scholarly journals The Arabidopsis-accelerated cell death gene ACD2 encodes red chlorophyll catabolite reductase and suppresses the spread of disease symptoms

2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Mach ◽  
A. R. Castillo ◽  
R. Hoogstraten ◽  
J. T. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Cell Death Gene ◽  
Chlorophyll Catabolite

Overexpression of bcl-xLProtects Astrocytes from Glucose Deprivation and Is Associated with Higher Glutathione, Ferritin, and Iron Levels 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Xu ◽  
Iphigenia L. Koumenis ◽  
Jonathan L. Tilly ◽  
Rona G. Giffard
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Oxygen And Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Primary Astrocyte ◽  
Cell Death Gene ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Normal Brain Development

Background The possibility of altering outcome from ischemia-like injury by overexpressing the anti-cell death gene bcl-xL was studied. Cells are known to die by different pathways including apoptosis, or programmed cell death, and necrosis. The bcl-xL gene is a member of a family of apoptosis regulating genes and often displays the death-inhibiting properties of the prototype of this family, bcl-2. It is of special interest to study bcl-xL for possible brain protection, because, unlike bcl-2, it is important for normal brain development. Methods Overexpression of bcl-xL was achieved in primary astrocyte cultures using a retroviral vector. Cultures of astrocytes overexpressing bcl-xL or a control gene were injured by hydrogen peroxide, glucose deprivation, or combined oxygen and glucose deprivation. Outcome was assessed morphologically and by release of lactate dehydrogenase. We assessed antioxidant effects by measuring glutathione using monochlorobimane, ferritin by immunoblotting, the level of iron spectrophotometrically, and superoxide using iodonitrotetrazolium violet and dihydroethidium. Results Protection by bcl-xL was found against glucose deprivation and hydrogen peroxide exposure but not combined oxygen and glucose deprivation. Higher levels of superoxide were found, without increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Overexpression of bcl-xL was associated with elevated glutathione levels, elevated ferritin levels, and increased amounts of iron. The increased glutathione contributed to the protection from glucose deprivation. Conclusions Overexpression of bcl-xL protects astrocytes from oxidative injury with the same spectrum of protection seen previously for bcl-2. The increased antioxidant defense observed should be beneficial against both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. The effects on levels of ferritin and iron are novel and identify a new area of interest for this gene family. Whether this relates to the effects of these genes on mitochondrial function remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Early Symptom Development and Histological Changes Associated with Migration of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Seedling Tissues of Pinus thunbergii

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ichihara ◽  
K. Fukuda ◽  
K. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Early Symptom ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Resin Canals

In order to clarify the mechanism of pine wilt caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, nematode migration in tissues and disease symptoms in Pinus thunbergii seedlings were investigated. One-year-old seedlings were inoculated with different pathogenic isolates of PWN under two different temperatures. At an early stage of symptom development, a virulent isolate of PWN multiplied in both bark and xylem and was distributed in cortical resin canals, cortical tissue, and xylem resin canals at 30°C. Cell death and disease symptoms developed in both bark and xylem. The virulent isolate of PWN at 25°C and the avirulent isolate of PWN at 30°C were distributed mainly in cortical resin canals, but rarely in xylem resin canals and cortical tissue. Disease symptoms and cell death occurred in cortical resin canals and rarely occurred in other tissues. These results demonstrated that the virulent isolate of PWN at low temperature and avirulent nematodes could not easily migrate to xylem resin canals and cortical tissue. It was shown that cell death and early symptom development coincided with PWN migration and, therefore, PWN invasion induces cell death and early symptom development.

Cell death gene expression profile: Role of RIPK2 in dengue virus-mediated apoptosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atthapan Morchang ◽  
Umpa Yasamut ◽  
Janjuree Netsawang ◽  
Sansanee Noisakran ◽  
Wiyada Wongwiwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Cell Death Gene

scholarly journals A Cut/cohesin axis alters the chromatin landscape to facilitate neuroblast death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Arya ◽  
Seda Gyonjyan ◽  
Katherine Harding ◽  
Tatevik Sarkissian ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Chromatin Conformation ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cell Death Gene ◽  
Cell Death Genes

AbstractPrecise control of cell death in the nervous system is essential for development. Spatial and temporal factors activate the death of Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts) by controlling the transcription of multiple cell death genes through a shared enhancer, enh1. The activity of enh1 is controlled by abdominalA and Notch, but additional inputs are needed for proper specificity. Here we show that the Cut DNA binding protein is required for neuroblast death, acting downstream of enh1. In the nervous system, Cut promotes an open chromatin conformation in the cell death gene locus, allowing cell death gene expression in response to abdominalA. We demonstrate a temporal increase in global H3K27me3 levels in neuroblasts, which is enhanced by cut knockdown. Furthermore, cut regulates the expression of the cohesin subunit Stromalin in the nervous system. The cohesin components Stromalin and NippedB are required for neuroblast death, and knockdown of Stromalin increases repressive histone modifications in neuroblasts. Thus Cut and cohesin regulate apoptosis in the developing nervous system by altering the chromatin landscape.Summary statementCut regulates the programmed death of neural stem cells by altering cohesin levels and promoting a more open chromatin conformation to allow cell death gene expression.

scholarly journals Programmed cell death takes flight: genetic and genomic approaches to gene discovery in Drosophila

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gorski ◽  
M. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model System ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Cell Death Gene ◽  
Genetics And Genomics

Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential and wide-spread physiological process that results in the elimination of cells. Genes required to carry out this process have been identified, and many of these remain the subjects of intense investigation. Here, we describe PCD, its functions, and some of the consequences when it goes awry. We review PCD in the model system, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, with a particular emphasis on cell death gene discovery resulting from both genetics and genomics-based approaches.

scholarly journals Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death Leads to the Development of Bacterial Rot Caused by Pseudomonas cichorii

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Kiba ◽  
Yasutaka Sangawa ◽  
Kouhei Ohnishi ◽  
Nan Yao ◽  
Pyoyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Bacterial Rot ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis

Pseudomonas cichorii is the major causal agent of bacterial rot of lettuce. Collapse and browning symptoms were observed in lettuce leaf tissue from 15 to 24 h after inoculation (HAI) with P.cichorii; superoxide anion generation was detected at 1 to 6 HAI; and cell death was induced at 6 HAI, reaching a maximum at approximately 9 and 12 HAI. Heterochromatin condensation and DNA laddering also were observed within 3 HAI. Pharmacological studies showed that induction of cell death and DNA laddering was closely associated with de novo protein synthesis, protein kinase, intracellular reactive oxygen species, DNase, serine protease, and caspase III-like protease. Moreover, chemicals, which inhibited the induction of cell death and DNA laddering, also suppressed the development of disease symptoms. These results suggest that apoptotic cell death might be closely associated with the development of bacterial rot caused by P. cichorii.

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