Equilibrium moisture content and timelag of dead Pinus pinaster needles

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Lopes ◽  
Domingos Xavier Viegas ◽  
Luís Teixeira de Lemos ◽  
Maria Teresa Viegas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Fine Fuels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Moisture Content Determination

Modelling adsorption and desorption processes and equilibrium moisture content of dead fine fuels below fibre saturation is required to provide an accurate prediction of their drying and wetting processes within the range where flammability increases rapidly with decreasing moisture content. Data from laboratory tests on sorption processes and equilibrium moisture content isotherms of dead Pinus pinaster (Ait.) needles were used to evaluate several models applicable to fine forest fuels and agricultural and food products. Laboratory and field data were used to assess model accuracy in predicting drying and wetting curves and equilibrium moisture content isotherms showing a medium to high predictive ability for almost all cases. The best fitting combinations were obtained with the application of agricultural and food products models for drying and wetting phases and fine forest fuel models for equilibrium moisture content determination.

Equilibrium moisture content of dead fine fuels of selected central European tree species

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schunk ◽  
Clemens Leutner ◽  
Michael Leuchner ◽  
Clemens Wastl ◽  
Annette Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Central European ◽  
Fine Fuels

Fine fuel moisture content is a key parameter in fire danger and behaviour applications. For modelling purposes, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) curves are an important input parameter. This paper provides EMC data for central European fuels and adds methodological considerations that can be used to improve existing test procedures. Litter samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) were subjected to three different experiments using conditioning in a climate chamber and above saturated salt solutions. Climate chamber conditioning yielded the best results and can generally be recommended, however saturated salt solutions are able to produce lower relative humidities, which are relevant to forest fire applications as they represent the highest fire danger. Results were within the range of published sorption isotherms for forest fine fuels. A fairly clear gradation was present with higher EMC values in leaf litters than in needle litters. These differences are in accord with values from the literature and suggest general differences in the sorption properties of leaves and needles, which may be caused by differing chemical and physical properties. The influence of temperature on EMC described in the literature could be confirmed.

scholarly journals Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on equilibrium moisture content and time-lag of forest land surface dead fine fuels

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-235
Author(s):  
HU Hai-Qing ◽  
◽  
LU Xin ◽  
SUN Long ◽  
QU Zhi-Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Fine Fuels

scholarly journals Different methods of equilibrium moisture content determination

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Lutovska ◽  
Vangelce Mitrevski ◽  
Ivan Pavkov ◽  
Mirko Babic ◽  
Vladimir Mijakovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Moisture Content Determination

Moisture Content of Fine Forest Fuels and Fire Occurrence in Central Portugal

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
DX Viegas ◽  
MTSP Viegas ◽  
AD Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Forest Fuels ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Fine Fuels ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content

Moisture content of ten fine fuels frequent in the forests of CentralPortugal and in other Mediterranean areas was measured daily since 1986. Average monthly results are presented for the period of 1987-1990. Pinuspinaster sticks were used as a predictor of dead fuel moisture content. A reasonable correlation was obtained with the moisture content of Pinus pinaster dead needles and Eucalyptus globulus dead leaves. Two options of the MOISTURE module of BEHAVE system were also tested to predict the daily minimum value of fine dead fuel moisture content. Predicted values were always lower than direct measurements, specially when only meteorological data was used. A better agreement was obtained when known moisture content of the previous day was introduced. Using statistical data of oily fire occurrence in some districts around the site where the tests were made, for the same period of time, the probability of fire occurrence, the average number of daily fires and the average area burned each year was analysed as a function of dead pine needles moisture content. Three distinct zones, around and adjacent to the test site showed a very similar behaviour.

scholarly journals A method for describing equilibrium moisture content of forest fuels

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph M. Nelson Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Temperature Hysteresis ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Forest Fuels

The isothermal adsorption and desorption of water vapor by forest fuels is represented with a two-parameter model based on an exponential relationship between Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium moisture content. The model is applied to five sets of sorption data in the literature to illustrate goodness of fit. Two of the data sets are well reproduced by the model; description of the remaining data is less satisfactory. Whether the deviations are due to experimental factors or a deficiency in the model is not determined. At constant temperature, hysteresis ratios tend to increase as percent relative humidity increases.

Analysis of the moisture content of maize kernels in over-ripe plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
T. Árendás ◽  
L. C. Marton ◽  
P. Bónis ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Kernels

The effect of varying weather conditions on the moisture content of the maize grain yield was investigated in Martonvásár, Hungary from late August to late September, and from the 3rd third of September to the 1st third of Novemberbetween 1999 and 2002. In every year a close positive correlation (P=0.1%) could be observed between the moisture content in late September and the rate of drying down in October. Linear regression was used each year to determine the equilibrium moisture content, to which the moisture content of kernels returned if they contained less than this quantity of water in late September and harvesting was delayed. In the experimental years this value ranged from 15.24-19.01%.

Investigation of Historic Equilibrium Moisture Content Data from the Forest Products Laboratory

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel V. Glass ◽  
Samuel L. Zelinka ◽  
Jay A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽  
Forest Products

Food advertising during children’s television programmes in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Silvano Gallus ◽  
Elisa Borroni ◽  
Chiara Stival ◽  
Sharanpreet Kaur ◽  
Sofia Davoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Children's Television ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Objective: Previous studies from European countries noted that food products promoted on TV for children did not comply with international guidelines, including the World Health Organization European Nutrient Profile Model (WHO-ENPM) and the EU Pledge Nutrition Criteria (EU-PNC, an initiative developed by leading food companies). We aim to provide new data from Italy. Design: Evaluation of Italian TV advertisements. Data on nutritional values for food product advertised were compared with nutritional standards issued by the WHO-ENPM and the EU-PNC. Setting: In total, 180 h of TV programmes from six Italian channels, 2016–2017. Participants: Eight hundred and ten consecutive advertisements during children’s programmes. Results: Out of 810 advertisements, 90 (11·1 %) referred to food products. Among these, 84·5 % of the foods promoted did not meet the WHO-ENPM and 55·6 % the EU-PNC guidelines. Advertisements promoting sweet and salty snacks (i.e. ≥ 70 % of all foods) v. other food products showed higher non-compliance with both the WHO-ENPM (OR: 73·8; 95 % CI: 4·09, 1330) and the EU-PNC (OR: 9·21; 95 % CI: 2·82, 30·1). Conclusions: In Italy, most food advertisements during children’s programmes are not compliant with European nutritional standards. Almost all the advertisements for snacks do not meet international guidelines. As the WHO-ENPM guidelines do not propose standards for all the food products, including meals, there is an urgent need to define independent and easy-to-read guidelines for food advertisements targeting children. As a first step towards the complete ban of food advertisements targeting children recommended by other researchers, these guidelines should be enforced by all the TV broadcasts.

Sugar Crystallization, Equilibrium Moisture Content and Crystallization of Amorphous Sucrose and Glucose

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Makower ◽  
W. B. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Equilibrium Moisture Content

Low hydrogen SMAW electrode moisture content determination using electrical capacitance

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Bunnell ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
D. L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Moisture Content Determination
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document