Self-edition hypothesis

FORUM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Afrouz

Abstract ‘Self-editing’ refers to the practice of translators who edit their own earlier translations. Self-editions have been less investigated than retranslations. No attempt has been made so far to formulate a hypothesis concerning self-edition. Therefore, the present piece of research was conducted to fill the gap. The corpus of the study includes the modern Persian novella The Blind Owl written by Sadeq Hedayat (1903–1951) and translated (and self-edited) by Iraj Bashiri (in 1974, 2013 and 2016). The findings showed that self-edited versions appeared to be more target-oriented than their original translations. Therefore, although they appeared after the original translation, and could somehow be thought of as ‘retranslations’, they do not seem to confirm the Retranslation-Hypothesis (RH). The main principle of the tentative ‘Self-edition Hypothesis’ is contrary to that of the Retranslation-Hypothesis. It was also found that a self-edited translation is more ‘natural’, ‘accurate’, and ‘expanded’, but slightly less clear than its original translation. It should, however, be underscored that the reduction in clarity of self-edited versions was not so significant. Future researchers are encouraged to focus their study on ‘comparing strategies used by translators with those adopted by editors’ and ‘taking into account socio-cultural factors involved in the production of new editions’. Prospective researchers can test the hypothesis by concentrating on various language pairs and other text-types.

The article presents an analysis of the heading complex in the novel by I. Savych “Imaginary Interlocutor”. The author of the article analyses and classifies the headings of the novel: the general title and the titles of its eighteen chapters. The main principle of the classification is correlated with the traditional components of the text: thematic content, problems, plot, character system, details, time and space, etc. under analysis is also “the energy” of the headings: connection of the whole novel and its chapters with other works of Russian and foreign literature of different times. The other aspect of the analysis of the novel discussed is epigraph which functions in several coupling systems: with the novel context, with the text of the novel and its chapters, with different epigraphs. The author of the research considers communicative types and functions (informative and form-meaning ones) of epigraphs in literary interpretation. In O. Savych’s novel meaningful information of the epigraph is a prospective message concerning thematic, plot and conceptual moments of the book. Special attention is paid to the form-building function in the text. Types of the epigraphs in the novel are different according to the source. Epigraph, as an element of O. Savych’s text is multifunctional. Its main and universal function is dialogical: epigraph is one of ways to make a monologue dialogical, to present a different from the author’s point of view. Thus, the system of the author’s thought, their literary orientation are revealed. While the division of the novel into 18 chapters gives to the novel the character of completeness, enhances its inner unity, epigraphs outline the open character of the text borders. The analysis of the heading complex allows to make some conclusions about the nature of O. Savych’s book and its place in Russian literature of 1920 – 1930 years.


Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra

Abstract. Sati as an act of ritual suicide has been reported from the Indian subcontinent, especially among the Hindus, for several centuries. Although legally proscribed, these acts occur even now in modern India. The principle behind such acts has been put forward as the principle of good wife. There is little evidence to suggest that women who commit this act suffer from a formal mental illness. Cultural factors and gender role expectations play a significant role in the act and its consequences. Using recent examples, this paper illustrates the cultural factors, which may be seen as contributing to the act of suicide. Other factors embedded in the act also emphasize that not all suicides have underlying psychiatric disorders and clinicians must take social causation into account while preparing any prevention strategies.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.


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