KONSERVASI ENERGI LISTRIK PADA BANGUNAN GEDUNG KANTOR BUPATI TOJO UNA-UNA

Electrical energy has a very important role in the economic, industrial and social development of the community, this causes an increase in the demand for electrical energy in line with the increase in people's welfare, economic and industrial growth. On the other side, energy sources that are commonly used for power generation are increasingly expensive and limited in availability and cause environmental pollution. Based on these considerations, it is necessary to implement an energy management program to preserve energy resources and use energy effectively. Energy consumption intensity (ECI) is a term used to determine the amount of electrical energy consumption in a room. The calculation of the intensity of energy consumption carried out at the Tojo Una-una regent's office in Central Sulawesi consists of 3 buildings with 129 rooms, it was found that 7 rooms were categorized as quite efficient and wasteful.

A Review of the Literature on the Role of Social Capital in Tourism Growth

To improve people's welfare, economic growth has always focused on the development of the secondary sector. The secondary sector, on the other hand, has not fully provided for the community's needs. This is due to the community's current social capital being underutilized. One of the main drivers of tourism development is social capital. Social capital is a driving force at various stages and is regarded as an important mechanism in the success of tourism planning and development. It can also be used to encourage tourism development in urban areas in order to create sustainable tourism. Social capital is the capacity to understand how a community builds, understands, and participates in tourism growth. Communities with high social capital can present better conditions for tourism growth, and community development focus on tourism can be an important element in the regional economy's continuity and growth. The development of social capital studies in tourism growth should be visualized for a more subjective analysis. In order to collect data in this study, PoP software was in use. The existing database is then processed with the VOS Viewer software. This software collects and analyzes all of the keywords in the abstract one by one. VOS Viewer identified some of the most frequently discussed keywords in 53 journals related to social capital in tourism, including tourism, tourism development, relationship, and social capital.

Prevalence of BRD-Related Viral Pathogens in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Swiss Veal Calves

The prevention of bovine respiratory disease is important, as it may lead to impaired welfare, economic losses, and considerable antimicrobial use, which can be associated with antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of respiratory viruses and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. A convenience sample of 764 deep nasopharyngeal swab samples from veal calves was screened by PCR for bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI3V), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), influenza D virus (IDV), and influenza C virus (ICV). The following prevalence rates were observed: BRSV, 2.1%; BPI3V, 3.3%; BCoV, 53.5%; IDV, 4.1%; ICV, 0%. Logistic mixed regression models were built for BCoV to explore associations with calf management and housing. Positive swab samples were more frequent in younger calves than older calves (>100 days; p < 0.001). The probability of detecting BCoV increased with increasing group size in young calves. Findings from this study suggested that young calves should be fattened in small groups to limit the risk of occurrence of BCoV, although an extended spectrum of risk factors for viral associated respiratory disorders such as nutritional aspects should be considered in future studies.

Donne, famiglie e pandemia. Tra vecchie e nuove discriminazioni al femminile

2020 will be remembered as the year of the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2: a virus that suddenly spread worldwide affecting the health and the life of millions of people of all ages and putting a strain on welfare, economic, scientific and politic structures of all the Nations that have tried to respond to the multiple needs of their populations facing many obstacles and difficulties. Starting from a reflection about the new poverty lines that coronavirus produced in family context, this paper analyses the biggest difficulties that women faced during the “confinement” at home, when the housework and the children care multiplied, both in qualitative and in quantitative viewpoint, and gender violence registered an alarming increase. What happened in these months is a evident confirmation that women are still vulnerable people, and that the way to reach a significant gender equality is still fraught with obstacles.

Urban development criteria with a focus on resilience to pandemics: a case study of Corona Virus (Covid-19)

Urban resilience to Corona Virus and its globalization has become a major concern for cities these days. The spread of the Corona Virus (Covid-19) pandemic began in early 2020 and gradually spread throughout the world. This pandemic affected all aspects of the individual and social life of the inhabitants of the planet. Our country also has not been safe from the destructive effects of this virus in social, welfare, economic, physical, governance, and management dimensions; and according to official statistics, hundreds of thousands of people in Iran have been infected with this virus and tens of thousands have died so far. Therefore, to measure urban resilience to this pandemic, some criteria and sub-criteria were developed based on the authors’ documentary and field studies, and their significance or weights were determined using analytical-comparative research method using a questionnaire of paired or L-hour comparisons from the viewpoint of experts in urban sciences and urban development using AHP hierarchical analysis in EXPERT CHOICE software. Then, designing a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, the satisfaction of Tehran residents with the extracted criteria and sub-criteria was measured and the correlation between the important criteria in each dimension was assessed using correlation tests in SPSS16 software. According to the obtained results of AHP analysis and the scores of each sub-criterion, the weight of all criteria was normal. In the next stage, according to the pairwise correlation tests between the important criteria in each dimension from the viewpoint of urban science experts and Tehran residents, it was concluded that the reliability of the correlation between the criteria is 99%. In all the cases, the P-value or the same significance level was less than 0.05, which indicated the significance of the pairwise relations between the variables.

A Theoretical Approach to Welfare-Optimal Calculation of Direct Costs in European Rail Regulation

The regulation of track access charges within the European Union is based on the economic principles of first and second best pricing. In order to obtain an allocative efficiency it is crucial to determine the marginal costs of operating the train services – the so-called direct costs. Even though the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/909 specifies the modalities for the calculation of direct costs, a broad range of different values for direct costs can be observed across Member States. However, the discussion of the level of direct costs is driven in particular by econometric, engineering and cost accounting aspects – an economic analysis is missing despite the welfare-economic concept of track access charges. For that reason, this paper discusses the welfare economic effects of different suitable values for direct costs.It will be shown that both a welfare maximising first best track access charging and, in most cases, also a second best charging will result in boundary solutions for direct costs. However, it also becomes obvious that from a welfare-economic perspective there is no general recommendation for adopting the lowest suitable direct costs. Any allocatively efficientregulation of track access charges must consequently consider the specific situation of each market segment separately.

Ways to achieve peace in Afghanistan

One of the first tasks of governments is to provide security for citizens and establish peace in the country. Without peace, no country can achieve social welfare, economic prosperity, and political growth. Therefore, governments are always trying to prevent war and provide lasting peace in their country, but the conflicting interests of some countries cause these countries to go to war. Afghanistan is a country that has been in a constant state of war for the past four decades, and its citizens have been deprived of the blessings of peace and well-being. Although optimism about peace in Afghanistan emerged after the fall of the Taliban regime in late 2001, Pakistan's continued support for the Taliban has turned it into frustration. The Afghan government's efforts over the past few years have failed to bring the Taliban to the table and bring peace to Afghanistan for a variety of reasons. This article examines how the Afghan government can use this to achieve peace in the country

FOREIGN INVESTMENT OF UKRAINIAN BUSINESS

At the present stage of development of the world economy, an important and urgent issue is the development of investment activity, attraction and use of foreign investments. Almost all countries of the world focus their efforts on increasing the investment attractiveness of foreign investments and increasing their volume in the national economy. Ukraine's investment attractiveness is one of the most important elements on which the country's welfare, economic development, production, enterprises and business are based. The need to attract foreign investment is met by a decrease in investment activity of domestic companies, the need for technical and technological modernization of production and the entire market infrastructure, the need to introduce new management methods in management. Therefore, since the issue of foreign investment is important for the economic development of our country, the need to study and research the main types and forms of foreign investment is very relevant. The purpose of the qualification work is to study foreign investment in Ukraine, as well as trends and promising areas for improvement. In the process of research, depending on the goals and objectives, appropriate methods of research of economic processes were used, including systematization and generalization (with theoretical substantiation - the concept of investment process), comparative method (with dynamics of foreign investment), method of quantitative analysis, methods of induction and deduction. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: At the state level, it is necessary to continue to take a set of measures to stimulate investment processes in the economy of Ukraine, and thus it will help to attract investment by Ukrainian enterprises in conditions of economic instability. Improving the legislative and organizational framework to increase the capacity of mechanisms to ensure a favorable investment climate and forming a basis for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy is an urgent issue for further improvement of the investment climate in Ukraine A study of the main obstacles to foreign investment in Ukraine has shown that the country's judiciary ranks first, corruption second, and market monopolization and seizure of power by oligarchs third. In addition, investment returns in the years before and during the pandemic were compared. The obtained results can be used in the development process strategies of foreign economic development of Ukraine and evaluation of efficiency conducting policy in the field of currency regulation.

The Role of Zakat in Establishing Social Welfare and Economic Sustainability: The Case of Saudi Arabia

Much recent literature has studied the role of Zakat in establishing social welfare and economic sustainability. It is believed that Zakat is among the most important systems for Muslims: indeed, it enables the wealthy and rich to purify their hearts from greed by giving a part of their wealth to the needy. Therefore, Zakat redistributes income and wealth, plays an important role in poverty alleviation, and contributes to social welfare and economic sustainability. This study discusses the role of Zakat in establishing social welfare and economic sustainability by reviewing theoretical and empirical studies. This prior research is then extended by examining the historical development of Zakat and the structure of Zakat accounting method in Saudi Arabia. This study is significant in creating awareness about Zakat’s role and its impact on the social life of a society. The researcher employs qualitative research methods, reviewing traditional and contemporary Islamic sources to explicate the significance of Zakat as an institution, and elaborate its impact on social life in line with the main theme of the study. The topic of Zakat is one that has received increased attention by researchers interested in Muslim values, social welfare, economic sustainability, and accounting. However, little research has been produced on the intersections of these four topics in the specific context of Saudi Arabia. The overall findings show that Zakat has a positive impact on social welfare and economic sustainability in Saudi Arabia.

Multiple criteria hierarchy approach for analyzing competitiveness of States in Mexico

Competitiveness is related to welfare, economic progress and prosperity and has been an important topic for countries, enterprises, investors and citizens alike. This paper presents a new Multiple Criteria Hierarchy Process (MCHP) for rank the competitiveness of States in Mexico through the analysis of multiple criteria such as legality, economic, social, politic, governmental and environmental, precursors and international relations aspects. An important aspect of the new MCHP proposed is that considers the interaction between criteria and measure the performance of a large number of criteria. The study presents a competitiveness analysis of Mexican regions, regarding the interaction in different level of criteria hierarchy and evaluating the performance of 100 criteria to establish the competitiveness level of States in Mexico. Keywords: Multicriteria, hierarchy approach, competitiveness JEL Codes: C69, C81, D81 Received: 10/07/2020. Accepted: 05/11/2020. Published: 01/12/2020