Expressing and legitimating ‘actionable knowledge’ from within ‘the moment of acting’

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shotter

As living, embodied beings, communication begins in, and continues with, our living, spontaneous, expressive-responsive (gestural), bodily activities that occur in the meetings between ourselves and the others and othenesses around us. It is by our 1st-person expressions that we influence the actions of others — our tellings are much more important than our reportings . Thus, as I see it, abstract and general theories are of little help to us in the unique living of our unique lives together, either as ordinary people, as professional practitioners, or as action researchers. On the other hand, however, the specific words of others, uttered as ‘reminders’ at a timely moments within an ongoing practice, drawing out attention to unnoticed features of the practice, can be a crucial influence in developing and refining it further. In this paper I distinguish between two kinds of speech/writing: ‘withness (dialogic)’ -talk and ‘aboutness (monologic)’ -talk . Crucial in this distinction is our spontaneous, expressive, living, bodily responsiveness. While monological aboutness-talk is unresponsive to the activities of the others around us, dialogical withness-talk is not. In being spontaneously responsive both to the expressions of others, as well as our own, as I show in the paper, it engenders in us both unique anticipations as to what-next might happen along with, so to speak, ‘action-guiding advisories’ as to what-next we might do — a feature that is of central relevance for action research.

Author(s):  
Gönül Dönmez-Colin

THE FESTIVAL DES 3 CONTINENTS celebrated its 25th anniversary from 25 November to 2 December 2003 in the Atlantic city of Nantes in Western France with a wide choice of films from the continents of Asia, Africa and Latin America. From Argentine, Los Guantes Magicos (The Magic Gloves) by Martin Rejtman and Ana y Los Otros by Celina Murga and from Cuba Siete Dias, Siete Noches (Seven Days, Seven Nights) by Joel Cano represented Latin America where film production is not very vibrant for the moment. On the other hand, the Asian continent was in the forefront with a wide selection that included films even from Malaysia, Pakistan or Kazakhstan, countries that are not household names at film festivals.   Kazakh filmmaker Nariman Turabayev's first feature, Malen'kie ljudi (Ordinary People) followed the day to day existence of two young man from Almaty, the Russian Max and the Kazakh Beck, both of...


2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Vesna Trifunović

This paper is about the reconstruction of social presentations (picture, vision) of losers and winners of transition based on the products of the popular culture such as the domestic TV series. The given picture was considered in the context of the 1990s, when those TV series were filmed and aired (broadcast), which means that they are typical, primarily, for the period of the so-called first transition. The analysis meant the abstracting one of the dominant themes in both TV series which refers to a certain family of ordinary people, faced with the everyday problems of the time their time, and those problems being mainly existential ones. The identification of the messages about losers and winners of transition, which was being sent through these TV series, was later continued by establishing a formula based on which the mentioned theme (subject) was structured, and in the end completed by putting in connection the perceived oppostitions via semiotic square. The conceptualization of losers and winners of transition, which is the result of this paper, in no way implies that this vision of theirs is the only and the dominant one in this society. On the other hand, it certainly exists (existed) in the given moment and context and as such it came to surface through domestic TV series as the product of popular culture, through which often widespread and popular attitudes of a society are expressed.


1969 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Yüki Mukai

Japanese final particles (shüjoshi) are situated at a modus (modality) layer, which expresses the speaker’s subjective attitude regarding the dictum (proposition) such as his judgement, supposition, volition, emotion and order. The speaker uses the final particle yo to express an assertive attitude generally when he introduces new information to which he wants the addressee to pay attention. On the other hand, the speaker uses a final particle ne, expecting the addressee to agree with him or in order to make his utterance roundabout, introducing given/old information. However, the speaker’s choice of yo or ne depends not only on the informational structure of discourse, but also on the human relationship or on the strategy used by that speaker in the moment of his utterance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ria Anugrah Prasanti ◽  
Lasim Muzammil ◽  
Oktavia Widiastuti

This research describes the use of Conversation Diary as a strategy in increasing students’ English speaking skill and discovers the decreasing of students’ anxiety in performing English speaking. This research is done in Classroom Action Research (CAR) within 2 cycles. Each of the cycle is started by assessing classroom problems, and continues with planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Each cycle has four meetings to accomplish. The participants of this study were 30 students. They got Conversation Diary treatment during eight weeks. Test 1 and test 2 were conducted to get numerical data while interview, observation checklist, and questionnaire were used to get verbal data needed. The finding informed that cycle 1 failed. It was because most of students’ vocabulary and grammar understanding were still low, caused by length and frequency of time which was too short. On the other hand, from verbal information data, it is found that the students’ behaviour has changed. However, cycle 2 is still needed. Cycle 2 showed students’ behaviour were increased. The students’ score test 3 reached minimum score. In conclusion, this study proved that Conversation Diary could improve the students’ speaking skill better and help decreasing the students’ anxiety. With enough length of time, it would gain better result.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Lisiane Beatriz Fröhlich ◽  
Jonathan Iovane De Lemos

RESUMOO presente estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender em qual dos planos dos atos processuais – existência, validade ou eficácia – reside o defeito que acomete a sentença de mérito prolatada com a preterição do(s) litisconsorte(s) necessário(s) unitário(s). A partir dos resultados obtidos com a pesquisa, constatou-se que, para o alcance de uma conclusão satisfatória a seu respeito, é imprescindível a verificação do momento em que é alegada a preterição do(s) litisconsorte(s) necessário(s) unitário(s). Assim, concluiu-se que, na eventualidade de a alegação ocorrer anteriormente ao trânsito em julgado, o defeito estará situado no plano da validade, tratando-se de uma nulidade absoluta. Por outro lado, após o trânsito em julgado, o que remanesce é o vício no plano da eficácia. Dessa forma, observa-se que a atual legislação processual civil não é incorreta, mas incompleta e carente de precisão. Isso porque, apesar da superlativa importância da definição do momento em que se está analisando o vício, o Código de Processo Civil de 2015 é omisso com relação a esse aspecto, potencializando as dúvidas a respeito do tema. Por fim, verificou-se que, devido à gravidade do defeito que acomete essa sentença – oriunda, sobretudo, da ofensa aos princípios constitucionais –, é possível que qualquer interessado o alegue. Além disso, pelos mesmos motivos, as vias processuais admissíveis para combater esse vício são variadas, podendo ser manejada a ação rescisória, a impugnação ao cumprimento de sentença, a querela nullitatis insanabilis ou, ainda, qualquer outro meio idôneo e compatível com a situação concreta.Palavras-chave: Litisconsórcio necessário unitário. Sentença de mérito. Inexistência. Invalidade. Ineficácia. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study is to understand in which of the plans of procedural acts – existence, validity or efficacy – is situated the defect that affects the judgment of merit prolated with the pretermission of the necessary unitary collegitimate. From the results obtained with the research, it was verified that, in order to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion about it, it is essential to verify the moment when is alleged the omission of the necessary unitary collegitimate. Thus, it was concluded that, if the claim occurs before it is formed the res judicata, the defect is situated in the validity plan, being an absolute nullity. On the other hand, after the res judicata is formed, what remains is the inefficacy. Therefore, it was verified that the current civil procedural law is not incorrect, but incomplete and lacking precision. This is because, in spite of the superlative importance of defining which moment the defect is being analyzed, the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015 do not consider this aspect, potentializing doubts about the issue. Finally, it was discovered that, because of the severity of the defect that affects this veredict – originated, principally, from the offense to the constitutional principles – it is possible that any interested subject of the process can claim it. Besides that, for the same reasons, it is admitted the use of several procedural means to combat this decision, like the rescissory action, the enforcement’s impugnment of the judgment, the querela nullitatis insanabilis or any other suitable procedural means and compatible with the specific situation.Keywords: Necessary unitary joinder of parties. Judgment of merit. Inexistence. Invalidity. Inefficacy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4196-4200 ◽  

The line of business carried out by the pawnshop company is always experiencing growth. At the moment, it does not only provide facilities for lending money guaranteed by pawnshop but also includes other activities, one of which is a credit facility with fiduciary collateral. This fiduciary loan is intended to help Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to obtain financing easily and quickly. This fiduciary guarantee benefits the creditors, because it can provide confidence that the debt will be repaid by the debtor in accordance with the agreement. On the other hand the giver guarantees the benefits of getting financing and can still use collateral. However, the use of fiduciary guarantees at the pawnshop company raises problems in practice. Among other things, there are differences in the principle between pawning with fiduciary collateral and fiduciary collateral execution if the debtor defaults.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 161-169
Author(s):  
Antonius Alex Lesoma ◽  

Ethics is crucial for science. This article aims to outline the relationship between ethics and science. Science as a profession cannot be separated from ethics. Scientists require not only rigorous methods and procedures in their work but also ethics to guide them. They are demanded as experts in their fields and as good persons. Ordinary people (non-scientific society) trust reliable scientists who have good competence, skill and personality. Hence, integration of science and ethics bring up epistemic trust, on the one hand among scientists and on the other hand among scientists and non-scientific society. There are various kinds of ethics that can be a guide for the scientific work of scientists. However, in this article I offer Karol Wojtyła's personalist ethics based on the philosophy of being as a guide for science.


Author(s):  
Carolina Lacerda Medeiros

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> A literatura que discute a sintaxe do verbo nas línguas naturais em geral assume que as línguas V2 são aquelas em que o verbo flexionado ocupa a segunda posição na sentença, sendo a primeira posição ocupada por qualquer outro elemento. O alemão, assim como outras línguas germânicas, é caracterizado como uma língua de tipo V2. O inglês, por outro lado, não apresenta a ordenação de constituintes segundo a qual o verbo obrigatoriamente ocupa a segunda posição na sentença, tendo sido considerado uma língua V2 apenas em seu período arcaico. Este artigo procura fazer um breve estudo comparativo analisando a fala de duas crianças, uma adquirindo o alemão e uma adquirindo o inglês britânico, em diferentes momentos (1;9 até 3;3). Com base na tipologia de Vikner (1995) temos como objetivo verificar até que ponto as duas línguas se assemelham, no âmbito da sintaxe, e em que momento passam a se comportar como línguas distintas no que respeita à posição do verbo uma vez que, linearmente, o inglês apresenta o verbo em segunda posição nas sentenças simples. Como hipótese, temos que um ponto decisivo para a diferenciação das duas gramáticas seria a aquisição de encaixadas. Desse modo, a criança que adquire o alemão começaria a apresentar traços de uma gramática V2 a partir do momento em que adquire sentenças encaixadas, dado que, diferentemente do inglês, esta língua não apresenta verbo em segunda posição nas subordinadas. A criança adquirindo o inglês, por outro lado, mantém a ordem V2 linear nas encaixadas.  O <em>corpus </em>utilizado neste trabalho é oriundo da base CHILDES e pode ser acessado <em>online</em>. O quadro teórico se baseia na noção de Gramática de Chomsky (1985), convencionada como Língua-I, que remete à possibilidade de se gerarem estruturas linguísticas e não, por exemplo, a um certo inventário de estruturas. Tais possibilidades são limitadas pela Gramática Universal, parte das faculdades inatas do ser humano, que dispõe de princípios imutáveis e parâmetros que podem ser fixados diferentemente em gramáticas particulares, determinando, assim, os limites de variação entre essas gramáticas (Chomsky &amp; Lasnik 1993). Cada gramática particular, neste sentido, representa uma determinada parametrização dos princípios da Gramática Universal. A gramática do falante, na teoria gerativa, será, portanto, uma entidade individual: uma gramática particular internalizada na mente de cada indivíduo.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>The literature usually assumes that V2 languages are those in which the finite verb is on second position on the sentence, like it is in German. English, on the other hand, does not present the same linearization, so Vikner (1995) classified it as a residual V2-language. This paper aims to provide a comparative study analyzing the speech of two children, one acquiring German and the other acquiring European English, in different moments (1;9-3;3). Based on Vikner's typology, we try to verify how these two languages are syntactically alike and in which moment they begin to behave like different grammars, in what concern verb position, since, linearly, English also presents the verb in second position in matrix sentences. As a hypothesis, we believe that a crucial point in this differentiation would be the acquisition of subordinate sentences. In this sense, the child acquiring German would start presenting  V2 grammar traces on the moment s/he acquires subordinate sentences, since, unlike English, this grammar do not present V2 in subordinate structures. The child acquiring English, on the other hand, would maintain the V2 linearization on subordinate sentences. This work is based on the CHILDES corpus, which can be accessed online. The theoretic framework is based on Chomsky's (1985) notion of Grammar as I-Language, that refers to the possibility to generate language structures and not, for example, a certain inventory of structures. Those possibilities are limited by the Universal Grammar, part of human's innate faculties, that is formed by immutable principles and parameters that can be differently fixed by different particular grammars determining the limits of language variation between those grammars. In this sense, each particular grammar represents a different parametrization of the Universal Grammar's principles. Each speaker's grammar, in this sense, will be an individual entity: a particular grammar internalized in the individual's mind</em><em>.</em></p><p>Keywords: <em>Language Acquisition; V2; Comparative Syntax; Generative Grammar.</em></p><p> </p>


2017 ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Smaga

A digital communiqué operates with GUI not to depict, describe or structure the meanings but, above all, to transfer them. At the moment of clicking, that is, when a specific question is being asked by the user (customer), specific semiotically varied content is downloaded and displayed on the screen in accordance with the pre-designed, graphic template. Thus, graphical interface treats writing and image on the one hand as heterogeneous units – stored in databases, in a way that makes them quick and easy to find; on the other hand – heteronomous, that is, affecting each other at the level of presentation and manipulation of the message. Graphical edition skillfully combines the expectations of recipients concerning the access to the message: on the one hand – precise (along the lines of the language), on the other – economic, reducing (iconic), and it merges in this way two structures of reception, considered in our culture to be different. Pragmatic functionality of digital message is understood as accurate and synthetic mediation, which results in further analogous features from the level of semiotics and semantics, where the highlighted three planes of the communiqué circulate in the feedback loop.


1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
R. Sri Pathmanathan

Having been associated with a recent production of Euripides' Cyclops in the original Greek at Ibadan, I feel prompted to reply to Peter Arnott's charges against Euripides' adaptation of the well-known episode in Homer's Odyssey, ix. We know very little about the origin and nature of satyric drama, and it seems unfair to discuss the structure of the Cyclops on a priori grounds or to compare it with the form of Greek tragedy. We do not subject Old Comedy to this kind of treatment because we are aware in this case of the dissimilar elements which came together to produce the disjointed articulation that Old Comedy displays. It may well be that ‘the pattern of decline’ in the composition of the choruses and episodes noted by Arnott is not the result of hasty composition and overwork but is merely indicative of a looser structure allowed by the conventions of the satyr play. On the other hand, the intervention of the chorus in the Cyclops is always eminently dramatic— not too long-drawn-out or too brief—and gives a life and impetus to the play which modern audiences, unfamiliar with the choral tradition of Greek tragedy, miss in more regularly constructed plays. The ‘miserable couplet’ which serves as exodos is not unparalleled even in tragedy, although the iambics in place of the more usual anapaests are certainly unexpected. In general, the choral odes are admirably suited to the grotesque personalities of the satyrs; they include two haunting lyrics, lines 495–502 and 511–18 (unfortunately somewhat mutilated) which rank in rhythm and imagery with some of the best of Euripides, and at the moment of greatest tension, in the third and fourth stasima, are commendably brief and onomatopoeic.


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