Energetic scaling in microbial growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (47) ◽  
pp. e2107668118
Author(s):  
Salvatore Calabrese ◽  
Arjun Chakrawal ◽  
Stefano Manzoni ◽  
Philippe Van Cappellen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Central Result ◽  
Reaction Stoichiometry

Microbial growth is a clear example of organization and structure arising in nonequilibrium conditions. Due to the complexity of the microbial metabolic network, elucidating the fundamental principles governing microbial growth remains a challenge. Here, we present a systematic analysis of microbial growth thermodynamics, leveraging an extensive dataset on energy-limited monoculture growth. A consistent thermodynamic framework based on reaction stoichiometry allows us to quantify how much of the available energy microbes can efficiently convert into new biomass while dissipating the remaining energy into the environment and producing entropy. We show that dissipation mechanisms can be linked to the electron donor uptake rate, a fact leading to the central result that the thermodynamic efficiency is related to the electron donor uptake rate by the scaling law η∝μED−1/2 and to the growth yield by η∝Y4/5. These findings allow us to rederive the Pirt equation from a thermodynamic perspective, providing a means to compute its coefficients, as well as a deeper understanding of the relationship between growth rate and yield. Our results provide rather general insights into the relation between mass and energy conversion in microbial growth with potentially wide application, especially in ecology and biotechnology.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics of Microbial Growth Coupled to Metabolism of Glucose, Ethanol, Short-Chain Organic Acids, and Hydrogen

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1907-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric E. Roden ◽  
Qusheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Redox Metabolism ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

ABSTRACTA literature compilation demonstrated a linear relationship between microbial growth yield and the free energy of aerobic and anaerobic (respiratory and/or fermentative) metabolism of glucose, ethanol, formate, acetate, lactate, propionate, butyrate, and H2. This relationship provides a means to estimate growth yields for modeling microbial redox metabolism in soil and sedimentary environments.

Can microbial growth yield be estimated using simple thermodynamic analogies to technical processes?

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs von Stockar ◽  
Vojislav Vojinović ◽  
Thomas Maskow ◽  
Jingsong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Growth Yield

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Efficiency of Water Vapor / Solid Chemical Sorption Heat Storage for Buildings: Theoretical Limits and Integration Considerations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Kuznik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Enthalpy ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Thermochemical Heat Storage ◽  
Sorption Heat

The theoretical limits of water sorbate based chemical sorption heat storage are investigated in this study. First, a classification of \textit{thermochemical heat storage} is proposed based on bonding typology. Then, thermodynamics of chemical solid/gas sorption is introduced. The analysis of the reaction enthalpy from the literature indicates that this value is only slightly varying for one mole of water. Using this observation, and with the help of thermodynamical considerations, it is possible to derive conclusions on energy efficiency of closed and open heat storage systems. Whatever the salt, the main results are 1) the energy required for evaporation of water is, at least, 65% of the available energy of reaction and 2) the maximum theoretical energy efficiency of the system is about 1.8.

scholarly journals Preferential Reduction of Fe(III) over Fumarate by Geobacter sulfurreducens

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (9) ◽  
pp. 2897-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Esteve-Núñez ◽  
Cinthia Núñez ◽  
Derek R. Lovley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Fumarate Reduction ◽  
Chemostat Cultures

ABSTRACT The presence of Fe(III), but not that of Fe(II), resulted in ca. 20-fold-lower levels of mRNA for fumarate reductase, inhibiting fumarate reduction and favoring utilization of fumarate as an electron donor in chemostat cultures of Geobacter sulfurreducens, despite the fact that growth yield with fumarate was 3-fold higher than with Fe(III).

scholarly journals Edge modes of gravity. Part III. Corner simplicity constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Freidel ◽  
Marc Geiller ◽  
Daniele Pranzetti
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Symmetry Algebra ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Area Element ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Bf Theory ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Tetrad Formulation ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Central Result

Abstract In the tetrad formulation of gravity, the so-called simplicity constraints play a central role. They appear in the Hamiltonian analysis of the theory, and in the Lagrangian path integral when constructing the gravity partition function from topological BF theory. We develop here a systematic analysis of the corner symplectic structure encoding the symmetry algebra of gravity, and perform a thorough analysis of the simplicity constraints. Starting from a precursor phase space with Poincaré and Heisenberg symmetry, we obtain the corner phase space of BF theory by imposing kinematical constraints. This amounts to fixing the Heisenberg frame with a choice of position and spin operators. The simplicity constraints then further reduce the Poincaré symmetry of the BF phase space to a Lorentz subalgebra. This picture provides a particle-like description of (quantum) geometry: the internal normal plays the role of the four-momentum, the Barbero-Immirzi parameter that of the mass, the flux that of a relativistic position, and the frame that of a spin harmonic oscillator. Moreover, we show that the corner area element corresponds to the Poincaré spin Casimir. We achieve this central result by properly splitting, in the continuum, the corner simplicity constraints into first and second class parts. We construct the complete set of Dirac observables, which includes the generators of the local $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{C}}\right) $$ sl 2 ℂ subalgebra of Poincaré, and the components of the tangential corner metric satisfying an $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(2,\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}\right) $$ sl 2 ℝ algebra. We then present a preliminary analysis of the covariant and continuous irreducible representations of the infinite-dimensional corner algebra. Moreover, as an alternative path to quantization, we also introduce a regularization of the corner algebra and interpret this discrete setting in terms of an extended notion of twisted geometries.

scholarly journals Laboratory evolution reveals a two-dimensional rate-yield tradeoff in microbial metabolism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuankai Cheng ◽  
Edward J. O’Brien ◽  
Douglas McCloskey ◽  
Jose Utrilla ◽  
Connor Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Glucose Uptake Rate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Multi Scale Modeling

Growth rate and yield are fundamental features of micro-bial growth. However, we lack a mechanistic and quantita-tive understanding of the rate-yield relationship. Studies pairing computational predictions with experiments have shown the importance of maintenance energy and proteome allocation in explaining rate-yield tradeoffs and overflow metabolism. Recently, adaptive evolution experiments ofEs-cherichia colireveal a phenotypic diversity beyond what has been explained using simple models of growth rate versus yield. Here, we identify a two-dimensional rate-yield trade-off in adaptedE. colistrains where the dimensions are (A) a tradeoff between growth rate and yield and (B) a tradeoff between substrate (glucose) uptake rate and growth yield. We employ a multi-scale modeling approach, combining a previously reported coarse-grained small-scale proteome allocation model with a fine-grained genome-scale model of metabolism and gene expression (ME-model), to develop a quantitative description of the full rate-yield relationship forE. coliK-12 MG1655. The multi-scale analysis resolves the complexity of ME-model which hindered its practical use in proteome complexity analysis, and provides a mecha-nistic explanation of the two-dimensional tradeoff. Further, the analysis identifies modifications to the P/O ratio and the flux allocation between glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway as potential mechanisms that enable the tradeoff between glucose uptake rate and growth yield. Thus, the rate-yield tradeoffs that govern microbial adaptation to new environments are more complex than previously reported, and they can be understood in mechanistic detail using a multi-scale modeling approach.

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