Plant factories - closed plant production systems.

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Multilevel Systems ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Growing Environment

Abstract This chapter focuses on plant factories, which is an indoor, enclosed, crop cultivation system where the growing environment is precisely controlled to maximize production. Topics covered are the history and background of plant factories,advantages of plant factories, criticisms of plant factories, costs and returns of plant factories, domestic and other small-scale plant factories, crops produced including pharmaceuticals, vertical or multilevel systems, including moveable systems, crop nutrition in plant factories, plant factory environments, lighting, environmental control and plant quality in plant factories, and automation and robotization.

Plant factories - closed plant production systems.

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Multilevel Systems ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Growing Environment

Abstract This chapter focuses on plant factories, which is an indoor, enclosed, crop cultivation system where the growing environment is precisely controlled to maximize production. Topics covered are the history and background of plant factories,advantages of plant factories, criticisms of plant factories, costs and returns of plant factories, domestic and other small-scale plant factories, crops produced including pharmaceuticals, vertical or multilevel systems, including moveable systems, crop nutrition in plant factories, plant factory environments, lighting, environmental control and plant quality in plant factories, and automation and robotization.

Plant factories - closed plant production systems (CPPS).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

Abstract A plant factory is an indoor, enclosed, crop cultivation system where the growing environment is precisely controlled to maximise production. This control over all aspects of plant growth includes light, temperature, humidity, air movement, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nutrition. This is largely achieved through soilless (hydroponic) cultivation techniques. The term plant factory has previously included high intensity production systems such as greenhouses reliant on natural light only or natural light supplemented with horticultural lighting, as well as those utilising only artificial lighting. More recently, 'plant factory' has come to represent a CPPS (closed plant production system) or termed PFAL (plant factory with artificial lighting) where no natural sunlight is required. Plant factories may also be referred to as 'indoor vertical farms' or 'indoor vertical cropping' in the USA and other countries, based on the multi-level nature of the systems which aim to maximise growing space. With a high level of environmental control, plant factories can produce vegetables two to four times faster than by typical outdoor cultivation (Luna-Maldonao et al., 2016), and with the use of vertical systems, optimise yields per unit of floor area. In addition to higher levels of production, plant factories are becoming increasingly sustainable as less water, fertilizers, pesticides and labour are consumed during cultivation (Hu et al., 2014).

scholarly journals Research Centers for Intelligent Plant Production Systems in Japan (10) MIE Plant Factory

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru MASUDA ◽  
Masahide ISOZAKI ◽  
Ken SUZUKI ◽  
Nobuyuki KONISHI
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Plant Factory

scholarly journals The Design of a Mini Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting and Application of Environmental Conditions Control System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1834
Author(s):  
Ali Çaylı ◽  
Emir Hüseyin Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
And Control

Due to rapidly increasing population and urbanization, agricultural lands are shrinking. However, environmental problems and pollution are constantly increasing. This poses a threat to agricultural production and food access. In order to overcome these threats, the use of fully controlled indoor production systems called plant factory is becoming widespread. The management of plant nutrition and monitor of environmental conditions is very important for production in the plant factory. Plant production is sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, it is necessary to make accurate measurements in order to ensure the correct climatic conditions. The high cost of control systems designed for this purpose is a problem for producers. In this study, a mini plant factory prototype and control system are presented which is developed by using open source hardware and software. In addition, the temperature, relative humidity and light measured by the low-cost sensors were compared with the reference devices and the system performance and stability were investigated.

scholarly journals A Combination of Downward Lighting and Supplemental Upward Lighting Improves Plant Growth in a Closed Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Joshi ◽  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Shanqi Shen ◽  
Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana ◽  
Chihiro K.A. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Lettuce Yield

“Plant factory with artificial lighting” (PFAL) refers to a plant production facility that can achieve mass production of vegetables year round in a controlled environment. However, the high-density planting pattern in PFALs causes low light conditions in the lower canopy, leading to leaf senescence in the outer leaves and thus to reductions in plant yields. In the present study, the effect of supplemental upward lighting underneath the plants on photosynthetic characteristics and plant yield was examined in lettuce, in comparison with supplemental downward lighting from above the plants at the same light intensity. Supplemental upward lighting increased the curvature factor of the photosynthetic response to light from above the plants. Moreover, supplemental upward lighting significantly enhanced the lettuce yield by retarding the senescence of the outer leaves. Here, we propose a novel cultivation system with a combination of downward lighting and supplemental upward lighting that can effectively increase plant growth and yield in PFALs.

Use of information and communication technologies in small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-779
Author(s):  
Juan de Dios García-Villegas ◽  
Anastacio García-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán ◽  
Monica Elizama Ruiz-Torres ◽  
Adolfo Armando Rayas-Amor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Small Scale Dairy

AbstractThe objective of the study was to characterize small-scale dairy production systems to identify the technological preferences according to the farmer and farm characteristics and to analyze the importance and role of the information communication technologies (ICTs) in the dissemination of information related to management and livestock activities. To collect the data, a survey was applied to 170 small-scale dairy farmers from central Mexico. To characterize the farms, a factor analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed. To compare and identify differences between groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted. Four factors that explain 70.93% of the accumulated variance were identified; these factors explain the use of technology, production characteristics, social connections, and use of ICTs. The cluster analysis identified four groups. Group 1 was integrated by farmers with more experience and the largest farms. Group 2 had higher studies and use of ICTs. Group 3 was formed by young farmers but had a low use of technology. Group 4 contained older farmers with a low use of technology. The young farmers with higher studies have begun to incorporate ICTs into their daily activities on the farm, as observed in Group 2. Smartphones were the most used and were considered important by the farmers of the four groups, since they enable interaction with other farmers and the dissemination of topics of interest related with the farm. In conclusion, four group of farmers were differentiated; therefore, different extension approaches should be implemented to take into account the preferences and the technologies considered most important for each group. The ICTs are emerging technologies among small-scale dairy farmers to communicate information related to livestock management, mainly by young farmers with studies of secondary, as observed in Group 2.

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