A methodology for Qur’anic lexical translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Y. Salama
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Lexical Item

Abstract The present study propounds a methodology for the translation of Qur’anic lexis in a way that synergizes semantic preference, discourse prosody, and para/intertextuality. Towards the validation of this methodology, the Qur’anic lexical item آيـة (āyah) is investigated at two levels: (a) the intertextual level of the semantic preferences emerging in the various co-texts of āyah inside the Qurʼan and (b) the paratextual level of the overall discourse prosody underlying these semantic preferences in the exegetical contexts of āyah. The research finds firstly that there are four semantic preferences associated with āyah, viz. cosmological phenomena, miraculous tokens, conclusive evidence, and divine revelations/communications. Second, the discourse prosody underlying the Qurʼanic usages of āyah is divine visibility, which motivates the word’s generic English translation as “sign.” Third, in rendering the lexical item آيـة (āyah) into English, the well-known Qur’an translators in the Qurʼanic Arabic Corpus have opted either for “sign,” to maintain the positive discourse prosody associated with the Qur’anic usages of the item, or “token,” “portent,” “miracle(s),” or “verse/revelations/communications,” with a view to observing the semantic preferences associated with them.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Red Pulp of the Spleen

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Sinus Wall ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Red Pulp

In spite of various attempts, conclusive evidence to explain blood passage in the splenic red pulp does not seem to have been presented. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations on the rabbit spleen, originally performed by us, revealed that the sinus was lined by a perforated lattice composed of longitudinally extended rod cells and transverse cytoplasmic processes, and that perforations in the lattice were continuous to the spaces among the stellate reticulum cells of the cord. In the present study the observation was extended to the dog and rat spleens, in which the cord is more developed than in the rabbit in order to clarify the possible differences in the fine structure of the sinus wall. An attempt was also made to examine the development and distribution of macrophage in the blood passage of the red pulp.Spleens were washed and fixed by perfusion with Ringer solution and then with buffered glutaraldehyde. Small tissue cubes were dehydrated with acetone, dried in air and heated with gold. Observations were made by a JEOL SEM Type-3. One air dried tissue cube was cut into small pieces and post fixed with buffered OsO4 for examination under the transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R. L. Reeder ◽  
S. H. Rogers ◽  
W. A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

Further Evidence that Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Mediates Platelet Spreading on Subendothelium

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (02) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey J Weiss ◽  
Vincet T Turitto ◽  
Hans R Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Vessel Segment ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Platelet Spreading

SummaryIn order to explore further the mechanism by which glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa promotes platelet vessel wall interaction, platelet adhesion to subendothelium was studied in an annular chamber in which subendothelium from rabbit aorta was exposed at a shear rate of 2,600 s−1 to blood from patients with thrombasthenia. Perfusions were conducted for each of 5 exposure times (1 ,2,3, 5 and 10 min), and the percent surface coverage of the vessel segment with platelets in the contact (C) and spread (S) stage was determined. Increased values of platelet contact (C) were obtained in thrombasthenia at all exposure times; this finding is consistent with a defect in platelet spreadirg, based on a previously described kinetic model of platelet attachment to subendothelium. According to this model of attachment, increased values of platelet contact (C) at a single exposure time may be indicative of either a defect in spreading (S) or initial contact (C), but multiple exposures will result in increased contact only for defects which are related to defectiye platelet spreading (s).The results obtained over a broad range of exposure times provide more conclusive evidence that GPIIb-IIIa mediates platelet spreading than those previously obtained at single exposure times.

A famine in Surat in 1631 and Dodos on Mauritius: a long lost manuscript rediscovered

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Winters ◽  
J. P. Hume ◽  
M. Leenstra
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into

In 1887 Dutch archivist A. J. Servaas van Rooijen published a transcript of a hand-written copy of an anonymous missive or letter, dated 1631, about a horrific famine and epidemic in Surat, India, and also an important description of the fauna of Mauritius. The missive may have been written by a lawyer acting on behalf of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It not only gives details about the famine, but also provides a unique insight into the status of endemic and introduced Mauritius species, at a time when the island was mostly uninhabited and used only as a replenishment station by visiting ships. Reports from this period are very rare. Unfortunately, Servaas van Rooijen failed to mention the location of the missive, so its whereabouts remained unknown; as a result, it has only been available as a secondary source. Our recent rediscovery of the original hand-written copy provides details about the events that took place in Surat and Mauritius in 1631–1632. A full English translation of the missive is appended.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

Sūrat Maryam (Q. 19): Lexicon, Lexical Echoes, English Translation

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawkat M. Toorawa
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Interfaith Community ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Q. 19 (Sūrat Maryam) – an end-rhyming, and, by general consensus, middle to late Meccan sura of 98 (or 99) verses – has been the subject of considerable exegetical and scholarly attention. Besides commentary, naturally, in every tafsīr of the Qur'an, Sura 19 has also benefited from separate, individual treatment. It has been the object of special attention by modern Western scholars, in particular those of comparative religion and of Christianity, whose attention has centred largely on the virtue and piety of Mary, on the miraculous nature of the birth of Jesus, on Jesus' ministry, and on how Jesus' time on Earth came to an end. In addition, Sura 19 is a favourite of the interfaith community. Given this sustained and multivectored scrutiny, it is remarkable how little analysis has been devoted to its lexicon. This article is a contribution to the study of the lexicon of this sura, with a particular emphasis on three features: rhyming end words, hapaxes, and repeating words and roots, some of which occur in this sura alone.

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