Characterization of Natural Human Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain Protein 1 (Nod1) Ligands from Bacterial Culture Supernatant for Elucidation of Immune Modulators in the Environment

Abstract Pierce’s disease (PD) of grapevines is caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), a xylem-limited gamma-proteobacterium that is responsible for several economically important crop diseases. The occlusion of xylem elements and interference with water transport by Xf and its associated biofilm have been posited as the main cause of PD symptom development; however, Xf virulence mechanisms have not been described. Analysis of the Xf secretome revealed a putative lipase/esterase (LesA) that was abundantly secreted in bacterial culture supernatant and was characterized as a protein ortholog of the cell wall-degrading enzyme LipA of Xanthomonas strains. LesA was secreted by Xf and associated with a biofilm filamentous network. Additional proteomic analysis revealed its abundant presence in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Accumulation of LesA in leaf regions associated positively with PD symptoms and inversely with bacterial titer. The lipase/esterase also elicited a hypersensitive response in grapevine. Xf lesA mutants were significantly deficient for virulence when mechanically inoculated into grapevines. We propose that Xf pathogenesis is caused by LesA secretion mediated by OMV cargos and that its release and accumulation in leaf margins leads to early stages of observed PD symptoms.

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Cloning of two rainbow trout nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) splice variants and functional characterization of the NOD2 effector domains

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2010.09.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 118-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Mingxian Chang ◽

Tiehui Wang ◽

Pin Nie ◽

Jun Zou ◽

Christopher J. Secombes

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Nucleotide Binding ◽

Effector Domains ◽

Oligomerization Domain

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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 attenuates ER stress-induced cell death in vascular smooth muscle cells

BMB Reports ◽

10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.11.176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 665-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Min-Young Kwon ◽

Narae Hwang ◽

Seon-Jin Lee ◽

Su Wol Chung

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Er Stress ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Nucleotide Binding ◽

Domain Protein ◽

Oligomerization Domain

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Detection of mycobacterial small RNA in the bacterial culture supernatant and plasma of patients with active tuberculosis

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.165 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 503 (2) ◽

pp. 490-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yingmei Fu ◽

Wenjing Li ◽

Zheng Wu ◽

Yuanmeihui Tao ◽

Xinyang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Rna ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Active Tuberculosis ◽

Bacterial Culture Supernatant

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In Situ, Real-Time FT-IR/CIR/ATR Study of the Biocorrosion of Copper by Gum Arabic, Alginic Acid, Bacterial Culture Supernatant and Pseudomonas atlantica Exopolymer

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702894203921 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1062-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

John G. Jolley ◽

Gill G. Geesey ◽

Michael R. Hankins ◽

Randy B. Wright ◽

Paul L. Wichlacz

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Real Time ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Alginic Acid ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Bacterial Culture Supernatant ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Simulated Seawater

Thin films (2.0 nm) of copper on germanium internal reflection elements (IREs) were exposed to 10% gum arabic (aqueous solution), 2% alginic acid (aqueous solution), 1% bacterial culture supernatant (BCS, simulated seawater solution), and 0.5% Pseudomonas atlantica exopolymer (simulated seawater solution) and monitored in situ, real time, with the use of Fourier transform infrared/cylindrical internal reflection/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy as a function of time at ambient conditions. Ancillary graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the removal process of the copper thin film from the germanium IREs. Results indicate that some of the copper was removed from the Cu/Ge interface by all four polymers and incorporated into the polymer matrix. Thus, biocorrosion of copper was exhibited by the four polymers in the order of alginic acid < gum arabic < BCS > Pseudomonas atlantica exopolymer. The FT-IR/CIR/ATR technique can be successfully used to monitor biocorrosion systems in in situ, real-time settings.

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