Identification of the Filial Relationships of Free-Living Small Mammals by 35Sulfur

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Dickman ◽  
DH King ◽  
D.C.D. Happold ◽  
M.J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Different Levels

A technique for determining the filial relationships of free-living small mammals is described. The radioisotope 35*sulfur is injected into a lactating mother, and this passes from the milk and is incorporated in the growing hairs of the young. In three species, Mus musculus and Rattus fuscipes (Rodentia) and Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia), radioactivity in the hairs of the young was detected for up to 130 days after injection of the mother. The technique has the following advantages: (1) the half-life of 35*S is only 87.4 days; (2) 35*S had no evident adverse effects; (3) different treatments, ranging from 0.75 �Ci [27.75 kBq] g-� to 4.25 �Ci [157.25 kBq] g-� body weight of the mothers, resulted in different levels of radioactivity in the hair of the juveniles; consequently, the filial relationships of several mothers and their young may be established. The application of this technique to field studies of small mammals is outlined.

Effects of logging and fire on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest, near Bega, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lunney ◽  
B. Cullis ◽  
P. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

This study of the effects of logging on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales included the effects of a fire in November 1980 and a drought throughout the study period from June 1980 to June 1983. Rattus fuscipes was sensitive to change: logging had a significant impact on its numbers, response to ground cover, and recapture rate; fire had a more severe effect, and drought retarded the post-fire recovery of the population. The three species of dasyurid marsupials differed markedly in their response to ground cover, canopy cover, logging and fire. Antechinus stuartii was distributed evenly through all habitats and was not affected by logging, but fire had an immediate and adverse effect which was sustained by the intense drought. A. swainsonii markedly preferred the regenerating forest, and was not seen again after the fire, the failure of the population being attributed to its dependence on dense ground cover. Sminthopsis leucopus was found in low numbers, appeared to prefer forest with sparse ground cover, and showed no immediate response to logging or fire; its disappearance by the third year post-fire suggests that regenerating forest is inimical to the survival of this species. Mus musculus showed no response to logging. In the first year following the fire its numbers were still very low, but in the next year there was a short-lived plague which coincided with the only respite in the 3-year drought and, importantly, occurred in the intensely burnt parts of the forest. The options for managing this forest for the conservation of small mammals include minimising fire, retaining unlogged forest, extending the time over which alternate coupes are logged and minimising disturbance from heavy machinery.

The Response of Small Mammals to Clearing and Burning of Eucalypt Forest in South-eastern Australia

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Friend
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

Before, during and after a clearing operation for pine plantation establishment, small mammals were trapped on ridges which were to be cleared of all vegetation, and in adjacent gullies which were to be permanently retained under native forest. Rattus fuscipes was the most abundant native species on all grids throughout the study, while R. lutreolus, Antechinus stuartii and A. swainsonii were in low abundance. Clearing in early summer, the breeding season in most of these species, resulted in an acceleration and accentuation of population turnover. Some juveniles and subadults may have moved from the ridges during clearing, while breeding adults remained and probably perished. Populations of R. fuscipes on ridge areas were drastically reduced by clearing and windrowing, but subadults recolonized the affected areas within 1-2 months. Results for the other three native species were inconclusive, due to the few individuals captured at any time during the study. The exotic species Mus musculus began to invade immediately following windrow burning.

Populations of Four Small Mammals in Radiata Pine Plantations and Eucalypt Forests of North-Eastern Victoria.

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Suckling ◽  
A Heislers
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

[See also FA 39, 2088] A 2-yr trapping study was made on (a) Rattus fuscipes, (b) Antechinus stuartii, (c) Mus musculus and (d) A. swainsonii in mature eucalypt forest, a narrow stream-side strip of eucalypt forest, and in 3 pine plantations, 8, 22 and 42 yr old. In each area (a) and (d) were largely and (c) always confined to dense native vegetation along streams, whilst (b) was more frequent along streams than on slopes. More animals were found away from streams in young pine plantations than in other forest types.

The effect of feeding levels on the fecundity of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Horwood ◽  
M. Greer Walker ◽  
P. Witthames
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Food Level ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Early Decision ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Previous field studies have recorded yearly variations in fecundity of 40–60% in similar sized plaice, and an experiment was conducted to investigate whether these changes could be generated, in the laboratory, by feeding plaice different levels of ration. One group of plaice was fed at a rate of about 2–2.3% of wet body weight per day, and a second group was fed initially 0.5% and later 1.8% per day. The experiment lasted for a period of 406 days.Of those fed on the lower ration, 39% produced no granular oocytes, whereas all fish on the higher ration produced granular oocytes. A comparison between the two groups, of those which did produce granular oocytes, found that the better-fed fish had 59% more granular oocytes, but the differences were less pronounced for the smaller, mature fish. Numbers of resting oocytes are also recorded.The results suggest that food level can significantly affect fecundity, and also revealed a new mechanism for regulation of fecundity in the plaice. The lack of granular oocytes was not due to atresia, but to an early decision not to proceed with gonad development; whether this is of practical significance for the population of plaice in the wild is not yet established.

The Small Mammals of Little Nourlangie Rock, N.T II. Ecology of Antechinus bilarni, the Sandstone Antechinus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Begg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Testes Size ◽  
Release Program

In a capture-mark-release program on Antechinus bilarni at Little Nourlangie Rock, N.T., from February 1977 to June 1979, 34,800 trap nights were set, for a total catch of 174 males and 162 females. Breeding is strictly seasonal, with mating around late June. Pouch young are carried in August and September. Lactation continues until December, when free-living young are first trapped. Males show a seasonal increase in testes size, with a decrease after mating. There is no die-off of males; both males and females may survive for a second breeding season. Males undergo a second cycle of increase in testes size, and histological sampling revealed spermatogenesis during their second breeding season. Individual males and females were trapped for up to 24 and 25 months respectively; KTBA estimates are similar for both sexes. Both sexes continue to increase in body weight throughout life. although males lose weight substantially after each breeding season. Sex ratios dropped during October of each year because the activity and trappability of males dropped. Males were recaptured with the onset of the wet season. The preferred habitat was scree slope, at an altitude of around 40-55 m. Some seasonal shifts in habitat were probably related to food availability.

The Water Fluxes of Rattus-Fuscipes and Antechinus-Stuartii Before and After a Prescribed Fire

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Catling ◽  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

We examined the postulate that fires would induce shortages of food and water and would be reflected in changes in water influx and efflux, loss of body weight and body fat, and an increase in mass specific body water in populations of Rattus fuscipes and Antechinus stuartii. A low-intensity, prescribed fire had no effect on any parameter and food supplies appeared adequate for the survivors in the short term. Some parameters differed between sites, sexes and species. The differences observed in male A. stuartii resulted from their unusual life cycle and not from fire.

Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Amris ◽  
C. J Amris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.

THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Yosi Fenita
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.)  no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion.  In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

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