scholarly journals Problematising characteristicness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl Prentice ◽  
Jo Knight ◽  
Paul Rayson ◽  
Mahmoud El Haj ◽  
Nathan Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Expert Assessments

Abstract Keyness is a commonly used method in corpus linguistics and is assumed to identify key items that are characteristic of 1 corpus when compared to another. This paper puts this assumption to the test by comparing case study corpora in the fields of genetic, immunological and psychiatric biomedical association studies, using what we refer to as a ‘K-FLUX’ analysis to produce a set of key items. Experts from within these fields are asked to evaluate the extent to which identified key items are characteristic of their discipline. The paper concludes that less than 50% of the items identified by the method are rated as highly characteristic by experts and that this ranges between types of association study. Further, there is difficulty in reaching a consensus over what is deemed to be ‘characteristic’, thus posing a challenge to the ultimate aim of the keyness method. The paper demonstrates the value of supporting corpus linguistic studies with expert assessments to evaluate whether (and which) items can be said to be indicative of a particular field.

scholarly journals Book Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Yanwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Linguistic Methodology ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics

The significance of Patterson's work Understanding Metaphor Through Corpora: A Case Study of Metaphors in Nineteenth Century Writing is that only through corpus linguistics have we been able to apply real empirical evidence to our arguments of what metaphor is. By demonstrating that metaphor is supposed to be approached from a linguistic perspective along with a psycholinguistic one, Patterson succeeds in drawing readers' attention to the efficacy and the benefits of combining corpus linguistic methodology with the theory of lexical priming. Thus, the volume is an essential reader for students and researchers in corpus linguistics, metaphor studies, lexicography, semantics, and pragmatics.

Complementary perspectives on hedging behaviour in family discourse

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Family Discourse ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Illustrative Case Study

This paper argues that corpus linguistics offers a methodology which benefits variational pragmatic analysis in a number of ways. Corpus linguistic tools such as word frequency lists allow the researcher to construct a detailed “pragmatic profile” of a word, cluster or act. This, coupled with the fact that most corpora are constructed to be representative of a particular language variety, facilitates an accurate account of language-use differences across various social categories. Pragmatic analysis relies heavily on context for its interpretation. Therefore, an illustrative case study of two corpora representing spoken language recorded in the home environment, one from a middle class Irish family and one from a family from the Irish Traveller Community will be utilised in order to elucidate the benefits of the synergy of corpus linguistics and variational pragmatics. Specifically, the variational distribution of the occurrences of hedges across these two distinct cultural groupings will be examined.

Abstract 35: Transcriptome-wide Association Study of Circulating Lipid Levels

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H Chen ◽  
Claudia Schurmann ◽  
Marjolein J Peters ◽  
Liliane Pfeiffer ◽  
Katharina Schramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Pathway Gene

Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of DNA variants that are associated with circulating lipid levels. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) using whole blood derived RNA from 1,838 Framingham Heart Study participants using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. External replication was conducted in four separate population-based cohorts (SHIP-TREND, KORA F4, Rotterdam Study, InChianti) totaling 3,244 individuals assayed using the Illumina HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip array. Individuals taking lipid-lowering medications were excluded from analysis. Models were adjusted for age, sex, blood cell counts, and technical covariates (e.g., batch). Using a stringent transcriptome-wide FDR of 0.05 in both discovery and replication results, there were 119 significant transcript associations for TG; 57 for HDL-C; 1 for LDL-C; and 3 for TC. Expression levels of HDC and CPA3 genes were the two strongest associations with all 4 lipid traits in both discovery and replication cohorts. Known lipid pathway gene MYLIP was inversely associated with triglycerides (replication P=6.4x10-45) and directly associated with HDL-C levels (replication P =3.5x10-26). ABCA1 was also directly associated with triglyceride levels (replication P =9.4x10-50). In summary, through TWAS we identified many known and novel genes whose expression levels in whole blood were associated with circulating lipid levels. We believe that TWAS may serve as a useful method for identifying novel therapeutic targets. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the role that these genes may play in regulating circulating lipid levels or mediating the effect of lipids on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

Methodology and Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter will give insight to used methodology and analysis for interpretation of conducted in-depth interviews with language teachers in primary and secondary schools in Croatia. This research is a case study about perceptions, attitudes, emotions, knowledge, and suggestions about use and implementation of computer corpora in teaching language learning in primary and secondary schools. In-depth interviews were conducted with four teachers who explore their existing knowledge about corpus linguistics and computer corpora. The research is based on language teachers' thoughts and experiences of how computer corpora can be incorporated into the teaching process of language learning. Results are implications (e.g., advantages and obstacles) for inclusion of corpus-based teaching in primary and secondary schools.

scholarly journals In Search of Breast Cancer Culprits: Suspecting the Suspected and the Unsuspected

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 117822340800100
Author(s):  
Goberdhan P. Dimri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Breast Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Candidate Gene Association

I would like to welcome breast cancer research community to the first editorial of our newest journal “Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research”. In pursuit of breast cancer culprits, we have come a long way since the early 90's when the first breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 was mapped and cloned. In the past few years, several new loci associated with the various degree of breast cancer risk have been identified using “Candidate Gene Association Study (CGAS) and Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)” approaches. This editorial is meant to quickly glance over recent findings of these population-based association studies.

Using corpus linguistic techniques in (critical) discourse studies reduces but does not remove bias: Evidence from an Arabic corpus about refugees

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad S. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Discourse Studies

Abstract Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) investigates the relationship between language, power, and society. Corpus linguistics (CL) is the study of language based on examples of real life language use. Over the last two decades, various scholars have combined some approaches and notions of CDA with the analytical framework of CL to examine the representation of several phenomena in relatively large texts. This study follows a corpus-assisted (critical) discourse analysis approach to investigate a 2.5 million word corpus of Arabic news articles by Jordan’s News Agency (PETRA). It demonstrates how some researchers following this approach may make some decisions, at some stages of their analysis, which are likely to affect their findings. These potential decisions may include selecting what statistical measures to use, what threshold to consider, what terms from the frequency, cluster, and collocation results to further investigate, which concordance lines to include in their study, and some others. In this study, I argue that some of these decisions can be made to suit the researchers’ preconceived assumptions and pre-existing hypotheses. The study concludes that using corpus linguistic techniques to discursively analyze large data reduces but not completely removes researchers’ bias.

scholarly journals Children's literature parallel corpora: a hybrid experimental model to evaluate transfers of language complexity via linguistic transcoding

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Adja Balbino de Amorim Barbieri Durão ◽  
Paulo Roberto Kloeppel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Parallel Corpora ◽  
Language Complexity ◽  
The Secret Garden ◽  
Lexical Density

The article aims at proposing a hybrid model to evaluate language complexity of source and target texts written both in English and Portuguese so that one can analyse at what extent language complexity has been transferred from a text to its translation. In it, hybrid model points to paralleled approaches to lexical repetition, lexical diversity and lexical density, readability and word unusualness with the help of some Corpus Linguistics tools. It also stands for developing adjustments to Paul Nation’s word family lists and Gunning’s GFI formula so that they can be applied to Portuguese language. Aiming at checking the reliability of the model, the article also presents a case study based on contrastive investigations on “The Secret Garden” by Burnett and its translation into Portuguese “O Jardim Secreto” by Perota and Carvalho.

Corpus linguistics in language and sexuality studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Motschenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
American English ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sexuality Studies ◽  
Linguistic Methodology ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Queer Linguistics ◽  
Per Se

Abstract As an introduction to the special issue, this paper presents an overview of previous corpus linguistic work in the field of language and sexuality and discusses the compatibility of corpus linguistic methodology with queer linguistics as a central theoretical approach in language and sexuality studies. The discussion is structured around five prototypical aspects of corpus linguistics that may be deemed problematic from a poststructuralist, queer linguistic perspective: quantification and associated notions of objectivity, reliance on linguistic forms and formal presence, concentration on highly frequent features, reliance on categories, and highlighting of differences. It is argued that none of these aspects rules out an application of corpus linguistic techniques within queer theoretically informed linguistic work per se and that it is rather the way these techniques are employed that can be seen as more or less compatible with queer linguistics. To complement the theoretical discussion, a collocation analysis of sexual descriptive adjectives in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) is conducted in an attempt to address some of the issues raised. The concluding section makes suggestions for future research.

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