The Small Mammals of Little Nourlangie Rock, N.T II. Ecology of Antechinus bilarni, the Sandstone Antechinus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Begg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Testes Size ◽  
Release Program

In a capture-mark-release program on Antechinus bilarni at Little Nourlangie Rock, N.T., from February 1977 to June 1979, 34,800 trap nights were set, for a total catch of 174 males and 162 females. Breeding is strictly seasonal, with mating around late June. Pouch young are carried in August and September. Lactation continues until December, when free-living young are first trapped. Males show a seasonal increase in testes size, with a decrease after mating. There is no die-off of males; both males and females may survive for a second breeding season. Males undergo a second cycle of increase in testes size, and histological sampling revealed spermatogenesis during their second breeding season. Individual males and females were trapped for up to 24 and 25 months respectively; KTBA estimates are similar for both sexes. Both sexes continue to increase in body weight throughout life. although males lose weight substantially after each breeding season. Sex ratios dropped during October of each year because the activity and trappability of males dropped. Males were recaptured with the onset of the wet season. The preferred habitat was scree slope, at an altitude of around 40-55 m. Some seasonal shifts in habitat were probably related to food availability.

The Small Mammals of Little Nourlangie Rock, N. T IV.* Ecology of Zyzomys woodwardi, the Large Rock-rat, and Z.argurus, the Common Rock-rat, (Rodentia : Muridae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Begg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
The Common ◽  
Release Program

A capture-mark-release program was conducted on Zyzomys woodwardi and Z. argurus at Little Nourlangie Rock, N.T. From February 1977 to June 1979, 34,800 trap-nights were set for a total catch of 205 male and 148 female Z. woodwardi, and 152 male and 118 female Z. argurus. Breeding peaked in March-May, but some young were born in most other months. Rats were classed as adults on the basis of body weight (Z. woodwardi adults >70 g; Z. argurus adults >29 g). Testes became scrota1 around this weight and remained so. Significantly more males than females were caught for both species, due to the greater mobility of males, as evidenced by their high transiency rates and greater mean distances between captures. Trappability dropped to almost zero around March-April, just before the breeding season, but this was not a result of mortality or emigration. There was a clear spatial separation between species. Z. woodwardi were caught most often in the Closed Forest and no Z. argurus were resident there. The latter were most common on the Scree Slope.

The Small Mammals of Little Nourlangie Rock, NT. V. The Effects of Fire

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Begg ◽  
KC Martin ◽  
NF Price
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
Release Program

Following a capture-mark-release program (February 1977-June 1979) on Dasyurus hallucatus, Antechinus bilarni, Zyzomys argurus and Zyzomys woodwardi, the study area was burnt to determine the effects of fire on these species. The area was described in terms of fuel characteristics and details of the fire were recorded. Post-fire trapping began July 1979 and continued until July 1980 (15,600 trap-nights). A. bilarni was the only species to suffer an increased mortality immediately after the fire, but the number of animals known to be alive declined over the year following the fire, for all species except D. hallucatus. The fire affected reproduction in all four species, but in different ways. Breeding in D. hallucatus was delayed by 1 month, and the mean number of young leaving the pouch per female was lower than before the fire. A higher number of resident females kept recruitment up. Litter size in A. bilarni was not affected, but a reduced number of resident females meant that recruitment was halved. Zyzomys argurus and Z. woodwardi showed few lactating and pregnant females in July-August following the fire, and the numbers of juveniles were lower than in the previous two years. Following the fire, no detectable differences in body weight were recorded, but all species except D. hallucatus changed their preferred habitat, moving to the Scree Slope. Z. woodwardi was most affected, and moved from the Closed Forest.

VARIATIONS IN THE WEIGHT OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE FIELD VOLE, MICROTUS AGRESTIS

1961 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN CHITTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Microtus Agrestis ◽  
Field Vole ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluctuating Populations

SUMMARY 1. Mean weights are given for the adrenal glands of 1167 male and 806 female voles from naturally fluctuating populations at Lake Vyrnwy, Wales, during 1952–58. 2. Although the mean standardized adrenal weights of both males and females varied from year to year, no consistent relationship with population trend could be found, except that females from expanding populations tended to have the heaviest adrenals. 3. The adrenal weights increased seasonally each year from low values in the spring to maxima in midsummer and decreased again to low values in the autumn. 4. This fluctuation was exhibited not only by breeding animals but also by those that were sexually immature. It therefore seems unlikely that the seasonal enlargement is entirely a direct effect of gonadal activity, though it may be due to changes in social behaviour during the breeding season. 5. In each month the adrenals of pregnant or lactating females were heavier than those of nulliparous animals of the same body weight.

Identification of the Filial Relationships of Free-Living Small Mammals by 35Sulfur

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Dickman ◽  
DH King ◽  
D.C.D. Happold ◽  
M.J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Different Levels

A technique for determining the filial relationships of free-living small mammals is described. The radioisotope 35*sulfur is injected into a lactating mother, and this passes from the milk and is incorporated in the growing hairs of the young. In three species, Mus musculus and Rattus fuscipes (Rodentia) and Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia), radioactivity in the hairs of the young was detected for up to 130 days after injection of the mother. The technique has the following advantages: (1) the half-life of 35*S is only 87.4 days; (2) 35*S had no evident adverse effects; (3) different treatments, ranging from 0.75 �Ci [27.75 kBq] g-� to 4.25 �Ci [157.25 kBq] g-� body weight of the mothers, resulted in different levels of radioactivity in the hair of the juveniles; consequently, the filial relationships of several mothers and their young may be established. The application of this technique to field studies of small mammals is outlined.

Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jacinta Lalchhanhimi ◽  
Lalremsanga H.T.
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Males And Females

The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.

scholarly journals Interrelationships of body weight and bone weight with densitometric properties of tibiotarsal bone in geese during post-hatching development

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 682-690
Author(s):  
A. Charuta ◽  
MR Tatara ◽  
M. Dzierzecka ◽  
E. Polawska ◽  
I. Ptaszynska-Sarosiek
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Parts

The aim of this study was to evaluate interrelationships of body weight and bone weight and densitometric properties of the tibiotarsus in White Koluda Geese (W31) in the post-hatching period. The study was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at two different parts of tibia: proximal metaphysis and mid-diaphysis. The investigation was performed on 100 bones obtained from males and females at the age of 1, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days of life. All the calculations were performed using the Statistica 9.0 software (StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa, USA). Pearson’s correlation coefficient of body weight and bone weight with all the investigated variables of bone was determined. Depending on the method used for densitometric measurements – DEXA or pQCT, the current study has revealed significant differences in the number of correlations of bone weight and body weight with the evaluated densitometric parameters. Sex-related differences in the investigated interrelationships were also found. In the case of proximal epiphysis, negative correlations of vBMD, tBMC, CTR_DEN and CRT_CNT with body weight and bone weight dominated in one-day-old males. Based on the current observations and the negative correlations of body weight and vBMD, CRT_DEN and TRAB_DEN obtained in the mid-diaphysis of tibiotarsus at the age of 14 days of life, it was concluded that this bone is much more prone to deformations and fractures in males than in females.

Sperm Competition: Mating System, Not Breeding Season, Affects Testes Size of Primates

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Harcourt ◽  
A. Purvis ◽  
L. Liles
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Testes Size

Ventilation standards for small mammals

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard I. Kleinman ◽  
Edward P. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Alveolar Ventilation ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Slide Rule ◽  
Physiological Dead Space ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tidal Volume Breathing

Ventilation standards for small mammals have been prepared on the basis of the relationship between alveolar ventilation and metabolism. On the assumptions of an average respiratory quotient of 0.85 and physiological dead space directly proportional to tidal volume, the relationship between tidal volume, breathing frequency, and body weight has been derived. The standards are presented in a graphic form and as a slide rule. animal ventilation; artificial respiration; tidal volume, breathing frequency and body weight relationship Submitted on August 15, 1963

scholarly journals Influence of gender on carcass yield of twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey at 56 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084
Author(s):  
I. del C. García-Osorio ◽  
J. Oliva-Hernández ◽  
M.M. Osorio-Arce ◽  
G. Torres-Hernández ◽  
J. A. Hinojosa-Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the influence of gender on pre-weaning growth, yield and weight of primal cuts of the carcass of Blackbelly x Pelibuey lambs. 16 twin lambs were used. The lamb gender was the fixed factor. The variables evaluated were: body weight at birth and at weaning, average daily weight gain, weight and yield of carcass and primal cuts: neck, arm, thorax, abdomen and leg. Gender did not affect (P>0.05) body weight at birth. However, the pre-weaning average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning were affected (P<0.05) by the gender. Hot carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected (P>0.05) by the gender of the lamb. Nevertheless, the area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and cavity fat were different between males and females (P<0.05) 11.5±0.73cm2 and 198±0.05 g vs 9.3±0.73cm2 and 282±0.05g, respectively. In conclusion, in twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey males had greater average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning than females. Carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected by the gender of the lamb. However, males had greater area of the L. dorsi muscle than females and these in turn had a greater amount of cavity fat than males.

scholarly journals Bigger Males, Bigger Females? Pigeons’ Sexual Size Dimorphism

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
P. M. Parés- Casanova ◽  
A. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Rensch’S Rule ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Rensch's Rule ◽  
Neck Thickness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Sexual dimorphism, defined as phenotypic differences between males and females, is a common phenomenon in animals. In this line, Rensch’s rule states that sexual size dimorphism increases with increasing body size when the male is the larger sex and decreases with increasing average body size when the female is the larger sex. Domesticated animals offer excellent opportunities for testing predictions of functional explanations of Rensch’s theory. Pigeon breeds encounters many different functional purposes and selective constraints, which could influence strongly their morphology. The aim of this paper is to examine, for first time, Rensch’s rule among domestic pigeons. It was compiled a database of 12 quantitative traits (body weight, body height, beak thickness, beak length, neck length, neck thickness, wing length, rump width, tail length, tarsus length, tarsus thickness and middle toe length) for males and females of 11 different domestic pigeon breeds: Bangladesh Indigenous, Racing Homer, Turkish Tumbler, Indian Lotan, Kokah, Mookee, Indian Fantail, Bokhara Trumpeter, Bombai, Lahore and Hungarian Giant House; Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) was also considered as wild relative for comparative purposes. Comparative results between males and females showed that only body weight, wing length and neck thickness were consistent with Rensch’s rule. The rest of trait did not present correlations. Among domestic pigeons, there can appear different expressions of dimorphism according to each trait, so it must be considered that Rensch’s rule vary when considering other traits than body weight.

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