Global forest products trade model.

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-141
Author(s):  
Prakash Nepal ◽  
Joseph Buongiorno ◽  
Craig M. T. Johnston ◽  
Jeffrey Prestemon ◽  
Jing-gang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract This chapter introduces the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM). The general model structure and the mathematical formulation of the GFPM are provided and key differences and similarities to the modeling approaches developed in the previous chapters are highlighted. The usefulness of the GFPM as a forest sector tool for policy analysis is illustrated by summarizing its applications in a wide array of past and ongoing studies. These studies are summarized under four representative groups: (i) forest sector outlook studies; (ii) studies evaluating the consequences of tariff and non-tariff barriers on the international trade of forest products; (iii) studies projecting the impacts of climate change and forest-based climate change mitigation strategies on forests and forest industries; and (iv) other studies dealing with other important questions, such as the effects of the rise in global planted forest area, illegal harvests, and invasive species. Some of the limitations of GFPM, ways to mitigate these limitations, and its overall usefulness as a forest sector policy analysis tool are also examined.

Global forest products trade model.

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-141
Author(s):  
Prakash Nepal ◽  
Joseph Buongiorno ◽  
Craig M. T. Johnston ◽  
Jeffrey Prestemon ◽  
Jing-gang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Change Mitigation

Abstract This chapter introduces the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM). The general model structure and the mathematical formulation of the GFPM are provided and key differences and similarities to the modeling approaches developed in the previous chapters are highlighted. The usefulness of the GFPM as a forest sector tool for policy analysis is illustrated by summarizing its applications in a wide array of past and ongoing studies. These studies are summarized under four representative groups: (i) forest sector outlook studies; (ii) studies evaluating the consequences of tariff and non-tariff barriers on the international trade of forest products; (iii) studies projecting the impacts of climate change and forest-based climate change mitigation strategies on forests and forest industries; and (iv) other studies dealing with other important questions, such as the effects of the rise in global planted forest area, illegal harvests, and invasive species. Some of the limitations of GFPM, ways to mitigate these limitations, and its overall usefulness as a forest sector policy analysis tool are also examined.

Cost of climate change mitigation in Canada’s forest sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony C. Lemprière ◽  
Emina Krcmar ◽  
Greg J. Rampley ◽  
Alison Beatch ◽  
Carolyn E. Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minimize Costs

Managing forests and forest products has substantial potential to help mitigate climate change but the cost has not been extensively examined in Canada. We estimated the cost of seven forest-related mitigation strategies in Canada’s 230 million hectares of managed forest, divided into 32 spatial units. For each strategy and spatial unit, we determined forest sector mitigation cost per tonne (t) using estimated impacts on forest sector greenhouse gas emissions and removals and net revenue. National cost curves showed that mitigation averaged 11.0 Mt CO2e·year–1 in 2015–2050 at costs below $50·t CO2e–1 for a strategy of increased recovery of harvested biomass, increased salvage, extraction of harvest residues for bioenergy, and increased production of longer lived products. We also examined national portfolios in which the strategy selected for each spatial unit (from among the seven examined) was chosen to maximize mitigation or minimize costs. At low levels of mitigation, portfolios chosen to minimize costs were much cheaper than those that maximized mitigation, but overall, they yielded less than half the total mitigation of the latter portfolios. Choosing strategies to maximize mitigation in 2015–2050 yielded an average of 16.5 Mt·year–1 at costs below $50·t CO2e–1. Our analysis suggests that forest-related strategies may be cost-effective choices to help achieve long-term emission reductions in Canada.

Projected US timber and primary forest product market impacts of climate change mitigation through timber set-asides

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Nepal ◽  
Peter J. Ince ◽  
Kenneth E. Skog ◽  
Sun J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Landowners ◽  
Change Mitigation

Whereas climate change mitigation involving payments to forest landowners for accumulating carbon on their land may increase carbon stored in forests, it will also affect timber supply and prices. This study estimated the effect on US timber and primary forest product markets of hypothetical timber set-aside scenarios where US forest landowners would be paid to forego timber harvests for 100 years to increase carbon storage on US timberland. The scenarios featured payments to landowners of $0 (business-as-usual (BAU)), $10, and $15 per each additional metric ton (t) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) sequestered on the set-aside timberlands, with maximum annual expenditures of $3 billion. For the set-aside scenarios, reduction in timberland available for harvest resulted in increased timber prices and changes in US domestic production, consumption, net export, and timber market welfare. Economic analyses indicated that the scenario with more area set aside and the largest carbon mitigation benefit (lower carbon price, $10/t CO2e) would result in the largest decrease in market welfare, suggesting that climate change mitigation policies and programs would need to consider such impacts when evaluating the costs and benefits of climate change mitigation strategies in the forest sector.

scholarly journals Promoting Renewable Energy to Cope with Climate Change—Policy Discourse in Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3170
Author(s):  
Avri Eitan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Change Mitigation

Evidence shows that global climate change is increasing over time, and requires the adoption of a variety of coping methods. As an alternative for conventional electricity systems, renewable energies are considered to be an important policy tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore, they play an important role in climate change mitigation strategies. Renewable energies, however, may also play a crucial role in climate change adaptation strategies because they can reduce the vulnerability of energy systems to extreme events. The paper examines whether policy-makers in Israel tend to focus on mitigation strategies or on adaptation strategies in renewable energy policy discourse. The results indicate that despite Israel’s minor impact on global greenhouse gas emissions, policy-makers focus more on promoting renewable energies as a climate change mitigation strategy rather than an adaptation strategy. These findings shed light on the important role of international influence—which tends to emphasize mitigation over adaptation—in motivating the domestic policy discourse on renewable energy as a coping method with climate change.

Gender, Forests and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Marcos Morezuelas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
Change Mitigation

As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.

scholarly journals Wood Productions and Renewable Materials: The Future Is Now

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Pierre Blanchet ◽  
Charles Breton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
The Future

The forest sector plays a key role in meeting the climate change challenge. Forest products and renewable materials are masterpieces in achieving this role. This editorial destails the benefits of these forest prodcuts and celebrates the contributions of the authors who submitted their work to this special edition of Forests journal. This edition presents 11 papers, which include the characterization of a new fiber supply, the description of advanced materials and their environmental impact, and an examination of structural products, wood protection, and modifications.

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