scholarly journals Influence of the period-dependent circadian clock on diurnal, circadian, and aperiodic gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster

2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (14) ◽  
pp. 9562-9567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lin ◽  
M. Han ◽  
B. Shimada ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
T. M. Gibler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Circadian Clock

scholarly journals Peripheral Sensory Organs Contribute to Temperature Synchronization of the Circadian Clock in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah George ◽  
Ralf Stanewsky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
External Time ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous endogenous oscillators, generated and maintained by self-sustained 24-h rhythms of clock gene expression. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, these daily rhythms of gene expression regulate the activity of approximately 150 clock neurons in the fly brain, which are responsible for driving the daily rest/activity cycles of these insects. Despite their endogenous character, circadian clocks communicate with the environment in order to synchronize their self-sustained molecular oscillations and neuronal activity rhythms (internal time) with the daily changes of light and temperature dictated by the Earth’s rotation around its axis (external time). Light and temperature changes are reliable time cues (Zeitgeber) used by many organisms to synchronize their circadian clock to the external time. In Drosophila, both light and temperature fluctuations robustly synchronize the circadian clock in the absence of the other Zeitgeber. The complex mechanisms for synchronization to the daily light–dark cycles are understood with impressive detail. In contrast, our knowledge about how the daily temperature fluctuations synchronize the fly clock is rather limited. Whereas light synchronization relies on peripheral and clock-cell autonomous photoreceptors, temperature input to the clock appears to rely mainly on sensory cells located in the peripheral nervous system of the fly. Recent studies suggest that sensory structures located in body and head appendages are able to detect temperature fluctuations and to signal this information to the brain clock. This review will summarize these studies and their implications about the mechanisms underlying temperature synchronization.

scholarly journals DOUBLETIME Plays a Noncatalytic Role To Mediate CLOCK Phosphorylation and Repress CLOCK-Dependent Transcription within the Drosophila Circadian Clock

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1452-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangjie Yu ◽  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Jeffrey L. Price ◽  
Paul E. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Synthesis Activity

ABSTRACT Circadian clocks keep time via gene expression feedback loops that are controlled by time-of-day-specific changes in the synthesis, activity, and degradation of transcription factors. Within the Drosophila melanogaster circadian clock, DOUBLETIME (DBT) kinase is necessary for the phosphorylation of PERIOD (PER), a transcriptional repressor, and CLOCK (CLK), a transcriptional activator, as CLK-dependent transcription is being repressed. PER- and DBT-containing protein complexes feed back to repress CLK-dependent transcription, but how DBT promotes PER and CLK phosphorylation and how PER and CLK phosphorylation contributes to transcriptional repression have not been defined. Here, we show that DBT catalytic activity is not required for CLK phosphorylation or transcriptional repression and that PER phosphorylation is dispensable for repressing CLK-dependent transcription. These results support a model in which DBT plays a novel noncatalytic role in recruiting additional kinases that phosphorylate CLK, thereby repressing transcription. A similar mechanism likely operates in mammals, given the conserved activities of PER, DBT, and CLK orthologs.

scholarly journals Inositol synthesis gene is required for circadian rhythm of Drosophila melanogaster mating behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Sakata ◽  
Haruhisa Kawasaki ◽  
Norio Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Rhythm Generation ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Inositol 1 ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Close Proximity

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that the molecular circadian clock underlies the mating behavior of Drosophila melanogaster. However, information about which gene affects circadian mating behavior is poorly understood in animals. The present study found that feeding Myo-inositol enhanced the close-proximity (CP) rhythm of D. melanogaster mating behavior and lengthened the period of the CP rhythm. Then, to understand a role for inositol synthesis to fly mating behavior, we established the Inos (Myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase) gene knock down fly strains with RNAi. Interestingly, the CP behavior of this three-different driver knock down strains was arrhythmic, but the locomotor rhythm was rhythmic. The data of three-different Inos knock down strains suggests that Inos gene expression of upper LNd, l-LNV, 5ths-LNv in brain is necessary for proper CP rhythm generation in D. melanogaster. The data indicated that the Inos gene is involved in the role for the circadian rhythm of D. melanogaster mating behavior.

scholarly journals The Effect of General Anaesthesia on Circadian Rhythms in Behaviour and Clock Gene Expression of Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
Nina Li ◽  
Ralf Stanewsky ◽  
Tessa Popay ◽  
Guy Warman ◽  
James Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
Subjective Night ◽  
Circadian Time ◽  
Concentration Constants

General anaesthesia (GA) is implicated as a cause of postoperative sleep disruption and fatigue with part of the disturbance being attributed to a shift of the circadian clock. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model to determine how Isoflurane affects the circadian clock at the behavioural and molecular levels. We measured the response of the clock at both of these levels caused by different durations and different concentrations of Isoflurane at circadian time 4 (CT4). Once characterized, we held the duration and concentration constants (at 2% in air for 6 h) and calculated the phase responses over the entire circadian cycle in both activity and period expression. Phase advances in behaviour were observed during the subjective day, whereas phase delays were associated with subjective night time GA interventions. The corresponding pattern of gene expression preceded the behavioural pattern by approximately four hours. We discuss the implications of this effect for clinical and research practice.

scholarly journals Transcriptomal dissection of soybean circadian rhythmicity in two geographically, phenotypically and genetically distinct cultivars

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Yue ◽  
Ze Jiang ◽  
Enoch Sapey ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

Abstract Background In soybean, some circadian clock genes have been identified as loci for maturity traits. However, the effects of these genes on soybean circadian rhythmicity and their impacts on maturity are unclear. Results We used two geographically, phenotypically and genetically distinct cultivars, conventional juvenile Zhonghuang 24 (with functional J/GmELF3a, a homolog of the circadian clock indispensable component EARLY FLOWERING 3) and long juvenile Huaxia 3 (with dysfunctional j/Gmelf3a) to dissect the soybean circadian clock with time-series transcriptomal RNA-Seq analysis of unifoliate leaves on a day scale. The results showed that several known circadian clock components, including RVE1, GI, LUX and TOC1, phase differently in soybean than in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that the soybean circadian clock is obviously different from the canonical model in Arabidopsis. In contrast to the observation that ELF3 dysfunction results in clock arrhythmia in Arabidopsis, the circadian clock is conserved in soybean regardless of the functional status of J/GmELF3a. Soybean exhibits a circadian rhythmicity in both gene expression and alternative splicing. Genes can be grouped into six clusters, C1-C6, with different expression profiles. Many more genes are grouped into the night clusters (C4-C6) than in the day cluster (C2), showing that night is essential for gene expression and regulation. Moreover, soybean chromosomes are activated with a circadian rhythmicity, indicating that high-order chromosome structure might impact circadian rhythmicity. Interestingly, night time points were clustered in one group, while day time points were separated into two groups, morning and afternoon, demonstrating that morning and afternoon are representative of different environments for soybean growth and development. However, no genes were consistently differentially expressed over different time-points, indicating that it is necessary to perform a circadian rhythmicity analysis to more thoroughly dissect the function of a gene. Moreover, the analysis of the circadian rhythmicity of the GmFT family showed that GmELF3a might phase- and amplitude-modulate the GmFT family to regulate the juvenility and maturity traits of soybean. Conclusions These results and the resultant RNA-seq data should be helpful in understanding the soybean circadian clock and elucidating the connection between the circadian clock and soybean maturity.

scholarly journals Comparative approaches to the study of physiology: Drosophila as a physiological tool

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. R177-R188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi S. Neckameyer ◽  
Kathryn J. Argue
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Model System ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Developmental Signaling ◽  
Shed Light

Numerous studies have detailed the extensive conservation of developmental signaling pathways between the model system, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian models, but researchers have also profited from the unique and highly tractable genetic tools available in this system to address critical questions in physiology. In this review, we have described contributions that Drosophila researchers have made to mathematical dynamics of pattern formation, cardiac pathologies, the way in which pain circuits are integrated to elicit responses from sensation, as well as the ways in which gene expression can modulate diverse behaviors and shed light on human cognitive disorders. The broad and diverse array of contributions from Drosophila underscore its translational relevance to modeling human disease.

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