken under biocrust communities from four national parks in Chile using dry and wet sieving. These samples cover soils from a large climate gradient from arid (Pan de Azúcar), semiarid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) to humid (Nahuelbuta). <br>Biocrust communities were dominated by cyanobacteria in Pan de Azúcar and Santa Gracia, bryophytes and lichens in La Campana and bryophytes in Nahuelbuta. They showed a stabilizing effect on the soil surface in three of the four investigated climates. Their presence increased the Mean Weight Diameter of the aggregates (MWD) by 102% in Pan de Azúcar, 208% in Santa Gracia and 82% in La Campana. In Nahuelbuta there was no significant increase to the condition without biocrust, because the abundance of permanent soil covering higher vegetation does not allow the effect of biocrusts to manifest. The stabilization differed between the aggregate fractions studied, being most pronounced for smaller aggregates >2 mm. The Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) showed similar results as MWD, but with a clear effect of drying and wetting conditions, as an increase in the stability directly related to precipitation and the climatic gradient. Bulk density (BD) changed from high mean values of 1.50 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Pan de Azúcar and 1.63 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Santa Gracia (where cattle grazing was observed) to 1.16 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in La Campana and the lowest mean of 0.62 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Nahuelbuta, where we observed a more developed soil structure and high organic matter content (21.58% in average). Accordingly, here we also found pronounced hydrophobicity of the soil. These preliminary findings indicate not only differences in the stability of the aggregates, but also in the state of conservation and management of the soils. Results will now be extended by further statistical analyses, which will additionally be presented at vEGU21.</p>

The Effect of Synthetic Soil Conditioners on Soil-Aggregate Stability and the Production of Potatoes and Stringless Beans

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
R. Pérez-Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Stability

Data are presented here on the effect of the synthetic soil conditioners Krilium (formulations 6 and 9) and Aerotil on the aggregate stability of Juncos clay and on the yield of potatoes and string beans. The conditioners used were formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, dry form, and Aerotil, wettable flakes, each at rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. At all levels Krilium 6 showed the highest aggregate-stabilizing capacity. Significant and highly significant differences were obtained between the stability of soil aggregates in the check plots and in all conditioner-treated plots, except where Krilium 9 was used at the minimum level. The production of potatoes of the Kennebeck variety was significantly increased by conditioner treatment, except at the low levels of both Krilium formulations and the intermediate level of formulation 6. Stringless beans did not respond to the increased stability of soil aggregates, which stresses the importance of recognizing crop differences in assessing soil characteristics.

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