Property inference from heads to opaque-transparent compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Spalding ◽  
Christina L. Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Head Noun ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Generally True

Abstract We investigate how people extend properties from head nouns to compound words. Two conflicting principles seem to be important. Concepts license inference of properties: Knowing that birds fly allows an inference that songbirds fly. On the other hand, a subcategory term like songbirds is created only when that subcategory contrasts with the general category of birds. Participants rate the extent to which properties true of all, some, or no members of the head noun category are true of a subcategory denoted by an Opaque-Transparent compound. Both categorical inference and contrast affect these judgments: Properties true of the head are less true of the compound though still generally true, while those false of the head are more true of the compound, though still generally false. We discuss how modification effects with Opaque-Transparent compounds compare to both Transparent-Transparent compounds and novel combinations.

Mapping Policies to Web Rules

2011 ◽  
pp. 2175-2205
Author(s):  
Nima Kaviani ◽  
Dragan Gaševic ◽  
Marek Hatala
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Policy Languages ◽  
Autonomous Computing ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
Internal Code

Web rule languages have recently emerged to enable different parties with different business rules and policy languages to exchange their rules and policies. Describing the concepts of a domain through using vocabularies is another feature supported by Web rule languages. Combination of these two properties makes web rule languages appropriate mediums to make a hybrid representation of both context and rules of a policy-aware system. On the other hand, policies in the domain of autonomous computing are enablers to dynamically regulate the behaviour of a system without any need to interfere with the internal code of the system. Knowing that policies are also defined through rules and facts, Web rules and policy languages come to a point of agreement, where policies can be defined through using web rules. This chapter focuses on analyzing some of the most known policy languages (especially, KAoS policy language) and describes the mappings from the concepts for KAoS policy language to those of REWERSE Rule Markup Language (R2ML), one of the two proposals to Web rule languages.

Orthogonal Fractional Factorial Plans

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Mukerjee
Keyword(s):  
Broad Class ◽  
Existence Results ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Generally True

This paper shows that the criterion of proportional frequency for (unblocked) orthogonal fractional factorial plans, as suggested by some previous authors, is not generally true. On the other hand, the criterion of equal frequency has been established as a necessary and sufficient condition in the general case. Some other properties of orthogonal fractional factorial plans have been investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition for designs involving two or more blocks has also been presented. A broad class of non-existence results follow.

scholarly journals On the semantics of place/transition Petri nets

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MESEGUER ◽  
UGO MONTANARI ◽  
VLADIMIRO SASSONE
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Monoidal Categories ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Models Of Concurrency ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Algebraic Domains

Place/transition (PT) Petri nets are one of the most widely used models of concurrency. However, they still lack, in our view, a satisfactory semantics: on the one hand the ‘token game’ is too intensional, even in its more abstract interpretations in terms of nonsequential processes and monoidal categories; on the other hand, Winskel's basic unfolding construction, which provides a coreflection between nets and finitary prime algebraic domains, works only for safe nets. In this paper we extend Winskel's result to PT nets. We start with a rather general category PTNets of PT nets, we introduce a category DecOcc of decorated (nondeterministic) occurrence nets and we define adjunctions between PTNets and DecOcc and between DecOcc and Occ, the category of occurrence nets. The role of DecOcc is to provide natural unfoldings for PT nets, i.e., acyclic safe nets where a notion of family is used to relate multiple instances of the same place. The unfolding functor from PTNets to Occ reduces to Winskel's when restricted to safe nets. Moreover, the standard coreflection between Occ and Dom, the category of finitary prime algebraic domains, when composed with the unfolding functor above, determines a chain of adjunctions between PTNets and Dom.

scholarly journals Black Market – Financial Crimes Committed for Personal Purposes

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Jan Miłosz
Keyword(s):  
Black Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Game ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Financial Crimes ◽  
Centrally Planned Economy ◽  
The One ◽  
Unsatisfied Demand

Abstract In socialist Poland, in the reality of centrally planned economy, average citizens experienced chronic deficits of basic commodities. Although the intensity of the problem varied, at no time could one say that the official market fully satisfied the demand for basic or luxurious goods sought by citizens. On the one hand, the market was steered manually, prices were set and kept on the same level for many years, and the volume of production and its cost was centrally planned, but on the other hand, salaries in national companies were raised, which resulted in unsatisfied demand for the goods that the official market lacked. How, then, did average citizens deal with these problems? How, by committing more or less serious financial crimes, did they become players in the black market game, the stake of which was satisfying their own needs? This article attempts at describing the situation in this specific market in various periods of socialist Poland. It also tries to demonstrate which products were the most desirable and most often sold in the black market. Most citizens of socialist Poland, knowing that their behavior is against the law, limited their participation in the black market to purchasing or selling the most urgently needed products.

scholarly journals Compound Word in Harry Potter’s Novel “The Goblet of Fire”

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Putu Feby Chintya Dewi ◽  
I Nyoman Sedeng ◽  
Ketut Santi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Meaning

This study is aimed at analyzing types and meanings of the compound words in Harry Potter’s: Goblet of Fire. The data were taken using documentation method and note-taking technique. Qualitative method was applied to analyze the data. The theory that was used in identifying the types of compound words is the theory of compound proposed by Lieber (2009). The results showed that there are three types of compound words found in the Harry Potter’s Novel, they are; attributive compound, coordinative compound, and subordinative compound.  Based on the second problem, about the analysis of meaning, most of compound words has the general meaning or meaning just like in the dictionary, on the other hand a few compound words are constructed differently in Harry Potter’s novel.

Therapeutic semi-safe space in group analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Berman
Keyword(s):  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpersonal Environment

People come to group analysis knowing that the group is not completely safe. They choose to join an unknown, and in many respects unpredictable and challenging, interpersonal environment. ‘Semi-Safe space’ in group analysis is a co-created, basically safe and mutually accepted infrastructure, with the mutually recognized challenge of being and communicating in an unexpected and not fully protected environment. The group’s semi-safe space represents one of the main advantages of group psychotherapy if handled professionally. Group analysis is a potential space in which minds may be created and develop through mutual interaction, which is sometimes inevitably turbulent and experienced as unsafe. On the other hand, excessive ‘unsafety’ might destroy the boundaries of the psychotherapeutic domain and become harmful or even traumatic. It is the conductor’s crucial responsibility to create initial safety in the group. He can contribute to the participants’ sense of safety by exercising some authority in stating those boundaries and opposing any deviation from them. This contract is based on reciprocity and exchange: protecting the safety of one participant in the group is equivalent to protecting the safety of the others. Mutual risk-taking produces safety while its lack intensifies doubt and fear.

Spanish prepositions introducing adverbial constructions

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Peronard
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the development of prepositions used in the expression of circumstances as adverbial adjuncts in the speech of three Spanish-speaking middle-class children. The study begins with the first appearance of one of these prepositions and the children are followed until age 4. In spite of the differences among the children concerning other aspects of their language development, what predominates in the present case is similarity. Both the forms and the meanings expressed turned up in much the same sequence in the speech of the three children. Yet when both form and meaning were seen together the results showed great variability; that is, each child began expressing a given circumstance by means of a different preposition. On the other hand, the circumstance most commonly expressed by means of new prepositions was place. The amount of polysemy increased with age, usually starting with a single meaning for each preposition. Expressions were found which seemed to represent intermediate stages between an early general category (co-occurrence) and the more specific semantic categories of space, instrument and company.

The Evaluation of Carbon Blacks

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
D. F. Cranor ◽  
H. A. Braendle
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Laboratory Performance ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Strain Data

Abstract In conclusion, it is shown that the “Delta A function” provides an instrument for the classification of carbon blacks as regards their usefulness to the rubber compounder. It is an index of widely inclusive character and not only indicates performance at optimum concentration, but also the range of effectiveness. The writers have undertaken exposition of the special applications of this to the classification of carbon pigments, pointing out the precautions necessary for its accurate use. We believe it important to supplement the “Delta A function” with other stress-strain data, also with laboratory performance tests, and finally with service records, when it is necessary to differentiate between carbons of the same general category. On the other hand, we believe no study of carbons or other pigments is complete unless “Delta A” values are included. Acknowledgment is gratefully made for the valuable suggestions of W. B. Wiegand and also the cooperation of Binney & Smith Co., who supplied all of the carbon blacks investigated and gave permission to publish the data covered by this paper.

scholarly journals Gothic Opera in Britain and France: Genre, Nationalism, and Trans-Cultural Angst

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Long Hoeveler ◽  
Sarah Davies Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
First Category ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gothic Novels

Abstract Rescue operas developed along two somewhat different lines: “tyrant” operas and “humanitarian” operas within the general category of “opera semiseria,” or “opéra comique.” The first type corresponds to the conservative British “loyalty gothic,” with its focus on the trials and tribulations of the aristocracy, while the second type draws upon the Sentimental “virtue in distress” or “woman in jeopardy” genre, with its focus on middle class characters or women as the captured or besieged. The first category emphasized political injustice or abstract questions of law and embodied the threat of tyranny in an evil man who imprisons unjustly a noble character. Etienne Méhul’s Euphrosine and H.-M. Berton’s Les rigueurs du cloître (both 1790) are typical examples of the genre. “Humanitarian” operas, on the other hand, do not depict a tyrant, but instead portray an individual—usually a woman or a worthy bourgeois—who sacrifices everything in order to correct an injustice or to obtain some person’s freedom. Dalayrac’s Raoul, Sire de Créqui (1789) or Bouilly’s and Cherubini’s Les deux journées (1800) are examples, along with Sedaine’s pre-1789 works. But why, we might ask, were gothic dramas quickly transformed into gothic operas or what are known now as “rescue operas”? This essay examines the social and political ideologies that are explicit in the major gothic operatic adaptations of the most popular gothic novels of Britain, while at the same time examining British opera’s very close connections with French models as well as French adaptations of British cultural works.

scholarly journals The Politics of Law in the Madrid Protocol Ratification in the Form of President Regulation Related to Trademark Registration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 247-257
Author(s):  
Demson Tiopan ◽  
Shelly Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trademark Registration ◽  
Business Entities

The implementation of Madrid System in Indonesia since the 1st January in 2018 is expected to have a positive impact in terms of international trademark registration to allow and protect entrepreneurial entities, from individual, legal, and business entities to compete globally.On the other hand, trademark registration originated from Indonesia using the Madrid Protocol Systemto other countries is still considerably minimal compared to trademark registration from other countries to Indonesia. There are issues point out in this writing, specifically to describe the politics of law in the ratification of Protocol related to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Trademark Registration, 1989 and also obstacle adhere after the ratification of the Madrid Protocol in the registration of international trademarks in Indonesia. Result of this study is that the ratification of Protocol related to the Madrid Agreement regarding International Trademark Registration, 1989 conducted by Indonesian government through Republic of Indonesia Presidential Regulation No. 92 in 2017 regarding ratification of Protocol Related to the Madrid Agreement Regarding International Trademark Registration, 1989 contained in State Gazette No.212 in 2017 is already appropriate. However, judging from the timeframe of the Madrid Protocol’s formation was formed already since1989, the ratification in Indonesia is considered delayed, knowing that this ratification is very beneficial for protecting entrepreneurs to expand their business abroad. Obstacles revolve around the implementation of the Madrid Protocol system in Indonesia are due to several reasons; few of them are of lack of encouragement from the entrepreneurial entities to register their brand, thougherapplication conditions from some countries compared to in Indonesia, and unavailability of online platform to register international trademark.

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