Increasing instability of a rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem

Climate change threatens to destabilize ecological communities, potentially moving them from persistently occupied “basins of attraction” to different states. Increasing variation in key ecological processes can signal impending state shifts in ecosystems. In a rocky intertidal meta-ecosystem consisting of three distinct regions spread across 260 km of the Oregon coast, we show that annually cleared sites are characterized by communities that exhibit signs of increasing destabilization (loss of resilience) over the past decade despite persistent community states. In all cases, recovery rates slowed and became more variable over time. The conditions underlying these shifts appear to be external to the system, with thermal disruptions (e.g., marine heat waves, El Niño–Southern Oscillation) and shifts in ocean currents (e.g., upwelling) being the likely proximate drivers. Although this iconic ecosystem has long appeared resistant to stress, the evidence suggests that subtle destabilization has occurred over at least the last decade.

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Terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem links on the Tibetan Plateau inferred from sedaDNA shotgun sequencing

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-14881 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sisi Liu ◽

Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring ◽

Luise Schulte ◽

Heike H. Zimmermann ◽

Steffen Mischke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Shotgun Sequencing ◽

Ice Age ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Submerged Plants ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Large Herbivores ◽

The Past

Climate change and associated species interactions are responsible for many vital mechanisms governing the dynamics of ecological communities. However, the long-term contribution of environmental conditions and species connections to community assembly remain mostly unknown. Here, we present changes of terrestrial and freshwater communities based on metagenomic shotgun data retrieved from lacustrine sediments of an alpine freshwater lake on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau (Hengduan Mountains) covering the past 15,100 thousand years (ka). Terrestrial assemblages between 15.1-14 ka are explained by the harsh environment and facilitative interactions due to diverse cushion plants, while the abundant ice-age algae (Nannochloropsis and N. limnnetica) indicate dominance of glacial meltwaters. A sharp decrease in alpine herbs (e.g Asteraceae, Carex and Poaceae) corresponded to competitive interactions with the colonization of woody plants (Salicaceae, Salix, Rhododendron and R. delavayi) since 14 ka, leading to a decline of large herbivores (Bovidae and Bos mutus) that predominated. Meanwhile, the disappearance of ice-age algae and the expansion of submerged plants (e.g., Potamogeton, P. perfoliatus, Myriophyllum, and M. spicatum) are consistent with an increase in temperature and a plentiful supply of nutrients due to weathering and soil erosion. The loss of submerged plants during the late Holocene (~3.6 ka) is probably related to environmental deterioration; however, it could also be related to the Cyanobacteria boom. Our study highlights that shotgun sequencing of lake sediments is an important tool for exploring ecological processes of communities in the past.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198782797.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Telesca Giuseppe

Keyword(s):

Structural Analysis ◽

Institutional Change ◽

Cultural Context ◽

The Past ◽

Final Goal ◽

Social Structural ◽

Country Analysis ◽

Cross Country ◽

Over Time

The ambition of this book is to combine different bodies of scholarship that in the past have been interested in (1) providing social/structural analysis of financial elites, (2) measuring their influence, or (3) exploring their degree of persistence/circulation. The final goal of the volume is to investigate the adjustment of financial elites to institutional change, and to assess financial elites’ contribution to institutional change. To reach this goal, the nine chapters of the book introduced here look at financial elites’ role in different European societies and markets over time, and provide historical comparisons and country and cross-country analysis of their adaptation and contribution to the transformation of the national and international regulatory/cultural context in the wake of a crisis or in a longer term perspective.

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Newman's Early Roman Catholic Legacy, 1845-1854

10.1093/oso/9780198802563.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. Michael Shea

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Catholic Church ◽

Roman Catholic ◽

Roman Catholic Church ◽

John Henry Newman ◽

Christian Doctrine ◽

European Continent ◽

The Past ◽

Immaculate Conception ◽

Over Time

For the past several decades, scholars have stressed that the genius of John Henry Newman remained underappreciated among his Roman Catholic contemporaries, and in order to find the true impact of his work, one must look to the century after his death. This book takes direct aim at that assumption. Examining a host of overlooked evidence from England and the European continent, Newman’s Early Legacy tracks letters, recorded conversations, and obscure and unpublished theological exchanges to show how Newman’s 1845 Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine influenced a cadre of Catholic teachers, writers, and Church authorities in nineteenth-century Rome. The book explores how these individuals then employed Newman’s theory of development to argue for the definability of the new dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary during the years preceding the doctrine’s promulgation in 1854. Through numerous twists and turns, the narrative traces how the theory of development became a factor in determining the very language that the Roman Catholic Church would use in referring to doctrinal change over time. In this way, Newman’s Early Legacy uncovers a key dimension of Newman’s significance in modern religious history.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198802648.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Downes ◽

Sally Holloway ◽

Sarah Randles

Keyword(s):

Material World ◽

The Past ◽

Over Time

This book is about the ways in which humans have been bound affectively to the material world in and over time; how they have made, commissioned, and used objects to facilitate their emotional lives; how they felt about their things; and the ways certain things from the past continue to make people feel today. The temporal and geographical focus of ...

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Anti-corruption in History

10.1093/oso/9780198809975.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Global Media ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Past ◽

Human Wellbeing ◽

Modern Period ◽

Legitimate Power ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scant Attention ◽

Over Time

Anticorruption in History is the first major collection of case studies on how past societies and polities, in and beyond Europe, defined legitimate power in terms of fighting corruption and designed specific mechanisms to pursue that agenda. It is a timely book: corruption is widely seen today as a major problem, undermining trust in government, financial institutions, economic efficiency, the principle of equality before the law and human wellbeing in general. Corruption, in short, is a major hurdle on the “path to Denmark”—a feted blueprint for stable and successful statebuilding. The resonance of this view explains why efforts to promote anticorruption policies have proliferated in recent years. But while the subjects of corruption and anticorruption have captured the attention of politicians, scholars, NGOs and the global media, scant attention has been paid to the link between corruption and the change of anticorruption policies over time and place. Such a historical approach could help explain major moments of change in the past as well as reasons for the success and failure of specific anticorruption policies and their relation to a country’s image (of itself or as construed from outside) as being more or less corrupt. It is precisely this scholarly lacuna that the present volume intends to begin to fill. A wide range of historical contexts are addressed, ranging from the ancient to the modern period, with specific insights for policy makers offered throughout.

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Preserving without conserving: Memoryscopes and historically burdened heritage

Adaptive Behavior ◽

10.1177/10597123211000833 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105971232110008

Author(s):

John Sutton

Keyword(s):

The Past ◽

Sensory Responses ◽

Over Time

Rather than conserving or ignoring historically burdened heritage, RAAAF intervene. Their responses are striking, sometimes dramatic or destructive. Prompted by Rietveld’s discussion of the Luftschloss project, I compare some other places with difficult pasts which engage our embodied and sensory responses, without such active redirection or disruption. Ross Gibson’s concept of a ‘memoryscope’ helps us identify distinct but complementary ways of focussing the forces of the past. Emotions and imaginings are transmitted over time in many forms. The past is not easily washed, blasted or sliced away. By considering other settings and modes of encounter, we can recognise and applaud the novelty of RAAAF’s interventions while urging further attention to the variable dynamics and rhythms of remembering and of sociomaterial residues.

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Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 315

Author(s):

Malte Schäfer ◽

Manuel Löwer

Keyword(s):

Success Factors ◽

Research Question ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Past Research ◽

The Past ◽

Review Articles ◽

Complete Life Cycle ◽

Review Of Reviews ◽

Research Questions ◽

Over Time

With the intent of summing up the past research on ecodesign and making it more accessible, we gather findings from 106 existing review articles in this field. Five research questions on terminology, evolution, barriers and success factors, methods and tools, and synergies, guide the clustering of the resulting 608 statements extracted from the reference. The quantitative analysis reveals that the number of review articles has been increasing over time. Furthermore, most statements originate from Europe, are published in journals, and address barriers and success factors. For the qualitative analysis, the findings are grouped according to the research question they address. We find that several names for similar concepts exist, with ecodesign being the most popular one. It has evolved from “end-of-pipe” pollution prevention to a more systemic concept, and addresses the complete life cycle. Barriers and success factors extend beyond the product development team to management, customers, policymakers, and educators. The number of ecodesign methods and tools available to address them is large, and more reviewing, testing, validation, and categorization of the existing ones is necessary. Synergies between ecodesign and other research disciplines exist in theory, but require implementation and testing in practice.

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Significant increase in quantity and quality of knee arthroplasty related research in KSSTA over the past 15 years

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy ◽

10.1007/s00167-021-06555-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Kirschbaum ◽

Thilo Kakzhad ◽

Fabian Granrath ◽

Andrzej Jasina ◽

Jakub Oronowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Special Topic ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Time Interval ◽

Search Term ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

The Past ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Over Time ◽

Number Of Authors

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate both publication and authorship characteristics in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy journal (KSSTA) regarding knee arthroplasty over the past 15 years. Methods PubMed was searched for articles published in KSSTA between January 1, 2006, and December 31st, 2020, utilising the search term ‘knee arthroplasty’. 1288 articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles were evaluated using the following criteria: type of article, type of study, main topic and special topic, use of patient-reported outcome scores, number of references and citations, level of evidence (LOE), number of authors, gender of the first author and continent of origin. Three time intervals were compared: 2006–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2020. Results Between 2016 and 2020, publications peaked at 670 articles (52%) compared with 465 (36%) published between 2011 and 2016 and 153 articles (12%) between 2006 and 2010. While percentage of reviews (2006–2010: 0% vs. 2011–2015: 5% vs. 2016–2020: 5%) and meta-analyses (1% vs. 6% vs. 5%) increased, fewer case reports were published (13% vs. 3% vs. 1%) (p < 0.001). Interest in navigation and computer-assisted surgery decreased, whereas interest in perioperative management, robotic and individualized surgery increased over time (p < 0.001). There was an increasing number of references [26 (2–73) vs. 30 (2–158) vs. 31 (1–143), p < 0.001] while number of citations decreased [30 (0–188) vs. 22 (0–264) vs. 6 (0–106), p < 0.001]. LOE showed no significant changes (p = 0.439). The number of authors increased between each time interval (p < 0.001), while the percentage of female authors was comparable between first and last interval (p = 0.252). Europe published significantly fewer articles over time (56% vs. 47% vs. 52%), whereas the number of articles from Asia increased (35% vs. 45% vs. 37%, p = 0.005). Conclusion Increasing interest in the field of knee arthroplasty-related surgery arose within the last 15 years in KSSTA. The investigated topics showed a significant trend towards the latest techniques at each time interval. With rising number of authors, the part of female first authors also increased—but not significantly. Furthermore, publishing characteristics showed an increasing number of publications from Asia and a slightly decreasing number in Europe. Level of evidence IV.

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Rethinking Non-Financial Reporting: A Blueprint for Structural Regulatory Changes

Accounting Economics and Law - A Convivium ◽

10.1515/ael-2020-0092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

David Monciardini ◽

Jukka Tapio Mähönen ◽

Georgina Tsagas

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Final Section ◽

Thematic Issue ◽

Revision Process ◽

The Past ◽

Regulatory Changes ◽

Collective Effort ◽

Key Points ◽

Structural Failures ◽

Over Time

AbstractThe article introduces the thematic issue of Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium dedicated to the regulation of non-financial reporting. It provides the reader with an overview of the varying approaches and frameworks that have emerged over time in relation to the reporting of non-financial information. In particular, the article focuses on the European Non-Financial Reporting Directive. We maintain that to date this latter initiative has failed to deliver on its intended objectives. In the context of the ongoing revision process of this initiative, the present paper outlines five key areas to be improved drawing on the lessons learnt from the past as well as from key points raised by the papers in the present thematic issue. What emerges from this collective effort is a renewed agenda that highlights some of the structural failures of the current reporting regime and a blueprint for future reforms. The final section summarises the various contributions of articles included in this thematic issue.

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Split-footed lacewings declined over time: indications from the morphological diversity of their antlion-like larvae

PalZ ◽

10.1007/s12542-021-00550-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gideon T. Haug ◽

Carolin Haug ◽

Serita van der Wal ◽

Patrick Müller ◽

Joachim T. Haug

Keyword(s):

Morphological Diversity ◽

Single Specimen ◽

Burmese Amber ◽

The Past ◽

The World ◽

Poor Group ◽

Outline Analysis ◽

Loss Of Diversity ◽

Over Time ◽

Antlion Larvae

AbstractNymphidae, the group of split-footed lacewings, is a rather species-poor group. Split-footed lacewings nowadays are restricted to Australasia, while fossil forms are also known from other areas of the world, indicating that the group was more species-rich and therefore likely diverse in the past. Split-footed lacewings have rather distinct larvae, roughly resembling antlion larvae, but differing from the latter especially with regard to the mandibles. Antlion larvae usually have three prominent teeth on each mandible, while at least extant larvae of split-footed lacewings only have a single prominent tooth per mandible. Fossils interpreted as larvae of split-footed lacewings are well known from amber from Myanmar (ca. 100 myr; Burmese amber) and by a single specimen from Baltic amber (about 40 myr). We here report additional fossil specimens from Myanmar amber, expanding the known record of fossil forms from six depicted specimens to 15. For the extant fauna, we could compile 25 larvae. We compare the diversity of shape of extant and fossil larvae through time using an outline analysis (based on elliptic Fourier transformation) of the head. The results of this analysis indicate that the morphological diversity, or disparity, of split-footed lacewing larvae was higher in the past than it is today. With this type of analysis, we can show a loss of diversity over time, without the necessity to identify the fossil larvae down to a narrow taxonomical range. A similar pattern has already been recognised in silky lacewings, Psychopsidae. This might indicate a general loss of diversity of lacewing larvae.

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