Understanding sexual harassment judgments: Social, cognitive, and cultural factors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Wiener
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Aunur Rofiq

<p class="Bodytext20">The inhuman treatment of others, however, can not be tolerated. The acts of violence, sexual harassment, and injustice against women prevailing throughout the period are no longer compatible with human rights, and the demands of the development of the level of consciousness, the education that no longer recognize the gender limit, even the religion of Allah swt that is revealed for the freedom of human beings from the shackles of the fitrah. This paper deals with the treatment of violence against women by discussing it through various perspectives. Why violence against women can happen, what is the factor behind it? Many factors or motives behind the violence. Cultural, social, political, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious, and even gender biased factors can trigger violence. The efforts of women's liberation by Indonesian feminists, can be said to be very noble. Even so religious social and cultural factors need to be considered. However, the feminism of the West is a role model, not free from the content of sociological value, culture, ideology, philosophy born there. Thus it is not wise, if Indonesian feminism uses the paradigm, or ideology of Western femme in offering the best solution for women of the Eastern nations-especially Indonesia.</p><p class="Bodytext20"> </p><p class="Bodytext20">Perlakuan tidak manusiawi terhadap sesama, bagaimanapun tidak bisa dibiarkan. Tindak kekerasan, pelecehan seksual, dan ketidakadilan terhadap perempuan yang berlaku sepanjang kurun tidak lagi sesuai dengan HAM, dan tuntutan perkembangan tingkat kesadaran, pendidikan yang tidak lagi mengenal batas gender, bahkan agama Allah Swt yang diturunkan demi kebebasan manusia dari berbagai belenggu yang memasung fitrah. Tulisan ini mengangkat tentang perlakuan kekerasan pada perempuan dengan membahasnya melalui beragam perspektif. Mengapa kekerasan terhadap perempuan bisa terjadi, apa faktor di balik itu? Banyak faktor atau motif yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kekerasan. Faktor budaya, sosial, politik, ideologi, ras, etnis, agama, bahkan pandangan bias gender bisa menjadi pemicu timbulnya kekerasan. Upaya pembebasan perempuan yang dilakukan para feminis Indonesia, bisa dikatakan sangat mulia. Sungguhpun begitu faktor sosial budaya timur yang religius perlu dipertimbangkan. Bagaimanapun lahimya feminisme Barat yang menjadi panutan, tidak bebas dari muatan nilai sosiologis, budaya, ideologi, filsafat yang lahir di sana. Dengan demikian tidaklah bijak, jika feminisme Indonesia menggunakan paradigma, atau ideologi femnisme Barat dalam menawarkan solusi terbaik untuk perempuan bangsa-bangsa Timur-khususnya Indonesia.  </p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Pojwan M.A. ◽  
Osoki M.

This paper reviewed the perception of sexual harassment of employees in the work environment. It examined the nature of sexual harassment, its causes and its implication on the Nigerian worker. A review of related works of literature on the topic under study was done and the paper shows that workplace sexual harassment is a social problem that depends on gender, context and perceived ideology. It also buttressed that apart from the social and political factors that make women more vulnerable to sexual harassment than men, cultural factors play a prominent role. The researchers recommend among other things that psychological dynamics underlying the perception of sexual harassment should be examined critically by researchers, in order to be able to identify harassment that is just a figment of the perceiver’s imagination and actual sexual harassment. Also, victims of sexual harassment should be protected by stringent legislation to deter any harasser in the workplace, and there should be a forum for victims to report and voice out their grievances.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
Kimberly F. Frazier ◽  
Jessica Collier ◽  
Rachel Glade

Background The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of combining self-management strategies and a social thinking approach to address the social performance and executive function of an adolescent female with autism spectrum disorder. Method This research examined the effects of a social knowledge training program, “Think Social,” as well as strategies to improve higher order cognitive abilities. Results and Conclusion Although quantitative improvement was not found, several qualitative gains in behavior were noted for the participants of this study, suggesting a benefit from using structured environmental cues of self-management strategies, as well as improved social understanding through social cognitive training.


2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Ronja Weiblen ◽  
Melanie Jonas ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Ulrike M. Krämer

Abstract. Research on the neural mechanisms underlying Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) has mostly concentrated on abnormalities in basal ganglia circuits. Recent alternative accounts, however, focused more on social and affective aspects. Individuals with GTS show peculiarities in their social and affective domain, including echophenomena, coprolalia, and nonobscene socially inappropriate behavior. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical work done on the social symptoms of GTS. We discuss the role of different social cognitive and affective functions and associated brain networks, namely, the social-decision-making system, theory-of-mind functions, and the so-called “mirror-neuron” system. Although GTS affects social interactions in many ways, and although the syndrome includes aberrant social behavior, the underlying cognitive, affective, and neural processes remain to be investigated.


2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Georg Weber ◽  
Hans Jeppe Jeppesen

Abstract. Connecting the social cognitive approach of human agency by Bandura (1997) and activity theory by Leontiev (1978) , this paper proposes a new theoretical framework for analyzing and understanding employee participation in organizational decision-making. Focusing on the social cognitive concepts of self-reactiveness, self-reflectiveness, intentionality, and forethought, commonalities, complementarities, and differences between both theories are explained. Efficacy in agency is conceived as a cognitive foundation of work motivation, whereas the mediation of societal requirements and resources through practical activity is conceptualized as an ecological approach to motivation. Additionally, we discuss to which degree collective objectifications can be understood as material indicators of employees’ collective efficacy. By way of example, we explore whether an integrated application of concepts from both theories promotes a clearer understanding of mechanisms connected to the practice of employee participation.


2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Neber ◽  
Kurt A. Heller

Summary The German Pupils Academy (Deutsche Schüler-Akademie) is a summer-school program for highly gifted secondary-school students. Three types of program evaluation were conducted. Input evaluation confirmed the participants as intellectually highly gifted students who are intrinsically motivated and interested to attend the courses offered at the summer school. Process evaluation focused on the courses attended by the participants as the most important component of the program. Accordingly, the instructional approaches meet the needs of highly gifted students for self-regulated and discovery oriented learning. The product or impact evaluation was based on a multivariate social-cognitive framework. The findings indicate that the program contributes to promoting motivational and cognitive prerequisites for transforming giftedness into excellent performances. To some extent, the positive effects on students' self-efficacy and self-regulatory strategies are due to qualities of the learning environments established by the courses.


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