scholarly journals Active role of fatty acid amino acid conjugates in nitrogen metabolism in Spodoptera litura larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (46) ◽  
pp. 18058-18063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Yoshinaga ◽  
Takako Aboshi ◽  
Hiroaki Abe ◽  
Ritsuo Nishida ◽  
Hans T. Alborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Active Role

Since the first fatty acid amino acid conjugate (FAC) was isolated from regurgitant of Spodoptera exigua larvae in 1997 [volicitin: N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-l-glutamine], their role as elicitors of induced responses in plants has been well documented. However, studies of the biosyntheses and the physiological role of FACs in the insect have been minimal. By using 14C-labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, and linolenic acid in feeding studies of Spodoptera litura larvae, combined with tissue analyses, we found glutamine in the midgut cells to be a major source for biosynthesis of FACs. Furthermore, 20% of the glutamine moiety of FACs was derived from glutamic acid and ammonia through enzymatic reaction of glutamine synthetase (GS). To determine whether FACs improve GS productivity, we studied nitrogen assimilation efficiency of S. litura larvae fed on artificial diets containing 15NH4Cl and glutamic acid. When the diet was enriched with linolenic acid, the nitrogen assimilation efficiency improved from 40% to >60%. In the lumen, the biosynthesized FACs are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glutamine, which are reabsorbed into tissues and hemolymph. These results strongly suggested that FACs play an active role in nitrogen assimilation in Lepidoptera larva and that glutamine containing FACs in the gut lumen may function as a form of storage of glutamine, a key compound of nitrogen metabolism.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK ASAM AMINO DAN ASAM LEMAK BEKASAM KERANG BULU (Anadara antiquate) DI DESA BENAN KABUPATEN LINGGA

Marinade ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
M. Desra Hari Putra ◽  
R. Marwita Sari Putri ◽  
Yulia Oktavia ◽  
Aidil Fadli Ilhamdy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Acid Yield

Formation of feather shells (Anadara antiquata) which has been carried out the characteristics of amino acids and fatty acids obtained the highest amino acid yield is Arginine 10293.28, and the lowest histidine is 136.91. The highest saturated fatty acid is palmitic which is 1.20 and the lowest lauric acid is 0.09, the highest monounsaturated fatty acid is glutamic acid 17257.96, and the lowest is alanine 312.56, the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid is linoleic 0.58, linolenic acid 0.58, and the lowest arachidonic acid 0.29.

The role of C-terminal amino acid residues of a Δ6-fatty acid desaturase from blackcurrant

2013 ◽  
Vol 431 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Song ◽  
Wan-Xiang Lu ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Wei-Bo Yin ◽  
Yu-Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Terminal Amino

Role of Ethylene in the Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid-Derived Volatiles in Tomato Fruits

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 937-950
Author(s):  
Yuan Hong Xie ◽  
Hong Yan Gao ◽  
Yun Bo Luo ◽  
Hong Xing Zhang ◽  
Xiang Ning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Hydroperoxide Lyase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Aroma Volatiles ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis or action has an important effect on volatiles production in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits. To understand the role of ethylene in the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived aroma volatiles in tomato, we used Lichun tomato from a transgenic line with strictly suppression of ethylene biosynthesis (antisenseLeACS2tomato) and its wild type background line. This study was focused on the levels of the precursor substrates, activities and transcriptional levels of aroma volatile-related enzymes, including lipoxygenase (LOX), hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). We also investigated the different abilities of converting the precursor substrates to aroma volatiles in ethylene suppressed transgenic and wild-type (WT) tomato fruits. Our results showed that the contents of endogenous linoleic and linolenic acid in tomato fruits were ethylene depended. Suppression of ethylene biosynthesis increased the content of endogenous linolenic acid inLichuntomato fruit and then declined the ratio of linoleic /linolenic acid. Exogenous ethylene changed the value of linoleic acid /linolenic acid in antisenseLeACS2(ACS) tomato fruit to the similar level of WT. During the ripening of wild type Lichun tomato fruit, LOX activity was ethylene and development dependent. Suppression of ethylene biosynthesis did not inhibit the transcriptional expression ofLoxCgene. And the HPL and ADH activities were partial ethylene-dependent during the ripening of wild typeLichuntomato fruit. Moreover, suppression of ethylene biosynthesis also affected the bioconversion of unsaturated-fatty acid precursors to C6 aldehydes and C6 alcohols. All these results indicated that ethylene had complicated effects on the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived armoa volatiles by affecting the precursor’s content, enzyme activities, enzyme expression and the substrate utilization.

Targeted mutagenesis of a fatty acid Δ6-desaturase from Mucor rouxii: Role of amino acid residues adjacent to histidine-rich motif II

2006 ◽  
Vol 339 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthicha Na-Ranong ◽  
Kobkul Laoteng ◽  
Prasat Kittakoop ◽  
Morakot Tanticharoen ◽  
Supapon Cheevadhanarak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Mucor Rouxii ◽  
Δ6 Desaturase

Effect of glutamic acid on the fatty acid and lipid composition of Choanephora cucurbitarum

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1827-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Deven ◽  
M. S. Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Yeast Extract Medium ◽  
Choanephora Cucurbitarum ◽  
Extract Medium

The fatty acid composition of the total, neutral, sterol, free fatty acid, and polar-lipid fractions in the mycelium of Choanephora cucurbitarum was determined. The major fatty acids in all lipid fractions were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic acid. Different lipid fractions did not show any particular preference for any individual fatty acid; however, the degree of unsaturation was different in different lipid fractions. Free fatty acid and polar lipid fractions contained a higher proportion of γ-linolenic acid than did triglyceride and sterol fractions. Addition of glutamic acid to the malt–yeast extract medium resulted in the biosynthesis of a number of long-chain fatty acids beyond the γ-linolenic acid. These fatty acids, e.g., C22:1, C24:0, and C26:0, were never observed to be present in the fungus when grown on a malt–yeast extract medium without glutamic acid. Furthermore, thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed a larger and denser spot of diphosphatidyl glycerol from the mycelium grown on glutamic acid medium than from the control mycelium. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.

scholarly journals Physiological, Nutritional and Metabolomic Responses of Tomato Plants After the Foliar Application of Amino Acids Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid and Alanine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Alfosea-Simón ◽  
Silvia Simón-Grao ◽  
Ernesto Alejandro Zavala-Gonzalez ◽  
Jose Maria Cámara-Zapata ◽  
Inmaculada Simón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings

Agriculture is facing a great number of different pressures due to the increase in population and the greater amount of food it demands, the environmental impact due to the excessive use of conventional fertilizers, and climate change, which subjects the crops to extreme environmental conditions. One of the solutions to these problems could be the use of biostimulant products that are rich in amino acids (AAs), which substitute and/or complement conventional fertilizers and help plants adapt to climate change. To formulate these products, it is first necessary to understand the role of the application of AAs (individually or as a mixture) in the physiological and metabolic processes of crops. For this, research was conducted to assess the effects of the application of different amino acids (Aspartic acid (Asp), Glutamic acid (Glu), L-Alanine (Ala) and their mixtures Asp + Glu and Asp + Glu + Ala on tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To understand the effect of these treatments, morphological, physiological, ionomic and metabolomic studies were performed. The results showed that the application of Asp + Glu increased the growth of the plants, while those plants that received Ala had a decreased dry biomass of the shoots. The greatest increase in the growth of the plants with Asp + Glu was related with the increase in the net CO2 assimilation, the increase of proline, isoleucine and glucose with respect to the rest of the treatments. These data allow us to conclude that there is a synergistic effect between Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid, and the amino acid Alanine produces phytotoxicity when applied at 15 mM. The application of this amino acid altered the synthesis of proline and the pentose-phosphate route, and increased GABA and trigonelline.

P1888Autoantiboides to Muscarinic M2 cholinoceptors in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E S Mironova ◽  
N A Mironova ◽  
N Y U Mironov ◽  
L Y U Layovich ◽  
S P Golitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Extracellular Loop ◽  
Autoimmune Processes

Abstract Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most frequenly encountered arrhythmia. In the majority of cases AFib occurs in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension (AH). In 10–15% of cases AFib occurs in the absense of comorbidities in structurally normal heart. It is reffered to as “lone AFib” and the cause of this arrhythmia remains unknown. Activation of cardiac M2-actylcholinoreceptors (M2-CR) leads to decrease in duration of atrial refractory periods that may contribute to development of AFib. Autoantibodies against M2-CR has cholinomimetic properties, but role of these autoantibodies in development and maintenance of AFib has not been studied. Purpose To assess autoantibodies against M2-CR in patients with paroxysmal lone AFib, in patients with AFib and AH and healthy people. Methods 100 patints with lone Afib, 100 patients with Afib and AH and 25 healthy people were included. Patients underwent clinical blood and urinlysis, assessment of biochemistry blood panel, 12-lead ECG, 24-hour Holter monitoring, echocardiography and stress-testing (treadmill or stress-echocardiography). Assesment of IgM and IgG autoantibodies to M2-CR was performed by indirect immunoenzyme assay. The following peptide molecules were used as epitopes for detection of autoantibodies: M1-amino acid sequence YTVIGYWPLGVVCDL (83–98) of the first extracellular loop of M2-CR; M2-sequence VRTVEDGECYIQFFSNAAVTFGTAI (168–192) of the second extracellular loop of M2-CR; M3-sequence NTFCAPCIPNTV (410–421) of the third extracellular loop of M2-CR, M4-short sequence VEDGECYIQFFS (171–182) of the second extracellular loop of M2-CR; M1+M4-chimeric molecule formed by sequences of the first and the second extacellular loops of M2-CR connected by disulfide bound YTVIGYWPLGVVCDL+VEDGECTIQFFS (83–98+171–182). Results IgG to M2-CR were found in 32% of patients with AFib and in 12% of healthy subjects (p<0,05). IgM to M2-CR were found in 25% of patients with AFib and in 32% of healthy subjects (p<0,05). In patients with lone AFib prevalence of IgG to M2-CR were greater than in patients with AFib and AH (39% vs 25%; p<0,05). Patients with lone AFib and AFib and AH had higher prevalence of IgG to all amino-acid sequences and difference was statistically significant for M2, M4, M1+M4 epitopes (see fig.). Prevalence of IgG to M2-CR epitopes Conclusion Higher prevalence of IgG to M2-CR in patients with AFib than in healthy subjects may suppose an active role of autoimmune processes in arrhythmogenesis.

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