The implications of Cognitive Load Theory and exposure to subtitles in English Foreign Language (EFL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Daniela Frumuselu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Language Classroom

Abstract The pedagogical use of subtitled and captioned material in the foreign language classroom is upheld by various theories which reveal the cognitive processing activated when students are exposed to multimedia and subtitled audiovisual materials. The three theories that will be considered here are Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) and Cognitive Affective Theory of Learning with Media (CATLM). The main purpose of the paper is to illustrate the internal mechanisms triggered in learners when various sensorial channels (visual, auditory and textual) coincide simultaneously on screen and how this may affect their cognitive engagement and motivation while learning a foreign language. Additionally, two empirical studies will be presented in the second part of the article in order to provide evidence of the benefits of using subtitled audiovisual materials in the English Foreign Language (EFL) classroom in higher education. The results show that both interlingual (L1) and intralingual (L2) subtitles prove to have a facilitating role in informal and colloquial language learning in this context.

scholarly journals Cognitive Load Theory: An Empirical Study of Anxiety and Task Performance in Language Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Jung Chen ◽  
Chi-Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Subjective Rating Scale ◽  
And Task

Introducción. Este estudio explora la relación entre tres variables: carga cognitiva, ansiedad hacia el idioma extranjero (IE) y, rendimiento en las tareas. La carga cognitiva hace referencia a la carga que lleva la memoria de trabajo mientras se realiza una tarea en específico. Los autores mantienen la hipótesis de que la ansiedad resta recursos a la memoria de trabajo, dejando reducida capacidad para las actividades cognitivas, e impidiendo así la eficacia.Método. Los participantes fueron 88 estudiantes matriculados en carreras de cuatro años en una universidad técnica de Taiwán. Estudiantes de filología inglesa fueron excluidos. La Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale [Escala de ansiedad en el aula de idioma extranjero] se utilizó para evaluar sus niveles de ansiedad; la Cognitive Load Subjective Rating Scale [Escala para el baremo subjetivo de la carga cognitiva] se utilizó para medir la carga cognitiva mientras realizaban una tarea de comprensión oral en inglés.Resultados. Los estudiantes con mayor ansiedad hacia el idioma extranjero también incurrían en una mayor carga cognitiva. La ansiedad hacia el IE y la carga cognitiva presentaban una correlación negativa con la comprensión oral.Discusión. Los aprendices que sufren más ansiedad incurren en una mayor carga cognitiva y consiguen peores resultados en sus exámenes. Para favorecer la eficacia del aprendizaje, se recomienda a los docentes que identifiquen las situaciones que provoquen ansiedad y que creen un ambiente de apoyo en el aprendizaje, lo que permitiría que los aprendices dedicasen los recursos de la memoria de trabajo totalmente a las tareas de aprendizaje.

Understanding Cognitive Processes in Educational Hypermedia

2006 ◽  
pp. 648-651
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Boechler
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Instructional Design ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Educational Hypermedia

Cognitive load theory (CLT) is currently the most prominent cognitive theory pertaining to instructional design and is referred to in numerous empirical articles in the educational literature (for example, Brünken, Plass, & Leutner, 2003; Chandler & Sweller, 1991; Paas, Tuovinen, Tabbers, & Van Gerven, 2003; Sweller, van Merri¸nboer, & Paas, 1998). CLT was developed to assist educators in designing optimal presentations of information to encourage learning. CLT has also been extended and applied to the design of educational hypermedia and multimedia (Mayer & Moreno, 2003). The theory is built around the idea that the human cognitive architecture has inherent limitations related to capacity, in particular, the limitations of human working memory. As Sweller et al. (pp. 252-253) state: The implications of working memory limitations on instructional design cannot be overstated. All conscious cognitive activity learners engage in occurs in a structure whose limitations seem to preclude all but the most basic processes. Anything beyond the simplest cognitive activities appear to overwhelm working memory. Prima facie, any instructional design that flouts or merely ignores working memory limitations inevitably is deficient. It is this factor that provides a central claim to cognitive load theory. In order to understand the full implications of cognitive load theory, an overview of the human memory system is necessary.

scholarly journals Cognitive Load Theory and its Relation to Instructional Design: Perspectives of Some Algerian University Teachers of English

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Houichi Asma ◽  
Sarnou Dallel
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
English Language Teachers

Cognitive Load Theory is a theory that can be used by educators to design effective instructions. It has been applied in many areas, including teaching English as a foreign language as it contributes to positive outcomes. Before designing instructions, teachers should well understand the theory of Cognitive Load alongside human brain architecture. Sometimes students are taught more than they can learn due to their limited cognitive capacities which teachers do not consider. Students, therefore, often experience a cognitive overload which may lead to learning failure. So to what extent Algerian university teachers of English are aware of cognitive load theory? This research aims at exploring the perspectives of Algerian university teachers of English on the theory of cognitive load and its connection to instructional design. The study is expected to increase teachers' awareness of the importance of cognitive load theory in instructional design. 21 English language teachers from different universities of Algeria were enrolled in this query. A questionnaire was used to examine the respondents’ knowledge of the theory and their instructional design experiences. Even though the early expectation was that teachers are knowledgeable about the theory, the research findings showed that teachers lack sufficient knowledge of the theory; yet, they tend to work with some of its techniques when they design instructions.

scholarly journals Understanding Language Learning: Review of the Application of the Interaction Model in Foreign Language Contexts

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Quentin Dixon ◽  
Shuang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
English As Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Classroom

Purpose – This paper examined the application of the inputinteraction-output model in English-as-Foreign-Language (EFL) learning environments with four specific questions: (1) How do the three components function in the model? (2) Does interaction in the foreign language classroom seem to be effective for foreign language acquisition? (3) What factors might facilitate/impede interaction, which, in turn, positively or negatively affect output? (4) What are effective teaching methods to enhance interaction and ensure quality of output?   Methodology – A systematic search for empirical studies was conducted in the selected databases, which yielded 26 studies from different parts of the world. These studies met the preset criteria concerning medium of instruction, setting, relevancy and quality.   Findings – The review demonstrated that when input, interaction and output worked together, positive English le

scholarly journals Application of Cognitive Load Theory in Accounting Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seedwell T. M. Sithole
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Load Theory

The field of accounting education has recently adopted cognitive load theory (CLT), which originated in educational psychology. There are several empirical studies inspired by CLT which have demonstrated the practical implications of this theory. Although some articles have addressed the relationship of CLT and accounting education, none have considered the integration of the design principles and provide practical guidelines accounting educators may follow. Three techniques are described, by which educators may do so: (a) minimising instructional procedures that splits the attention of students, (b) tailoring instruction to levels of accounting students' expertise, and (c) minimising problem-solving exercises and utilising more worked examples. A detailed examination of these 3 techniques indicates that they assist students’ understanding of accounting. These techniques are not applicable to all accounting learners but are more appropriate to accounting students learning a specific topic for the first time than to expert learners (e.g., final year students who have been introduced to the accounting topic). All 3 guidelines are based on the importance CLT places on the human cognitive architecture, particularly our knowledge of working and long-term memory, schema construction and automation, and the different types of cognitive load affecting the students to absorb and retain information.

The imagination effect when using textual or diagrammatic material to learn a second language

2020 ◽  
pp. 136216882097178
Author(s):  
Olga Ignatova ◽  
Slava Kalyuga ◽  
John Sweller
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intrinsic Cognitive Load ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Textual Material ◽  
Memory Resources

The imagination effect occurs when students learn better from imagining concepts and procedures rather than from studying them. Cognitive load theory explains the effect by better use of available working memory resources and increased productive, intrinsic cognitive load. The effect has been found in numerous empirical studies. However, in the majority of studies demonstrating the effect, visual/spatial information has been used: the type of information that is believed to be easy for imagining. The reported two experiments investigated if an imagination effect could be obtained using verbal information in the area of learning a second language. The results indicated that while textual material was expectedly more difficult for learning than diagrammatic material, asking learners to imagine textual material did improve performance. Cognitive load theory has been used as a theoretical framework to interpret the results.

Cognitive Load Theory

2009 ◽  
pp. 34-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava Kalyuga
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Instruction Theory ◽  
Learning And Instruction

Cognitive load theory is a learning and instruction theory that describes instructional design implications of human cognitive architecture outlined in the previous chapter. Based on these theoretically and empirically established instructional consequences (usually referred to as cognitive load effects or principles), the theory makes specific prescriptions on managing cognitive load in learning and instruction. The theory distinguishes several different types or sources of cognitive load (e.g., effective and ineffective load; intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load) that are associated with different instructional implications and cognitive load effects. This chapter analyzes cognitive load factors that could potentially influence efficiency of interactive multimedia applications (e.g., levels of element interactivity, spatial and temporal configurations of instructional presentations, redundant representational formats, levels of learner prior experience in a task domain). Basic assumptions of cognitive theory of multimedia learning are discussed. The chapter starts with the description of the sources of cognitive load followed by an overview of the major cognitive load effects.

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