Reproduction of Pseudomys novaehollandiae (Muridae) in the laboratory

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Kemper
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Lactating Females

Oestrous cycle, gestation, parturition, litter size, lactation and sexual maturity were studied in a captive colony of the Australian murid P. novaehollandiae. The pattern of reproduction is similar to that of other murids, although oestrous cycle (6.0 � 1.26 days) and gestation period (31.5 � 0.96 days) are longer than those in the laboratory rat and mouse. Changes in the external appearance of the vagina were too inconsistent to identify stages of the oestrous cycle, but were of use in determining the stage of pregnancy or lactation. Parturition took place during the light phase of the day-length regime, with post-partum oestrus during the following dark phase. Weight changes in pregnant and lactating females were considered. The average litter size was 4.0 � 1.03 with a range of one to six. Oestrus was inhibited during lactation and recurred about 24 days after parturition. Sexual maturity was earlier in females (13 weeks) than in males (20 weeks).

Reproductive Ecology of The Allied Rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
R. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Minimum Age

Petrogale assimilis has a typical life history and reproductive ecology for a macropodid of its size. Both sexes are capable of reproducing continuously; gestation is about the same length as the oestrous cycle (approximately one month); a single young is born and, a post-partum oestrus and embryonic diapause probably occurs. The sex ratio of young is unbiased. Pouch young remain permanently attached to the teat until 110 - 143 days (n=11). Permanent exit from the pouch occurs at 180 - 231 days (mean=201 days, n=25), and weaning occurs between 267 - 387 days (n=5). Sexual maturity occurs at a minimum age of 17.5 months in females and 23 months in males.

Breeding Biology of the Agile Wallaby, Macropus agilis (Gould) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Female agile wallabies in captivity reached sexual maturity at about 12 months old and males produced mature spermatozoa by 14 months. Breeding was continuous throughout the year and birth and oestrus were recorded in every month. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 32.4 days, and the mean gestation period 29.4 days. Females exhibited post-partum oestrus, usually mating within 1 day of birth. Sixty-four young born in captivity comprised 24 males, 30 females and 10 of unknown sex. If a pouch young were removed or lost, the quiescent blastocyst resumed its development, to birth about 26.5 days later. Failure or absence of the blastocyst was followed by an oestrus at about the time of the corresponding post-partum oestrus. Both the oestrous cycle and the interval between removal of a pouch young and oestrus were significantly longer than when a pregnancy intervened. The oestrous cycle was characterized by changes in the proportions of the main cell types in the vaginal smear, and by changes in the appearance of the urogenital opening and the pouch and teats. The approach of oestrus could not be predicted from vaginal smears but the post-oestrous condition was always recognizable even without mating. Young animals first left the pouch for short periods between the ages of 176 and 211 days, and left permanently between 207 and 237 days. Animals of known age were measured and the development of various morphological characters noted at weekly intervals from about birth until 12 months old.

Reproduction in the pseudomyine rodent Mesembriomys gouldii (Gray) (Muridae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Unmated Female

M. gouldii is polyoestrous and polyovular. In the non-pregnant female the oestrous cycle is 26 � 3.5 days (range 21-35 days). Mucus appears irregularly during the dioestrous interval and seems to be derived from epithelial cells of the vagina. Ovulation is spontaneous and usually alternate, one to four corpora lutea being formed. The corpora lutea of the unmated female are functional until the 15th-17th day of the cycle. Gestation lasted from 43 to 44 days, a "placental sign" occurring between the 22nd and 33rd day. A post-partum oestrus and mating occur but no delay in implantation was recorded. Litter size ranges from one to three. The young are well developed at birth, and cling tenaciously to the teats for the first few weeks. Growth is rapid and the young can be weaned after 42 days. This pattern of reproduction is compared with the limited data from other Australian Muridae.

Reproduction of the whiptail wallaby, Macropus parryi Bennett (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in captivity with age estimation of the pouch-young

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction of the whiptail wallaby, Macropus parryi, was studied in captivity. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 41.8 days while the mean length of the gestation period was 38.0 days. M. parryi bred throughout the year and post-partum oestrus was not recorded although mating did occur during the pouch life when the pouch-young was 118–168 days of age. The length of the pouch-life was 256–267 days and weaning occurred 104–215 days after emergence from the pouch. Sexual maturity for females occurred at 509–647 days of age. An age-determination table was produced and found useful for predicting age of pouch-young using body measurements.

Reproduction in Captive Wallaroos - the Eastern Wallaroo, Macropus-Robustus-Robustus, the Euro, Macropus-Robustus-Erubescens and the Antilopine Wallaroo, Macropus-Antilopinus

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
In Captivity

Wallaroos were bred in captivity during almost 20 years. Individual males attained sexual maturity at between 18 and 20 months old and females at between 14 and 24 months old; both sexes were capable of breeding throughout the year. Gestation was 30-38 d and extended almost the full length of the oestrous cycle, 31-46 d. Post-partum mating usually produced a blastocyst subject to lactational quiescence. Removal or loss of a pouch young usually resulted in birth 28-32 d later but up to 41 d later in the presence of an actively suckled young-at-foot. Pouch life ranged between 231 and 270 d, with vacation of the pouch usually followed by another birth 1-14 d later. Lactation exceeded 12-14 months but suckling had waned by 15-17 months. Reproductive patterns for M. r. robustus and M. r. erubescens were similar although significant differences between the subspecies were recorded in length of oestrous cycle, the interval from loss of pouch young to birth and post-partum oestrus, the length of pouch life and the time between vacation of the pouch and birth. In addition, the reproductive activity of hybrids produced by matings between the subspecies was observed, as was that of a limited number of M. antilopinus.

Breeding of a Captive Colony of Notomys fuscus Wood Jones (Rodentia : Muridae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Aslin ◽  
CHS Watts
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Delayed Implantation ◽  
Lactating Females

Reproductive data were obtained from a captive colony of N. fuscus over 10 years. Females had an oestrous cycle averaging 7.4 days, and a gestation period averaging 34.3 days. Only three possible instances of post-partum mating were recorded, but. some lactating females returned to oestrus 14-22 days after birth of their young. There was no evidence of delayed implantation due to lactation. Vaginal bleeding occurred in pregnant females 8-17 days before birth. Seventy-four litters were born, litter sizes ranging from one to five, average 2.7. No breeding season was evident. Both sexes were reproductively mature at 70 days old. Comparisons are made with other species of Notomys, and their generally low reproductive rate discussed.

Comparative Reproductive Biology of Two Sympatric Tropical Lizards Chamaeleo jacksonii BOULENGER and Chamaeleo hoehnelii STEINDACHNER (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-yi Lin ◽  
Craig E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Monthly Means ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
Average Litter Size

AbstractThe reproductive biology of two sympatric tropical lizards Chamaeleo jacksonii and C. hoehnelii was investigated from April 1972 to June 1973 in Karatina, Kenya. The smallest gravid female was 80 mm SVL in C. jacksonii, and 67 mm SVL in C. hoehnelii. The smallest male showing enlarged testis, epididymis and as deferens was 90 mm SVL in C. jacksonii and 70 mm SVL in C. hoehnelii. The age at sexual maturity was estimated to be approximately 91/2 months for female C. hoehnelii and 101/2 months for male C. hoehnelii, 131/2 months for female C. jacksonii and 16 months for male C. jacksonii. Both species are viviparous. Monthly means of testis weight/SVL in C. jacksonii revealed a seasonal cycle with a minimum in August and a maximum in February. The monthly means of kidney weight/SVL showed a cyclic pattern slightly different from the testicular cycle, in that kidney size peaked during period in which actual matings were observed. Parturition began in mid-January and persisted into March in C. jacksonii. Post-reproductive quiescence extended from January to March. Vitellogenesis extended from mid-March through August, and the peak of ovulation occurred in August. Gestation began early in July and extended into February. Although female C. jacksonii require more than a year to mature, some apparently gave birth during their first post partum breeding season at an age of 14-15 months. The average litter size was 21.7 in C. jacksonii. Litter size increased strongly with SVL and age, and slightly with reproductive category. Reproductive effort was 46.7%, 51.9%, 46.4%, 42.8%, and 39.7%, respectively for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth year old individuals. Both male and female C. hoehnelii reproduced continuously throughout the year as shown by the testicular and kidney cycles for males, and by the continuous presence of yolked follicles, oviducal ova and fertilized ova every month for females. The average litter size was 13.7 in C. hoehnelii. Litter size correlated positively with SVL. Reproductive effort was 53.6%, 44.6%, 40.4%, and 40.5%, respectively for the first, second, third and fourth year old individuals. Although C. jacksonii and C. hoehnelii are two closely related species, and occur sympatrically, their reproductive patterns are widely divergent, and are found to be on the opposite sides of Tinkle's dichotomy. It is proposed that C. jacksonii and C. hoehnelii evolved in allopatry. The presently known distribution and current theory of lizard reproductive strategy support this proposal.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Akodon molinae (Rodentia Cricetidae), a new laboratory animal: breeding, management and reproductive performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Susana Merani ◽  
Marta Susana Lizarralde
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Laboratory Colony

Akodon molinae, a vole mouse widely distributed in central Argentina, shows remarkable chromosome polymorphisms. It is one of the natural reservoirs of the actiologic agent of haemorrhagic fever, and a laboratory colony could be of great help in investigating this disease. Pregnancy lasted 23 (range 21-25) days. Litters of 4-5 young were born to monogamous breeding pairs about every 30 days, with weaning at 26 days post partum. The sex ratio at birth was 505 males to 500 females: at weaning it was 460 to 440. Sexual maturity was attained at about 16 weeks of age in males and 12-20 weeks in females. Akodon molinae is easy to handle, but fighting and killing or neglect of young are problems.

Aspects of reproduction in the genus Notomys (Muridae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Interspecific Variations

Reproductive biology was studied in captive N. alexis, N. fuscus, N. mitchellii and N, cervinus. All were polyoestrous, the oestrous cycle averaging 7.0-8.0 days in N. alexis and N. mitchellii and 9.0 days in N. fuscus. In N. cervinus there was a considerable variation in length; this species may be easily stressed and less adaptable to captivity. Gestation in the non-lactating animal lasted 32, 34-37 and 38-43 days in N. alexis, N. mitchellii and N, cervinus respectively; all three had post-partum oestrus and mating. Lactation appeared to delay implantation in N, cervinus and probably in N. mitchellii, but not in N. alexis; it lasted 3-4 weeks, during which time the young clung tenaciously to the teats. Oestrus was not always suspended during lactation in N. alexis, and conception may take place during suckling in this species. Interspecific variations in this pattern of reproduction are discussed, and the information compared with data from other Australian Muridae.

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