scholarly journals Conflict across representational gaps: Threats to and opportunities for improved communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (16) ◽  
pp. 7642-7649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cronin ◽  
Laurie R. Weingart
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
By Products

Often, the senders and receivers of scientific communication have different knowledge bases. While such communication is essential for solving the complex social and technological problems that affect multiple stakeholders, a diversity of knowledge among communicators can create representational gaps (rGaps). rGaps occur when senders make assumptions that receivers do not, creating conflict over the meaning and value of the information communicated. Such conflict could, if managed, promote learning and innovation as communicators reconcile their assumptions. More often, however, rGaps cause conflict to transform from a debate that informs to an argument that divides. Managing rGap conflict so that it does not degrade communication requires relationship building to mitigate the negative by-products of persistent conflict while maintaining appropriate levels of cognitive distinctiveness among diverse stakeholders. Thus, we provide a framework for identifying and leveraging rGaps through managed conflict so that communication between those with different perspectives builds rather than burns bridges.

scholarly journals Business Diplomacy Strategies and Instruments: Biotechnology Companies Promoting GMOs in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-482
Author(s):  
Yadira Ixchel Martínez Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Research Centres

Summary Business diplomacy emphasizes engagement with stakeholders to shape the environment to favour business interests. This article recognizes that multinational corporations (MNCs) play a relevant role in the international arena, dealing with governments and other non-state actors by means of business diplomacy. Biotechnology companies, in particular, bargain with government representatives for commercialization, deregulation or intellectual property enforcement. In order to advance their economic and business goals, biotechnology companies have implemented reactive, proactive and relationship-building strategies and instruments. These MNCs have applied reactive instruments to respond to evolving problems and proactive instruments to address more complex issues. MNCs have also employed long-term relationship-building instruments, such as awards and research centres, to establish stronger relationships with multiple stakeholders. This article contributes to the discussion of what business diplomacy is and presents an analysis of strategies and instruments that is scarce in the business diplomacy literature.

scholarly journals DIGITAL HUMANITARIAN PROJECT AS A COMPONENT OF DIGITAL HUMANITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Любов Дубровіна ◽  
Катерина Лобузіна ◽  
Олексій Онищенко ◽  
Геннадій Боряк
Keyword(s):  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Research Product ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Engineering Sciences

Introduction. Digitalization and innovative sphere of scholarly research, "digital humanities", integrates the methodological apparatus and develops the potential of the humanities and engineering sciences under the condition of their effective interaction. One of the elements of the infrastructure of the digital humanities is research projects to create resources and databases of humanities knowledge. Problem Statement. Defining the concept of digital humanitarian project and its features is important for the development of interdisciplinary methodology of humanities and information technology. Purpose. The purpose is to substantiate the properties of Digital Humanitarian Project (DHP) as innovative research product, which is important in modern scientific communication and should be an officially recognized type of scholarly research electronic publication. Materials and Methods. Methods for historiographical and structural analysis and synthesis of DHP research concepts and completion of humanitarian digital projects at the NAS of Ukraine, and several other methods have been used. Results. For the first time the research has summarized the concept of DHP as interdisciplinary research product based on the analysis of modern concepts of digital humanities. Conclusions. The digital humanitarian project as a component of the digital humanities is an innovative research result and a type of scholarly research publication. The specific criteria are as follows: intellectual and innovative contribution of the interdisciplinary team to the development of scientific knowledge; importance for the development of educational and research infrastructure; influence on other DHP. The new model of scientific communication provides for the introduction and improvement of digital technologies in the processes of research and procedures for obtaining, processing, publishing, managing, and using scientific data, forming relevant humanities knowledge bases using achievements of socio-humanities, library and information activities etc. The criterion of new knowledge is not only a new content, but also new means of organization, classification, and interaction with this content.

Establishing and promoting an institutional repository and research information management system

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Darren Sweeper ◽  
Karen Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Institutional Repository ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scholarly Output

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to share the experiences and to highlight lessons learned from the establishment of the institutional repository (IR) while collaborating in a state-wide initiative to showcase the scholarly output of New Jersey researchers. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss how they used the case study method to collaborate with multiple stakeholders from across their university to establish an IR to support the University’s vision plan. Findings The authors found through strong relationship building and consistent outreach that they could launch a successful IR while enhancing the scholarly profile of their university faculty. Originality/value The authors contend that they have not exceeded the up to 20% overlap is okay according to Emerald’s originality policy.

Private Think Tanks and Public–Private Partnerships in Chinese Public Diplomacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Xuefei Chen ◽  
Elizabeth C. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Card ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Chinese Public

Summary This article examines private think tanks as instruments of public diplomacy in China. It analyses relationship-building in three cases of a hybrid form of public diplomacy that combines government agencies and non-state actors and involves multiple stakeholders, both domestic and transnational. Emphasis is upon the actors in China that initiated the projects and developed the networks for each initiative, but the building of the projects’ transnational relationships is also considered. The cases involve three top-ranking Chinese private think tanks: the Charhar Institute’s City Diplomacy projects; the Center for China and Globalization’s Green Card initiative; and the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies’ Think 20 Transnational Network. The analysis demonstrates how and why the public-private partnerships in each case produced shared positive outcomes with synergistic results and advanced China’s public diplomacy objectives. The cases illustrate the advantages of a hybrid form of non-state public diplomacy that combines state and non-state actors.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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