Global assessment of establishment success for amphibian and reptile invaders

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo B. Ferreira ◽  
Colin M. Callahan ◽  
Sharon A. Poessel ◽  
Karen H. Beard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Climate Matching ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
The World ◽  
Tens Rule ◽  
Insight Into

Context According to the tens rule, 10% of introduced species establish themselves. Aims We tested this component of the tens rule for amphibians and reptiles globally, in Europe and North America, where data are presumably of good quality, and on islands versus continents. We also tested whether there was a taxonomic difference in establishment success between amphibians and reptiles. Methods We examined data comprising 206 successful and 165 failed introduction records for 161 species of amphibians to 55 locations, and 560 successful and 641 failed introduction records for 469 species of reptiles to 116 locations around the world. Key results Globally, establishment success was not different between amphibians (67%) and reptiles (62%). Both means were well above the 10% value predicted by the tens rule. In Europe and North America, establishment success was lower, although still higher than 10%. For reptiles, establishment success was higher on islands than on continents. Our results question the tens rule and do not show taxonomic differences in establishment success. Implications Similar to studies on other taxa (birds and mammals), we found that establishment success was generally above 40%. This suggests that we should focus management on reducing the number of herptile species introduced because both reptiles and amphibians have a high likelihood of establishing. As data collection on invasions continue, testing establishment success in light of other factors, including propagule pressure, climate matching and taxonomic classifications, may provide additional insight into which species are most likely to establish in particular areas.

scholarly journals Science Skepticism Across 24 Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110013
Author(s):  
Bastiaan T. Rutjens ◽  
Nikhil Sengupta ◽  
Romy van der Lee ◽  
Guido M. van Koningsbruggen ◽  
Jason P. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Notable Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
Insight Into

Efforts to understand and remedy the rejection of science are impeded by lack of insight into how it varies in degree and in kind around the world. The current work investigates science skepticism in 24 countries ( N = 5,973). Results show that while some countries stand out as generally high or low in skepticism, predictors of science skepticism are relatively similar across countries. One notable effect was consistent across countries though stronger in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) nations: General faith in science was predicted by spirituality, suggesting that it, more than religiosity, may be the ‘enemy’ of science acceptance. Climate change skepticism was mainly associated with political conservatism especially in North America. Other findings were observed across WEIRD and non-WEIRD nations: Vaccine skepticism was associated with spirituality and scientific literacy, genetic modification skepticism with scientific literacy, and evolution skepticism with religious orthodoxy. Levels of science skepticism are heterogeneous across countries, but predictors of science skepticism are heterogeneous across domains.

scholarly journals Book review: Save the world on your own time

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
Karen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Stanley Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

The author presents a contemplative review of Save the World on Your Own Time by Stanley Fish (2008). A methodical review of the book, by chapter, offers the reader insight into the controversial and Fish’s thought-provoking views as he addresses the purpose of higher education and the job of the faculty. The author confronts Fish with reason and passion while offering additional insight to the presented challenges and issues in higher education which are subjectively displayed throughout the book. The seven chapters are summarized by highlighting key arguments discussed in the context of the book.

scholarly journals Masa Orientasi dan Penyesuaian Diri Mahasiswa Baru

Humaniora ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Astrini Astrini
Keyword(s):  
Additional Insight ◽  
Orientation Program ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
New Students ◽  
The University ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Development Of Students

Students as individuals who experience molding of young people in a university are the expectations and support the nation in order to continue development for the welfare of the nation. Achievements that can exceed the standard of education and are also able to develop themselves in order to face numerous challenges effectively represents hope for all students. In order to meet the expectations carried by students, an orientation program should be considered for starting freshman at the university. Usually conducted in both local and overseas universities are the orientation program for new students which aims to introduce students to the campus. Stage of development of students as well as those aspects of life that affect him on the lecture adjustments need to be a basis for making orientation program for new students. This will make the orientation program not only as recognition programs and additional insight into the world but also makes the campus orientation program as a program that facilitates the adjustment of students to be able to meet the needs and meet the demands and expectations as a student. Effective adjustment will occur if the existing orientation program can serve to facilitate and support students in adjusting themselves in the lectures. 

Legal Liability of Municipal Corporations: A Rational Choice Approach to Optimising Deterrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-437
Author(s):  
Barbara Toplak Perovič ◽  
Luka Martin Tomažič
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Unlawful Conduct ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Choice Approach

Since corporations owned by municipalities provide important services to local populations, unlawful conduct on their part is especially undesirable. This paper researches the elements that need to be present in a legal framework, so that the deterrent effect regarding undesirable conduct of municipal corporations will be optimised. An approach based on rational choice considerations is proposed, which takes into account the necessity of an adequate severity of sanctions, a high likelihood of liability for offenders and the need to deprive them of unlawful gains. Interrelation and cumulative effects of norms pertaining to criminal, civil and disciplinary liability are emphasized. The proposed model has the potential to be used by policy-makers to gain additional insight into merits or demerits of different potential legal regimes aimed at deterrence of unlawful behaviour in municipal corporations and their employees.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3265-3275
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ramsdell-Hudock ◽  
Anne S. Warlaumont ◽  
Lindsey E. Foss ◽  
Candice Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Listener Responses ◽  
Infant Vocalization ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Infant Vocalizations ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document