Chapter 6. Binomial reversibility in the mental lexicon: Native and non-native speakers' judgments of degrees of reversibility

2014 ◽  
pp. 165-214
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon

The taboo topic in Kurdish language

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-455
Author(s):  
Bzhwen Yahya Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Descriptive Method

The research is entitled (The topic of taboo in Kurdish language), it is an attempt to find the topic of taboo in Kurdish native speakers' mental, in order the most taboo expression to be recognized generally. Consequently, to find taboo and its order in mind, mental lexicon has been applied, which is in relation to being individually or in group has its particular sort. The present research is to explore that information in mental lexicon, which relies on the data and instruments that are uncovered in syntax and morphology of contexts. The study uses analytical descriptive method to analyze the phenomenon and its principle. The instrument of the study is Kurdish language _ slemani Dialect. The findings of the study shoe that the taboos have their own domain and in mental lexicon orders are kept and on the same sorts are expressed.

scholarly journals Processing Mandarin Tone 3 Sandhi at the Morphosyntactic Interface: Reduplication and Lexical Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feier Gao ◽  
Siqi Lyu ◽  
Chien-Jer Charles Lin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Sentential Context ◽  
Low Tone ◽  
High Level ◽  
Morphosyntactic Interface ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
Mandarin Tone ◽  
Level Tone

Mandarin tone 3 sandhi is a phonological alternation in which the initial tone 3 (i.e., low tone) syllable changes to a tone 2 (i.e., rising tone) when followed by another tone 3. The present study used a cross-modal syllable-morpheme matching experiment to examine how native speakers process the sandhi sequences derived from verb reduplication and compounding, respectively. Embedded in a visually-presented sentential context, a disyllabic sequence containing a sandhi target was displayed simultaneously with a monosyllabic audio, either a tone 1 (i.e., high-level tone), tone 2 (i.e., rising tone) or tone 3 (i.e., low tone), and participants judged whether the audio syllable matched the visual morpheme. Results showed that the tone 3 sandhi was processed differently in the two constructions. The underlying tone and the surface tone were co-activated and competed with each other in sandhi compounds whereas predominant activation of the underlying tone, over the surface tone, was observed in reduplication. The processing of tone 3 sandhi offers support for distinctive morphological structures: a lexical compound is represented both as a whole-word unit and as a combination of two individual morphemes whereas a verb reduplication is represented and accessed as a monomorphemic unit in the mental lexicon.

Girl – lass or curl?

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 22.1-22.17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Elisabeth Norrby ◽  
Gisela Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Association Tests

One of the ways to investigate the mental lexicon is to use word association tests. Empirical studies comparing associations by children and adults have indicated a tendency for children to give syntagmatic responses, whereas adults give paradigmatic responses. In order to investigate lexical development in L2 acquisition of Swedish we collected data from two groups of students, one in MalmÖ, Sweden and one in Melbourne. Part of the Melbourne group also took the association test in their L1 six months later. Native speakers were used as a control group. The results demonstrate that learners in general tend to focus more on form than content compared to native speakers. This trend was particularly strong for the L2 group in Melbourne who also exhibited more variation in their responses compared to the L2 group in Sweden and the NS control group.

scholarly journals MORPHOSYNTAX IN THE BILINGUAL MENTAL LEXICON

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Krause ◽  
Sina Bosch ◽  
Harald Clahsen
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Lexical Priming ◽  
Nonnative Language ◽  
Late Bilinguals

Although morphosyntax has been identified as a major source of difficulty for adult (nonnative) language learners, most previous studies have examined a limited set of largely affix-based phenomena. Little is known about word-based morphosyntax in late bilinguals and of how morphosyntax is represented and processed in a nonnative speaker’s lexicon. To address these questions, we report results from two behavioral experiments investigating stem variants of strong verbs in German (which encode features such as tense, person, and number) in groups of advanced adult learners as well as native speakers of German. Although the late bilinguals were highly proficient in German, the results of a lexical priming experiment revealed clear native-nonnative differences. We argue that lexical representation and processing relies less on morphosyntactic information in a nonnative than in a native language.

scholarly journals The language / speech biography of the patient with aphasia as a factor determining the specific process of speech rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Kolmogorova ◽  
Svetlana A. Lyamzina ◽  
Ilya L. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Speech Rehabilitation ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Assessment

The article considers the relationship between the language / speech biography of the patient with aphasia and the process of his speech rehabilitation. This research project focuses on correlation between the patient’s language / speech biography and systemic connections of words in his mental lexicon. The relevance of the study consists in designing of recovery exercises adapted to the specific language / speech biography of patients with aphasic disorders. The research material includes: 1) statistical data on sociological characteristics of patients, gathered at the local Neurorehabilitation Center from 2014 to 2018; 2) 18 questionnaires filled in by the relatives of patients in question; 3) interviews with healthy Russian native speakers, whose socio-professional characteristics are similar to characteristics of one of the target groups of the patients; 4) a corpus of interview scripts processed with the program Sketch Engine; 5) 16 patients’ speech assessment sheets completed in accordance with the Wasserman scale (it designed to determine speech disorders of patients with a local cerebrovascular accident). The main results of this project are: 1) completing a sociolinguistic portrait of people at risk of aphasia with the similar language and speech biographies; 2) lists of most frequent words, collocations and automated verbal series (phrases and sayings) specific to people without speech pathologies; 3) identification of the language / speech biography features that affect mental lexicon; 4) exercises to speed up speech rehabilitation 5) their validation and assessment of effectiveness in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Partial word knowledge: Frontier words in the L2 mental lexicon

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-301
Author(s):  
Alla Zareva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Association Task ◽  
Associative Behavior ◽  
Partial Word ◽  
Knowledge Scale

Abstract The study set out to examine the partial word knowledge of native speakers, L2 advanced, and intermediate learners of English with regard to four word features from Richards' (1976) taxonomy of aspects describing what knowing a word entails. To capture partial familiarity, the participants completed in writing a test containing low and mid frequency content words, accompanied by a word knowledge scale. The analysis showed that there were three distinctive patterns of partially familiar vocabulary but their distribution across the three groups was quite different, which indicated that partial knowledge was linked to different word features across the three proficiency groups. It was also of interest to explore whether the participants maintained similar associative connections for their frontier words and whether a word association task would capture partial familiarity. Overall, participants' associative domains for frontier words did not reveal any consistent associative behavior that would distinguish between proficiency groups.

scholarly journals Girl – lass or curl?

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 22.1-22.17
Author(s):  
Catrin Elisabeth Norrby ◽  
Gisela Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Association Tests

One of the ways to investigate the mental lexicon is to use word association tests. Empirical studies comparing associations by children and adults have indicated a tendency for children to give syntagmatic responses, whereas adults give paradigmatic responses. In order to investigate lexical development in L2 acquisition of Swedish we collected data from two groups of students, one in MalmÖ, Sweden and one in Melbourne. Part of the Melbourne group also took the association test in their L1 six months later. Native speakers were used as a control group. The results demonstrate that learners in general tend to focus more on form than content compared to native speakers. This trend was particularly strong for the L2 group in Melbourne who also exhibited more variation in their responses compared to the L2 group in Sweden and the NS control group.

There is no such thing as a free combination: a usage-based study of specific construals in adverb–adjective combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRITT ERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

The study is aimed at revealing collocational adverb–adjective patterns in the British National Corpus (BNC). The adverbs selected for the study include the maximizers absolutely, completely, entirely, fully, perfectly, totally, utterly, wholly. The study involves searches on both the selected adverbs and the adjectives they modify in a bi-directional fashion. It is claimed that only a cognitive and usage-based approach in terms of underlying conceptual structures can provide an accurate description of collocational patterns. The results show that a large proportion of the adjectives have strong bonds with particular maximizers. This is explained through the basic conceptual structure of Boundedness/Scalarity, i.e. the degree to which the adjective lends itself to a bounded or a scalar construal and the adverb is biased towards a totality construal (which is the kind of construal to be expected from maximizers). The results support the hypothesis that a substantial part of the adverb–adjective combinations investigated are (semi)-prefabricated units, presumably easily accessed by native speakers because the combinations are the result of specific construals and their members have close associative and conceptual links in the mental lexicon.

The Mental Lexicon of Low-Proficiency Korean Heritage Learners

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Mary Shin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Heritage Learners ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Insight Into

Previous studies have examined word association behaviors of native speakers and non-native speakers, pointing out differences in the organization of their mental lexicon. This study investigates a relatively underexplored area in word association studies—the word association of heritage learners. The study compares word association behaviors of low-proficiency Korean heritage learners to those of native Korean speakers and non-heritage learners. Preliminary results indicate that heritage learners exhibit a great deal of variability in their word association patterns compared to native speakers and non-heritage learners. All three subject groups show an overall preference for meaning-based association over position-based association for nouns. However, in subcategories of meaning-based and position-based responses, the three groups show significant differences. Heritage learners tend, like native speakers, to produce more responses based on strong conceptual associations than non-heritage learners. Yet heritage learners, despite their larger vocabulary size and their exposure to the language in authentic socio-cultural contexts at home, show little difference from non-heritage learners in their weak collocation-based associations. This preliminary study provides insight into heritage learners’ mental lexicon in contrast to those of native speakers and non-heritage learners, and also discusses pedagogical implications for teaching vocabulary to heritage learners.

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